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TRANSACTIONS

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

iM ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAR

1869. .. ^'^ ^'N

\=j»

LONDON:

PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY BY H. G. ROWORTH,
11, BAY STEEET, FAKRINGDON KOAD,

SOLD AT THE SOCIETY^S APARTMENTS, 12, BEDFORD ROW,
AND BY LONGMAN, GBEEN, EEADER AND DYEE,

PATEENOSTER ROW.

1869.

LONDON

FEINTED BY H. G. EOWOKTH,

11, BAY STREET, E.G.

Tvt&^ci,

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

COUNCIL FOR 1869.

H. W. Bates, Esq., F.Z.S., &c President.

F. P. Pascoe, Esq., F.L.S., &c. . • . . . . \

Feederick Smith, Esq [ Vice-Preside'iits.

A. E. Wallace, Esq., F.Z.S., &c J

Samuel Sxevens, Esq., F.L.S Treasurer.

J. W. Dunning, Esq., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., &c.

of Council.

EoBEKT MacLachlan, Esq., F.L.S ^

Hon. Thomas De Geet, M.A., M.P., &c. . . ]

Feedinanb Geut, Esq I

OsBEET Salvin, Esq., M.A., F.L.S. , F.Z.S. . lOther Meynhers
G. S. Saundebs, Esq. . . .
H. T. Stainton, Esq., F.B.S., &c.
Peecy C. Woemald, Esq. . .

TEANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON.

1834-1869.

To the Public. To Members.

First Series, 5 volumes (1834-1849) Price £6 £4 10

Second Series, 5 volumes, (1850-1861) 8 6

Third Series, 5 volumes (1862-1869) 11 8 5

Tlie Transactions for the year 1868 10 15

>» „ 1869 12 16 6

Volume 5 of the First Series can no longer be obtained separately ; the
other volumes of the First, Second, or Third Series may.

Longicornia Malm/ana may be obtained

separately Price £2 12 £1 19

PhytopTiaga Malayana, Pt. 1, Apostasicera,

may be obtained separately ... 16 12

The Journal of Proceedings is bound up with the Transactions, but
may be obtained separately, by members gratis, by the public, price One
Shilling per sheet.

Members and Subscribers resident more than fifteen miles from London,
who have paid the subscription for the current year, are entitled to receive
a copy of the Transactions for the year without further payment, and
they will be forwarded free, by post, to any address within the United
Kingdom.

Members and Subscribers resident in or within fifteen miles from Lon-
don, are entitled to a copy of the Transactions for the current year at half
the price to the public, which copy may be obtauied on application to the
Librarian.

CONTENTS.

PAGE.

Explanation of the Plates ix.

Errata ix.

List of Members • . x.

MBMOIES.

I. Descriptions of Nine New Species of BupresUdce. By

Edwakd Saunders 1

II. Description of a New Species of Eestina. By Arthur

G. Butler, F.L.S., F.Z.S 9

III. Description of a New Genus and Species of PrionidcB.

By Edmund Thomas Higgins .... 11

IV. On a New Genus and some New Species of Coleo'ptera

belonging to the family LucanidcB. By Chas. 0.

Watekhouse 13

v. On Insects and Insectivorous Birds ; and especially on
the relation between the colour and the edibility of
Lepidoptera and their Larv^. By J. Jenner Weik,

F.L.S 21

VI. Eemarks upon certain Caterpillars, &c., which are un-
palatable to their enemies. By A. G. Butler,

F.L.S., &c 27

VII. Descriptions of two New Species of Pwpilio from Ecua-
dor. By W. C. Hewitson, F.L.S. ... 31
VIII. Descriptions of six New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera

from Nicaragua. By W. C. Hewitson, F.L.S. . 33

IX. Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon
Valley {Coleoptera, Prionides). By H. W. Bates,

F.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc 37

X. Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in
Europe and the adjoining countries; with a descrip-
tion of a singular New Species from Java. By B.
MacLachlan, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc. ... 59

XI. Descriptions of New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera.

By W. C. Hewitson, F.L.S 71

XII. Notes on Eastern Butterflies. By A. R. Wallace,

F.Z.S., V.-P. Ent. Soc 77

XIII. Characters of some undescribed Species of Phytophaga
belonging to the families Cassididcp^ and Hispidc.
By J. S. Baly, F.L.S 83

Vlll

MEMOiES [continued]

XIV. A Eevision of the British Species of Homalota. By

David Shabp, M.B 91

XV. Descriptions of new or little-known forms of Diurnal

Le;pidoptera. By Aethue G. Butlee, F.L.S., &c. . 273

XVI. Notes on' Eastern Butterflies (continued). By Alfeed

K. Wallace, F.Z.S., V.-P. Ent.Soc, &c. . . 277

XVII. Descriptions of New Species of the Genus Pison; and
a Synonymic List of those previously described.
By Feedeeick Smith, V.-P., late Pres. Ent. Soc. . 289

XVIII. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Exotic
Hymenoptera. By Feedeeick Smith, V.-P., and

late Pres. Ent. Soc. , 301

XIX. Notes on Chalcididce ; and description of a new.Species

of Meijastigmus. By F. Walkee, F.L.S. . . 313

XX. Remarks on the Genus Ectrephes; and descriptions of
New Exotic Coleoptera. By J. 0. Westwood, M.A.,

F.L.S., &c 315

XXI. Notes on Eastern Butterflies (continued). By Alfeed

R. Wallace, F.Z.S., V.-P. Ent. Soc, &c. . . 321

XXII. On the AustraUan Species of Tetracha. By Edwin

Beown 351

XXIII. On the Diurilal L'epidoptera' described in Gmelin's

Edition of the Systema Naturce. By W. F. Kieby . 355

XXIV. DescriiDtious of New Genera and Species of Hisipidx;

with notes on some previously described species.

By J. S. Baly, F.L.S. .... . . 363

XXV. New species of Coleo^ytera fron Chontales, Nicaragua.

By H. W. Bates, F.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc. . . 383

XXVI. A Synopsis of the genus Clotliilda. By Osbeet Salvin,

M.A., F.L.S., &c 391

XXVII. Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwooclii. By

EoBEET MacLachlan, F.L.S., Sec. Ent. Soc. . . 399

Proceedings for 1869
Index .

( ix )

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate I. Fig. 1. Catoxantha 3Iouliotii

2. Sternocera multipunctata

3. Psiloptera Batesii .

4. Julodis ce-neipes

5. Clirysaspis viridipennis

6. Acherusia Parrii

7. „ piliventris

8. Hyperantha hella

9. Pseudhyperantha jucunda
Plate II. Fig. 1. Ommatomenus sericatus .

2. Acanthophorus, head and thorax.

3. Deohrachus, head and thorax.
Plate III. Fig. 1. Aulacostethus Archeri

„' Q > Clnasognathus perwviarms

Plate IV. Seep. 70. ,

Plate V. See the Plate ; and pp. 273-276.

Plate VI. See p. 311.

See p. 3.
p.l.
p. 4.
p. 2.
p. 4.
p. 7.
p. 8.
p. 6.
p. 6.
p. 12.

p. 14.

p. 18.

ERRATUM.

Page 273, line 10 from bottom, for A(jlaia read Adippe.

( ^)

list 0| Pijmlrqs

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

OF LONDON.

DECEMBER 31st, 1869.

Guerin-Meneville, F. E., Paris.
Hagen, H. A., Cambridge, U.S.A.
Lacordaire, J. T., Liege.
Leconte, John L., Philadelphia.
Milne-Edwards, H., Paris.
Pictet, J. C, Geneva.
ZeUer, P. C, Stettin.
Zetterstedt, J. W., Lund.

{Two vacancies.)

( xi )

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Mcurhed * are Original Members.

Ma/rked f have compoimded for their Annual Sulscriptions,

Ma/rked S. a/re Annual Subscribers.

Dateo)

JUl6CtilOI

1866

1849

1867

1856

1857

1850

1869

1865

1867

1861

1851

1865

1866

1854

1864

1849

1841

1860

1865

1852

1867

1856

1849

1869

1862

1855

1868

1860

1865

AdaruB, Henry, F.L.S., 19, Hanover Villas, Netting Hill, W.

Allis, Thomas H., York.

Archer, F., 3, Brunswick Street, Liverpool.

Armitage, Edward, A.E.A., 3, Hall Road, St. John's WoodjN.W.

Atkinson, W. S., M.A., F.L.S., CalciTtta.

Babington, Professor C. C, M.A., F.E.S., &c., Cambridge.

Baly, J. S., F.L.S., The Butts, Warwick.

Barnes, S. J., The Poplars, Trafalgar Eoad, Moseley, Birming-
ham.

Barton, Stephen, 32, St. Michael's Hill, Bristol.

Bates, Frederick, 15, Northampton Street, Leicester.

Bates, Henry Walter, F.Z.S., President, 40, Bartholomew
Eoad, N.W.

Beaumont, Alfred, Steps Mills, Huddersfield.

Beavan, Lieut. E. C, Bengal Staff Corps.

Bicknell, Percy, Beckenham, S.E.

Birt, Jacob, 30, Sussex Gardens, Hyde Park, W.

Blackmore, Trovey, The HoUies, Wandsworth, S.W.

Bladon, J., Albion House, Pont-y-pool.

Bond, Fred., F.Z.S., 203, Adelaide Eoad, N.W.

Bonvouloir, Vicomte Henri de, 15, Eue de I'Universite, Paris.

Borrer, W., M.A., F.L.S., Cowfold, Horsham.

Borthwick, Eichard, Alloa, N.B.

Bowerbank, J. S., LL.D., F.E.S., &c., 2, East Ascent, St.
Leonards.

Boyd, Thomas, 17, Clapton Square, N.E.

Boyd, W. C, Cheshunt, Herts.

Braikenridge, Eev. G. W., M.A., F.L.S., Clevedon, Bristol.

Brown, Edwin, Burton-on-Trent.

Brown, N.E., Reigate.

Browne, Eev. T. H., M.A., F.G.S., High Wycombe, Bucks.

Burnell, E. H., 32, Bedford Eow, W.C.

Butler, A. G., F.L.S., F.Z.S., 26, Brompton Square, S.W.

Cand&ze, Dr. E., Glain, Liege.

Carey, A. D., Ahmedabad, India.

XU ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of
Election.

1868 Carriugton, Charles, Westwood Park, Forest Hill, S.E.

1887 Clarke, Alex. H., 16, Furnival's Iiiu, E.C.

1865 S. Clarke, C. B., M.A., F.L.S., Calcutta.

1865 Colquhouu, Hugh, M.D., 17, Grosvenor Terrace, Glasgow.

1865 S. Cooke, Beuj., 119, Stockport Eoad, Manchester.

1853 Cox, Colouel C. J., Fordwich House, Canterbury.

1867 Cox, Herbert E., Rosenheim, Eeigate.

1857 Croker, T. F. Dillon, 19, Pelham Place, Brompton, S.W.

1865 Crotch, G. E., M.A., University Library, Cambridge.

1868 Cumming, Linnaeus, B.A., Trinity College, Cambridge.
1868 Curzon, E. P. R.

1865 Dallas, W. S., F.L.S., Geological Society, Somerset House, W.C.

* t Darwin, Charles, M.A., F.E.S., &c., Down, Bromley, S.E.
1867 Davidson, G. W., M.D., F.E.S.E., 13, Union Place, .Edinburgh.
1867 Davies, A. E., Ph. D., F.C.S., Victoria Chambers, St. Mary's

Gate, Manchester.
1849 S. Dawson, John, Carron, Falkirk, Stirlingshire.
1853 De Grey and Eipou, Earl, E.G., F.E.S., &c., 1, Carlton

Gardens, S.W.

1866 De Grey, Hon. Thomas, M.A., M.P., 23, Ai-lington Street, W.
1837 Devonshire, Duke of, E.G., F.E.S., &c., 78, Piccadilly, W.
1855 Dohrn, Dr. C. A., Pres. Ent. Verein, Stettin.

1865 Dorville, H., Alphingtou, Exeter.

* Doubleday, Henry, Epping.

1867 Druce, Herbert, 1, Circus Eoad, St. John's Wood, N.W.
1867 S. Duer, Yeend, Cleygate House, Esher.

1849 t Dunning, J. W., M.A., F.L.S., F.Z.S., Secretary, 24, Old

Buildings, Lincoln's Inn, W.C.
1865 D'Urban, W. S. M., F.L.S., 4, Queen's Terrace, Mount Ead-

ford, Exeter.
Dutton, James, 2, Theresa Place, Hammersmith, W.
Eaton, Eev. A. E., B.A., Ashbourne.
Emerich, Gustave d', Pesth.
Farren, W., 10, Eose Crescent, Cambridge.
Fenning, George, Lloyds, E.C.

Fletcher, J. E., Pitmaston Eoad, St. John's, Worcester,
Foot, A. W., M.D., 21, Lqwer Pembroke Street, Dublin.
French, D. J., F.L.S., &c.", Chatham.
Fry, Alexander, F.L.S., Thornhill House, Dulwich Wood

Park, S.E.
Fiist, H. Jenner, jun., M.A., Hill Court, Berkeley.
Gloyne, C. P., Jamaica.

Godman, F. D., M.A., F.L.S., &c.. Park Hatch, Godalming.
Gorham, Eev. H. S., Needwood Parsonage, Burton-ou-Trynt.
Gould, J., F.E.S., etc., 26, Charlotte Street, Bedford Square, W.C.
Graj^, John, Wlieatfield House, Bolton, Lancashire.
Gray, John Edw., Ph.D., F.E.S., British Museum, W.C.
Green, Philip, 11, Finsbury Circus, E.C.

1851

1865

1869

1865

1858

1865

1869

1855

1865

1857

1865

1855

1850
1842

ORDINARY Ml'lMBERS AND SUBSCETBEES. XIU

Greene, Eev. J., M.A., Eveline Villa, Apsley Eoad, Eedlancl,
Bristol.
S. Groves, W., Sbortlands, Kent.

Grnt, Ferdinand, 9, King Street, Southwark, S.E.
f Guyon, George, Southcliff Cottage, Ventnor.

Haliday, Alex. H., M.A., F.L.S., Villa Pisani, Lucca.

Hanson, Samuel, 24, Greville Place, Kilburn, N.W.

Harold, Baron Edgar von, 7, Carlstrasse, Munich.

Harper, P. H., 30, Cambridge Street, Hyde Park Square, W.

Hewitson, W. C, F.L.S., F.Z.S., Oatlands, Weybridge.

Higgins, E. T., M.E.C.S., 24, Bloomsbury Street, W.C.

Hobson, Major Julian C, A.Q.M.G., Belgaum, Boml)ay.

Holdsworth, Edward, Shanghai.

Home, Charles, Innisfail, Beulah Hill, S.E.

Howitt, Godfrey, M.D., Colhns Street East, Melbourne.
S. Hudd, A. E., Stapleton Lodge, Stapleton Eoad, Bristol.

Hume, William H., Orwell Works, Ipswich.

Hunter, John, 5, Eton Else, Ealing, W.
S. Janson, E. M., Las Lajas, Chontales, Nicaragua.

Janson, E. W., Librarian, 3, Vorley Eoad, Highgate Hill, N.
S. Janson, O. E., 3, Vorley Eoad, Highgate Hill, N.

Jekel, Henri, Paris.

Jenyns, Eev. L., M.A., F.L.S., &e., 19, Belmont, Bath.
S. John, Evan, Llantrisant, Pontyjjridd.

Jones, W. Stavenhagen, 2, Venilam Buildings, Gray's Inn, W.C.
S. Keays, F. Lovell, 4, Harringay Villas, Green Lanes, N.

Kirby, W. F., Eoyal Dublin Society, Kildare Street, Dublin.

Knox, H. Blake, 2, Ulverton Place, Dalkey, DubHu.

Kuper, Eev. C, M.A., Trelleck, Chepstow.

Lacerda, Antonio de, Bahia.

Lang, Capt. A. M., E.E., The Elms, Brockham Green,
Eeigate.

Latham, A. G., Weaste Hall, Pendleton, Manchester.

Lebour, G. A., F.E.G.S., Geological Survey Office, Jermjii
Street, S.W.

Lendy, Capt. A. F., F.L.S., Sunbury House, Sunbury, S.W,

Lewis, W. Arnold, 4, Crown Office Eow, Temple, E.G.

Lier, H.H.H. van de, Delft.
S. Lighten, Eev. Sir C. E., Bart., Ellastane, Ashbourne.
t Lingwood, E. M., M.A., F.L.S., Cowley Hoiise, Exeter,
t Llewelyn, J. T. D., M.A., F.L.S., Ynisygerwn, Neath.

Logan, E. F., Hawthornbrae, Duddiugstone, near Edinburgh.
S. Lowe, W. H., M.D., Balgreen, Murrayfield, Edinburgh,
f Lubbock, Sir John, Bart., F.E.S., &c., HighElms, Farnborough.

M'Caul, S., B.C.L., Eectory House, London Bridge, E.G.
t M'Intosh, J.

M'Lachlan, Eobert, F.L.S., Secretary, 20, Limes Grove North,
Lewisham, S.E.
f Marseul, L'Abbe S. A. de, 24, Eue Demours aux Ternes, Paris.

XIV ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS.

Date of
Election.

1865 Marshall, Eev. T. A., M.A., Barnstaple.

1856 t Marshall, William, Ebn Lodge, Clay Hill, Enfield.

1865 Mathew, G. F., R.N., F.L.S., Ealeigh House, Barnstaple.

1860 May, J. W., 9, Victoria Eoad, Fiuchley Eoad, N.W.
1865 S. Meek, Edward G., 4, Old Ford Eoad, E.

1869 Melvill, J. Cosmo, B.A., 16, Back Square, Manchester.

1865 Mercer, Albert, 38, Eichmond Eoad, Islington, N.
1864 Milnes, Eev. Herbert, Winster, Matlock-Bath.

1866 Mniszech, Comte G. de, 22, Eue Balzac, Paris.
1853 Moore, Frederic, 51, Oakfield Eoad, Penge, S.E.
1859 Mosse, G. Staley, 12, Eldon Eoad, Kensington, W.

1869 Miiller, Albert, Eaton Villa, Sunny Bank Eoad, South Nor-

wood, S.E.

1861 Murray, Andrew, F.L.S., 67, Bedford Gardens, Kensington, W.
1849 t Newman, Edward, F.L.S., F.Z.S., M. Imp. L. C. Acad., 7, York

Grove, Queen's Eoad, Peckham, S.E.
1868 Newton, Professor Alfred, M.A., F.L.S., &c., Magdalene

College, Cambridge.
Oberthur, Charles (fils), Eennes.

Owen, Eichard, M.D., F.E.S., &c., British Museum, W.C.
Parry, Major P. J. Sidney, F.L.S., 18, Onslow Square, S.W.
Pascoe, Francis P., F.L.S., Vice-President, 1, Burlington Eoad,

Westbourne Park, W.
Pearson, W. H., Ivy Hall, Solihull, Birmingham.
PickersgiU, J. C, Hooly House, Coulsdon, Croydon.
Preston, Eev. T. A., M.A., The College, Marlborough.
Pryer, H. J. S., 10, HoUy Village, Highgate.
Pryer, W. B., Shanghai.
Eansome, Eobert James, Ipswich.
Eobinson, E. W., 3, Bartholomew Eoad, N.W.
Eobinson, W. Douglas, Kirkeunan, Dalbeattie, N.B.
Eogers, W., 12, Bromell's Buildings, Clapham, S.W.
Rothney, G. A. J., Addiscombe.

Eylands, T. G., F.L.S., F.G.S., Heath House, Warrington.
Salvin, Osbert, M.A., F.L.S., &c., 32, The Grove, Boltons, S.W.
Saunders, Edward, F.L.S., Hill Field, Eeigate.
Saunders, G. S., Hill Field, Eeigate.
Saunders, S. S., H.M. Consul General, Corfu.
Saunders, W. F., F.L.S., Hill Field, Eeigate.
Saunders, W. Wilson, F.E.S., Tr. & V.P.L.S., &c., HiU Field,

Eeigate.
Schaufuss, L. W., M. Imp. L. C. Acad., &c., Dresden.
Schrader, H. L., Shanghai.
Semper, Georg, Altona.

Sharp, David, M.B., Eccles, Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
Shearwood, G. P., Cedar Lodge, Stockwell Park, S.
Shepherd, Edwin, 8, Cressingham Grove, Sutton, Surrey.
Sheppard, Augustus F., Eose Bank, Eltham Eoad, Lee, S.E.
Sheppard, Edward, F.L.S., 18, Durham Villas, Kensington, W.

1869

1841

1840

1854

1869

1852

1851

1867

1866

1865

1857

1869

1865

1868

1865

1866

1865

1861

1849

1865

1866

1864

1862

1868

1847

1851

1852

ORDINARY MEMBERS AND SUBSCRIBERS. XV

Sidebotham, J., 19, George Street, Manchester.

Siguoret, Dr. Victor, 51, Eue de Seine, Paris.

Smith, E. A, 27, Eichmond Crescent, Islington, N.

Smith, Frederick, Vice-President, 27, Richmond Crescent,
Islington, N.

Smith, Henley G., Surbiton.
f Spence, W. B.

f Staiuton, H. T., F.E.S., Sec. L.S., &c., Moimtsfield, Lewis-
ham, S.E.

Stevens, John S., 38, King Street, Covent Garden, W.C.

Stevens, Samuel, F.L.S., Treaswrer, 28, Bang Street, Covent
Garden, W.C.

Swanzy, Andrew, 122, Cannon Street, E.G.
S. Thompson, Miss Sophia, Barn HiU, Stamford.
S. Thompson, Thomas, Hull.

Thomson, James, 23, Eue de I'Universite, Paris.
S. Thomborrow, W., 4, Provost Eoad, Haverstock Hill, N.W.

Thwaites, G.H.K., Ph.D., F.E.S., F.L.S., Ceylon.
S. Tompkins, H., 3, Colonnade, Worthing,
f Trimen, Eoland, Colonial Office, Cape Town.

Vaughan, Howard, 14, Gaisford Street, Kentish Town, N.W.

Vaughan, P. H., Eedland, near Bristol.
S. Verrall, G. H., The Mulberries, Denmark Hill, S.E.

Walker, Francis, F.L.S., Elm Hall, Wanstead, N.E.

Wallace, Alexander, M.D., Trinity House, Colchester.

Wallace, Alfred E., F.Z.S., F.E.G.S., Vice-President, 9, St.
Mark's Crescent, Eegent's Park, N.W.

Ward, Christopher, Halifax.

Waring, S. L., The Oaks, Norwood, S.E.

Waterhouse, C. 0., British Museum, W.C.

Waterhouse, G. E., V.P.Z.S., &c., British Museum, W.C.

Watson, John, Eose Hill, Bowdon.

Websdale, C. G., 78, High Street, Barnstaple.

Weir, J. Jenner, F.L.S., 6, Haddo Villas, Blackheath, S.E.

Were, E. B., 35, Osborne Terrace, Clai^ham Eoad, S.W.

Westwood, Professor J. 0., M.A., F.L.S., &c., Oxford,
t White, F, Buchanan, M.D., Perth.

White, Eev. W. Farren, Stonehouse Vicarage, Gloucestershire.

Wilkinson, S. J., 16, Austin Friars, E.C.

Wix, William, Isbells, Eeigate.

Wollaston, T. Vernon, M.A., F.L.S., 1, Barnepark Terrace,
Teignmoiith, Devon.

Woi-mald, Percy C, 35, Bolton Eoad, St. John's Wood, N.W.

Wright, Professor E. Perceval, M.A., M.D., F.L.S., &c., 10,
Clare Street, Dublin.
S. Young, Morris, 7, Old Sneddon Street, Paisley.

THE

TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

LONDON

FOR THE YEAE 1869.

♦—

I. BescTiptions of Nine New Species of Buprestidss. By
Edward Saunders.

[ Bead 4th January, 1869.]

The species here described belong to the genera Sterno-
cera, Julodis, Catoxantha, C/irysaspis, Psiloptera, Pseud-
hyperantha, H^jperantlia, and Aclierusia.

Two of these, Chrysaspis and Pseudfiyperantha, are new
genera.

Chrysaspis will, I believe, shortly be described by
M. Henri Deyrolle, whose manuscript name I have here
employed, and therefore I have assigned no characters
to it. The second, PseudhypevantJia, is one of the most
anomalous insects with which I am acquainted in this
Family; it has the form o? Hyper antha, and the scutellum
of Belionota, both of which genera belong to the section
" Buprestides vrais" of Lacordaire ; and yet it is really
referable to the " Chalcophorides " of that author, in
which group I have placed it.

Sternocera midtipunctata (PL I. fig. 2) .

S. viridis ; thorace foveolis minutis excavate ; elytris
lineis quatuor fovearum albidarum ornatis; subtus
abdominis segmentis utrinque albifoveatis.

Above, bright green; elytra each with four rows of
small, round, white pubescent fovese, and a larger one at

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (APRIL) . B

2 Mr. Edward Saunders on

tlie base, midway between the suture and tlie lateral
margin. Beneath, golden-green ; sides of abdominal
segments, each with a round white pubescent fovea.

Head largely punctured, rugose just above the mouth.
Thorax not quite twice as broad at the base as long ;
anterior margin rounded, a little more than half as long
as the base ; sides rounded ; base with a slight median
lobe ; surface very shining, pitted with small round
foveas, filled with white pubescence. Elytra twice as
long as wide, finely and irregularly punctate, each with
a large round white pubescent fovea at the base, and
four rows of smaller ones, none of which attain the
apex ; sides slightly sinuate above the middle ; apex of
each very finely bidentate; on each side above the apex
is a somewhat stronger tooth. Beneath, punctured;
breast, and each abdominal segment, with a white pubes-
cent fovea on each side ; legs punctured.

Length 16| lines; breadth 7 lines.
nab. — Cochin China.

Allied to 8. sternicornis, Linn., but differs in the pits
of the thorax being much more regular and rounder;
in the pubescent fovea? of the elytra being smaller and
more numerous, and in the abdomen, each of whose
segments has a white spot on the side, which does not
exist in the Linnean species.

Julodis ceneipes (PI. 1. fig. 4) .

J. cyanea ; thorace ruguloso, linea dorsali laevi elevata ;
elytris punctatis, maculis albidis sagittatis ornatis :
subtus rugosa, albo-hirta; pedibus seneis.

Cyaneous. Thorax with a greenish tinge, its central
carina, and a small round spot on each side of it above
the middle, cyaneous. Elytra each with four rows of
yellowish- white pubescent sagittate spots.

Head longitudinally rugose, pubescent, especially
about the mouth. Thorax at the base once and three-
quarters as broad as long ; anterior margin rounded,
two-thirds as long as the base ; sides rounded ; base with
a narrow median lobe ; surface rugose, a dorsal carina,
widest behind, which does not touch the base or the
anterior margin, and a small round spot on each side of
it, smooth ; the surface between the rvigosities yellowish-
pubescent, the pubescence especially visible near the

New Species of BupresUdce. B

central basal lobe, where it is of a whiter colour. Elytra
much wider than the thorax at their shoulders, nearly
twice as long as wide, very largely and rugosely punc-
tured, each with four raised lines, and four rows of
foveolfe of sagittate fonn filled with whitish pubescence ;
a fifth row, of square or transverse foveae, occurs between
the fourth raised line and the lateral margin ; sides
slightly sinuate above the middle ; apex rounded. Be-
neath, rugose, pubescent in irregular patches. Legs
bronzy. (Antenna wanting) .

Length 18 lines ; breadth 7 lines,

Hab. — East (Persia, ?) .

Catoxantha Mouliotii (H, Deyr.), (PL I. fig. 1).

C. viridis ; capite inter oculos excavate j thorace
prope angulos posteriores testaceo, foveolis duabua
ad basin positis; elytris maculis duabus flavis orna*
tis : subtus flava; pedibus cyaneis.

Head and thorax cyaneous, the latter with a somewhat
square yellow-brown patch near each posterior angle.
Elytra green with brown reflections, each with a trans-
verse oval yellow spot, situate about a third of the entire
length of the elytra from their apex. Beneath, flavous ;
a curved black line on the breast. Legs cyaneous.
Antennae black.

Head punctured, deeply impressed between the eyes.
Thorax, at its base, not quite twice as broad as long ; an-
terior margin slightly emarginate, a little more than
half as long as the base; sides sinuate till a little above
the posterior angles, then distinctly angulate and emar-
ginate to the base ; posterior angles acute ; base with a
large median lobe ; surface finely and remotely punc-
tured in the centre, sides rugose and iiupressed for two-
thirds of their length, largely punctured on the basal
third ; disc with a slight dorsal line impressed at the
base, and raised near its middle ; on each side of it at
the base is a large round fovea. Elytra twice and a
quarter as long as wide, finely punctured ; each with
four slightly raised lines, visible chiefly on their apical
half; sides subparallel, apex of each finely emarginate
and dentate on the suture. Underside and legs finely
punctured.

Length 31 lines ; breadth 10 lines.

Hah. — Laas.

4 Mr. Edward Saunders on

Chrysas^is vwidipennis (PL I. fig. 5).

C, capite thoraceque atro-cyaneis, punctatis ; hoc mar-
ginibus lateralibus viridibus ; elytris aureo-viridibus,
Bubrugulosis, apicibus denticulatis : subtus aureo-
cuprea.

Head and thorax cyaneous blacky the former green
round the inner margins of the eyes, the latter with its
lateral margins green. Elytra bright brassy-green with
golden reflections on the sides. Beneath, fiery red.
Legs green with golden reflections. Antennae with the
three basal joints green, the rest black.

Head punctured, deeply excavated between the eyes.
Thorax, at the base, once and thi'ee-quarters as broad as
long; anterior margin much raised, emarginate, a little
more than half as long as the base ; sides raised, diverg-
ing in nearly straight lines for half their entire length,
then slightly augulate and subparallel to the base ; pos-
terior angles acute ; base with a large rounded central
lobe ; surface punctured ; disk somewhat triangularly
raised, sides very rugosely punctured. Elytra finely
and longitudinally rugose, sides slightly angulate at the
shoulders, apex of each with seven or eight teeth. Un-
derside and legs punctured.

Length 21 lines ; breadth 8 lines.

Hab. — Gaboon.

Psiloptera Batesii (PI. I. fig. 3) .

P. capite thoraceque fusco-asneis, viridi-punctatis, hoc
linea dorsali depressa ; elytris fuscis, viridipunctatis,
foveolis aureis sparsis ornatis : subtus viridis, rugosa.

Head green. Thorax bronzy-brown, thickly punctured
with green on the sides. Elytra bronzy-brown, with green
punctures at the base and sides, and with several irre-
gular round golden pubescent foveolas. Underside and
legs green. Antennae with the first joint green, the rest
bronzy.

Head rugose. Thorax twice as broad at the base as
long ; anterior margin a little more than half as long as
the base ; sides diverging rapidly for about half their
length, then slightly emarginate to the posterior angles,
which are somewhat produced and acute ; base with a
large shallow median lobe ; surface remotely punctured

Neio Species of BuiorestidcB. 5

on the disc, and very thickly on the sides ; disc with a
widely impressed dorsal line ; sides slightly impressed
above the posterior angles. Elytra regularly punctate-
striate, once and three-quarters as long as wide, finely
and thickly punctured about the shoulders, with numerous
irregular golden foveee scattered over their surface ; no
foveas however occur on the basal quarter ; sides slightly
sinuate above the middle ; apex of each finely and
obliquely truncate. Beneath, finely rugose ; legs deeply
punctured.

Length 15 lines ; breadth 6 lines.

Hah. — Buenos Ayres.

I have named this species after Mr. H. W. Bates, Pres.
Ent. Soc, who kindly presented it to me.

PSEUDHYPEEANTHA, n. g.

Caput antennarum cavitatibus rotundis prope ocuIo3
positis; antennis a tertio articulo serratis. Thorax
postice latior. ScuteUum triangulare, elongatum.
Elytra elongata, apicibus truncatis et bidentatis.
Prosterimm gibbosum. Tarsi dilati.

Head rounded in front; antennary cavities round,
situate near the eyes just above the epistome ; antennas
with the first joint elongate, subpyriform, longer than
the second and third together ; the second short ; the
third rather longer and pyriform ; the rest serrate, and
with a few long hairs. Thorax short, widest at the base.
ScuteUum of an elongate triangular shape, flatj in form
most like that of Belionota. Elytra widest at the
shoulders, apex of each widely truncate and bidentate.
Prosternum much rounded ; apical segment of the abdo-
men very long, bidentate. Femora and tibiae nearly
straight; tarsi with the joints of equal length, dilated.

The difficulty I have experienced with this genus has
not been how to distinguish it from its allies, but to find
its allies with which I might place it. As far as I can
make out, it should be placed between Capnoclis and
Cardiaspis. It resembles, in general form, the genus
Hyperantha, from S. America, but has the antennary
pores on each side of their joints, so that it will come
into the division '^ Chalcophorides " of Lacordaire. This
brings it in form nearest to Capnodis, which is placed at
the end of Lacordaire's division, and as Cardiaspis stands

6 Mr. Edward Saunders on

in Tt\y arrangement at the beginning of the '' Buprestides
vrais" of that author, and resembles this species much
in general characters, I think the present insect makes a
convenient link between the two.

PseudhyperantJia jucunda (PL I. fig. 9).

P. cyaneo-nigra, polita^ minutissime punctata ; thorace
pos'tice flavicincto ; elytris maculis quatuor trans-
versis flavis ornatis, apicibus truncatis quadriden-
tatis : subtus flava^ cyaneo-ornata j pedibus cyaneis,
flavo-ornatis.

Black, shining, with purple reflections. Head with a
yellow streak between the eyes. Thorax with its base
and lateral margins yellow. Elytra each with two short,
narrow, transverse bands, one situate about a third of
their length from the base, the other about two-thirds ;
there is also a small yellow spot on the lateral margin of
each elytron close to the upper band. Beneath, yellow,
posterior margins of the abdominal segments cyaneous ;
fourth segment entirely of that colour, except a small
triangular spot in its middle ; apical segment wholly
blue. Thorax and breast variegated with blue. Legs
and antennee cyaneous ; each thigh, beneath, with a
streak of yellow.

Head punctured. Thorax widest at the base, finely
punctured, with a larger puncture just above the scutel-
lum ; anterior margin elevated, and slightly produced ;
sides rounded just above the posterior angles ; base
slightly bisinuate. Elytra punctate-striate, wider than
the thorax at their base, twice and a fifth as long as wide,
slightly sinuate above the middle and again before the
apex, which is widely and obliquely truncate, and armed
on each elytron with two sharp teeth and two or three
small irregular denticulations between them. Underside,
and legs, finely jDunctured.

Length 10 1 lines ; breadth 3^ lines.

Hab. — Penang.

Hyperantlia hella (PI. I. fig'. 8) .

H. capite thoraceque nigris, punctatis, hoc marginibus
lateralibus flavis ; elytris punctatis, striatis, flavis,
sutura, vitta laterali, fascia transversa post medium
pcsita, apiceque nigris : subtus nigra, flavo-macu-
lata.

New Species of BupresUdce. 7

Head and thorax black, the latter with its lateral mar-
gins flavous ; scutellum black. Elytra flavous, orange-
coloured near their apex, with their suture black for two-
thirds of its length, where it is inet by a transverse band
of the same colour ; the apex and a vitta, extending from
the shoulder to just above the transverse post-median
band, are also black. Beneath, blacky with a yellow spot
in the middle of each abdominal segment, the last ex-
cepted. Legs and antenna black.

Head punctured, impressed between the eyes. Thorax
twice as wide at the base as long ; anterior margin much
produced in the centre, and rounded, half as long as the
base ; sides rounded ; posterior angles acute, overlapping
the shoulders of the elytra ; base nearly straight ; sur-
face finely punctured, with a slightly impressed dorsal
line ; sides raised. Elytra punctate, sti-iate, three of the
interstices on each more raised than the rest, twice and
a quarter as long as wide ; sides subparallel ; apex of each
widely and obliquely truncate, armed with two short
spines. Underside, and legs, punctured, covered with
short silvery pubescence.

Length 9 lines ; breadth 3 lines.

Hah. — Brazil.

Allied to H. interrogationis, but much shorter in rela-
tion to its width. The markings also are very different,
and I cannot think that any variation in the spread of
the yellow colour in interrogationis could form the mark-
ings observable on the species above described.

Acherusia Parrii (PL I. fig. 6) .

A. nigro-cyanea ; capite thoraceque punctatis ; elytria
humeris maculaque utrinque prope apicem igneo-
cupreis, fortiter punctato-striatis : subtus punctata ;
pedibus punctatis.

Dark cyaneous. Elytra with a spot on each below the
base covering the shoulder, and another just above the
apex, coppery red.

Head punctured. Thorax once and three-quarters as
broad as long ; anterior margin half as long as the base,
its angles closely surrounding the eyes ; sides diverging
for about half their length, then rounded and very
slightly sinuate to the posterior angles, which are acute ;
base with a pointed central lobe ; surface punctured.

8 Mr. E. Saunders on Buprestidoe.

finely and transversely wrinkled behind. Elytra once
and a third as long as wide, deeply punctate-striate, the
striee commencing at a little distance from the base,
leaving a smooth space between them and it ; sides
sinuate above the middle, swelling out considerably be-
yond it ; apex slightly attenuate and truncate, with a
small external tooth. Underside, and legs, deeply
punctured.

Length 4 lines ; breadth 2 lines.

JSab. — Brazil.

I have named this species in honour of Major Parry,
from whose collection it was obtained.

Acherusia piliventris (PI. I. fig. 7) .

A. senea ; capite thoraeeque punctatis, hoc marginibus
lateralibus albipubescentibus ; elytris punctato-stria-
tis, humeris roseo-cupreis, apice rotundato : subtus
dense albipubescens.

Dark bronzy-brown, with cyaneous reflections. Elytra
with their shoulders coppery-purple. The sides of the
thorax, and the whole underside, covered with long gray
hairs.

Head punctured, covered with long gray pubescence.
Thorax twice as wide at the base as long ; anterior mar-
gin elevated, half as long as the base, its angles closely
embracing the eyes ; sides rounded ; posterior angles
acute ; base with a pointed central lobe ; surface finely
wrinkled, and punctured transversely ; sides covered
with gray pubescence. Elytra once and a sixth as long
as wide, deeply punctate-striate ; sides sinuate above the
middle, the sinuation extending nearly across each
elytron ; shoulders rather prominent ; apex rounded.
Underside, and legs, densely covered with silvery-gray
hairs. Antennee cyaneous.

Length 4 lines ; breadth 2 lines.

Hab. — ^Brazil.

II. Description of a Neio Species of Hestina, which
mimics a Danais. By Arthur G. Butler, F.L.S.,
F.Z.S.

[Eead 1st February, 1869.]

The following species has been lent me for description
by G. Waters, Esq.: it is remarkable as being an excel-
lent mimic of Danais Juventa, a widely disti'ibuted and
tolerably common East Indian and Oceanic species.

Fam. NYMPHALID^.

Gen. Hestina, Westwood.

(Dbl. and Hew. Diurn. Lep. p. 281).

Hestina Zella, sp. nov.

(J . Alae supra albee, paululum virescentes ; cella dis-
coidali anticarum maculariter cinerascente ; venis
omnibus late cinereo-nigrescentibus ; alse anticse
fasciolis tribus oblique transversis discoidalibus an-
gulatis nigris, unaque nervulos prinium et secundum
medianos connectente ; margine apiceque nigres-
centibus, maculas tres subapicales et octo submargi-
nales viridi-albas includentibus ; punctis septem vel
octo marginalibus cinereis sub-obsoletis ; alee posticaa
macula costali squamosa nigricante ; margine externo
nigrescente, maculas octo submarginales albas punc-
taque octo marginalia alba includente ; corpus ni-
grum, capite albo-punctato, tliorace cinereo-albo-
Btriato, abdomine lateraliter albo, antennis nigris.
Alse subtus fusco-albidee, area anali anticarum c£eru-
lescente, venis interno-discoideis fasciolisque dis-
coideis nigris, characteribus aliis velut supra positis,

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (aPEIL) .

10 Mr. A. G. Butler on a New Hestina.

at pallide olivaceis ; corpus nigrum^ albo-maculatum :
proboscis fulva.

Exp. alar. unc. 2, lin. 10.

Habitat in Oriente (regione speciali incognita) .

This beautiful little species is most nearly allied to
Hestina Mena of Moore ; it is probably intermediate
between that species and the assimilis of Linnaeus, and
is smaller than any species yet described ; in general form
perhaps it is most like Folder's Japonica {Diagoras,
Hewits.) .

The collection from which this butterfly was obtained
was made in various localities ; it contained several
species from the Continent of Iiidia, and others from
some of the Eastern islands in which local modifications
of Danais juventa occur. On the mimetic theory, the
Hestina ought to inhabit the same country as the species
which it mimics. A specimen in the Hope Collection is
labelled ''E. Indies.''

( 11 )

III. Description of a new Genus and jSjjecies of Prionidse.
By Edmund Thomas Higgins,

[Read 15th February, 1889.]
I TRUST that no apology will bo considered necessary on
my part, for presenting to the Society an isolated de-
scription of a Coleopterous Insect, when it is considered
that it is remarkable in many respects, and forms a new
genus, the publication of which will help students to
understand the relationship of the allied forms more
clearly than would be possible without the knowledge of
this form. It is a member of the Longicorn family
Prionidce, and tends to conriect the AcantJiopJiorus group
(see PI. II. fig. 2) of the Old World, with the DerobracJms
group (see fig. 3) of the New World.

Ommatomenus, nov. gen.

Genus AcantUoplioro et Borycerce affine, a quibus differt,
inter alia, oculis (cJ) infra contiguis, supra valde
approsimatis,
S . MandibulaB breves, minus latse, extus vix rotunda-
tge, apice arcuatee et valde acutee. Palpi breves,
maxillares labialibus vix longiores, articulis ultimis
subcylindi'icis, truncatis. Antennee longitudine cor-
poris, articulis 3-10 apice intus valde productis et
minutissime punctatis, opacis. Thorax transversus,
lateribus utrinque valde trispinosis ; spinis duabus
anterioribus depressis, latis, basi concretis. Elytra
elongato-elliptica, angulis suturalibus spinosis. Pro-
sternum lanceolatum, apice coxas anticas superante
et deorsum spectante. Pedes graciles, femoribus lin-
earibus, tibiis supra et infra profunde canaliculatis,
tarsis posticis angustis, articulo tertio lobis gracili-
bus mucronatis.
This genus is distinguished from Tithoes and Acantho-
pliorus, two other genera of the same group, by its volu-
minous eyes, nearly meeting above and beneath ; from
Dorycera (White) it differs in the form of the body and
presternum, and in other characters. It presents a great
resemblance to species of DerobracJms from Mexico, both
in the form of its eyes, the spines of the thorax, and the
shape of the antennal joints.

I may remark that the formation of a new genus is
indicated, in a note under Dorycera^ in Lacordaire'a
* As mentioned by Lacordaire, Mr. Adam White's name Dorycera is
pre-occupied by Meigen for a genus of Diptera.

teans. ent. soc. 1869. — pakt i. (apeil) .

12 Mr. E. T. Higgins ow Ommatomenus.

''Genera/' vol. viii, p. 71, as necessary for the reception
of AcanthopJwrus megalops, described by Mr. Adam White
in the first part of the British Museum Catalogue of
Longicorns; this is a fine insect^ from Fernando Po,
which, I have satisfied myself from examination of the
type in the British Museum, with the valuable aid of
Mr. Charles 0. Waterhouse, is congeneric with the new
species described below.

Ommatomenus seeicatus, n. sp. (PI. II. fig. 1) .

(J . Long, (mandib. exclusis) 29-34 lin.
Elongato-ellipticus, paulo convexus ; saturate casta-
neus, antennis basi nigris. Caput crebre subtiliter
punctatum ; fronte concava, punctata, sericeo-fulvo-
pubescente. Thorax supra paulo insequalis, subtiliter
punctatus, dense sericeo-fulvo-pubescens; disco an-
tico spinisque nudis. Scutellum pentagonum, in me-
dio subtiliter punctatum, marginibus laavibus. Elytra
ante medium paulo rotundato-ampliata, apicem versus
angustata, angulis suturalibus breviteracuto-spinosis,
supra subtiliter coriacea, opaca et punctulata, hu-
meris punctato-rugosis ; plagis confluentibus sericeo-
fulvis ornata. Sterna omnia dense sericeo-fulvo-
pubescentia; abdomen nudum, nitidum, segmento
ultimo transverse, late emarginato.
The body is of an elongate elliptical shape, dilated
behind the middle of the elytra, and very moderately
convex ; the colour is dark chesnut brown, with the basal
part of the antennae black. The head is finely and closely
punctured, with the front concave and clothed with silky
fulvous hairs: the hind part of the crown has not the
well-marked ridge which distinguishes Ommatomenus
megalops (White) . The thorax is a little uneven above,
and very finely punctate, not rugose-punctate, as in 0.
megalops. The sutural angles of the elytra are furnished
with a short acute spine ; above, the elytra are of a
leathery texture, and marked with numerous very fine
punctures ; there are a few coarser punctures near the
shoulders; the surface is opaque, and adorned with
numerous patches of fine silky reddish-fulvous pubes-
cence, which has a rich glow in certain lights. The
sterna are densely clothed with longish silky fulvous pile,
but the abdomen is smooth and shining.

Obtained from near the mouth of the JN'iger, by Mr.
Simpson.

( 13)

IV. On a neiv genus and some new species of Coleoptera,
belonging to the family Lucauidge. By Charles
O, Watekhouse,

[Bead 1st March, 1869.]

I WISH to bring before the Entomological Society's notice
this evening, four species of Goleoptera, belonging to the
family Lucanidos, which I believe to be as yet undescribed.

One of these, although by no means the most remark-
able at first sight, possesses such peculiarities as to make
it necessary to form a new genus for its reception.

This insect, which is from Northern India (I believe
from the Cashmere district, although I have no precise
locality) is entirely dullish black, and its general appear-
ance led me at first to seek its place near Dorcus, but
finding it differently constructed, I next referred it to
and left it in the genus Cladognathus. Upon farther
examination, however, I find that the mentum is unlike
that of any other species of Lticanidoi that I have examin-
ed; the eye is moreover entirely divided by the canthus,
a character quite strange to Chidogvatlnis and to the
other genera with which it could possibly be associated ;
the produced portion of the presternum between the
coxEe is very narrow and grooved, a character, I believe,
without a parallel in the Liicanidce ; and finally, the pos-
terior tibise are much enlarged at the apex, which is only
to be found in the genus Lucamis, and even there, the
enlargement does not, except in the females, exist to
such an extent as in the insect now in question. I
therefore propose to make a new genus of it, and to call
it Axdacostetlms, which may be briefly characterized as
follows : —

AuLACOSTETHUs, gen. nov.

Mentum broader than long, bowed in front, with the
posterior angles rounded ; eyes entirely divided by the
canthus, which is slender; prosternum between the an-
terior coxae narrow, with parallel sides, longitudinally
canaliculate ; the four posterior tihice much enlarged at
the apex, each furnished on the outside in the middle
with a small tooth ; tarsi somewhat short, the basal four
joints of each furnished beneath at the extreme apex
with two pencils of fine bristles.

TEANS. ENT. SOC._1869. — PART I. (APEIL) .

14 Mr. C. 0. Waterhouse on

Aulacosteihus Arclieri, sp. nov. (PI. III. fig. 1) .

$. Niger, sub-opacus; niaiidibulis elongatis, intus
bidentatis ; capite subquadrato, depresso^ antice
contractOj fronte excavata, lateribus fortiter rugoso-
punctatis ; oculis omuino a cantlio divisis; thorace
transverso, lateribus sub-rectis, angulis posticis
oblique truncatis, marginibus anterioribus et poster-
ioribus elytrorumque basi rugoso-punctatis ; tibiis
anticis apicibus fortiter bidentatis, et extus denticulis
quatuor armatis ; tibiis posticis extus in medio uni-
dentatis, apicibus singulariter ampliatis; prosterno
longitudinaliter carinato.

Long, (mandibulis exclusis) 17^ liu. (37 mill.); man-
dib. 1\ lin. (16 mill.).

Black, somewhat dull. Head flattened, one quarter as
broad again as long, slightly narrowed towards the front
to the insertion of the antenna, then suddenly contracted,
forehead excavated, projecting over the clypeus, which
is transverse and gently emarginate ; the head is con-
tracted posteriorly to be received into the thoi"ax, the
posterior mai'gin and the portions over the base of the
mandibles shining, the rest of the surface rendered dull
by extremely tine granulations, on the disc there are a
few larger punctures, and towards the sides and the parts
about the eyes punctured, a patch reaching from the eyes
almost to the posterior angles of the head, very rugosely
punctured. Mandibles about equal in length to the head
and thorax together, very gently curved, with a large
blunt tooth springing froin the upper surface, distant
from the base about one third the length of the mandible,
another smaller tooth, also springing from the upper
surface, being situate near the apex of the mandible,
gives it the appeai^ance of being bifid. Mentum twice and
a half as broad as long, slightly convex, with the basal
portion in the middle depressed ; rounded in front, the
posterior angles rounded, slightly overlapping the sub-
mentum, the whole surface coarsely transversely reticulate.
The 8th, 9th, and 10th joints of the antennee forming the
club, the 8th joint half spongy, the 9th and 10th entirely
so. Thorax twice as broad as long, posterior angles
obliquely truncate in front, bis-emarginate ; sides rounded
at the anterior angles, gently contracted posteriorly, and
again projecting at the truncature of the angles, posterior

some New Species of Lucanidoe. 15

margin almost straight^ tlie disc somewhat shining, to-
wards the sides the surface is rendered dull by extremely
fine granulations, anterior border strongly margined, and
with the margin towards the sides rugosely punctured ;
side and posterior margins incrassate, the sides of the
thorax sparingly but distinctly punctured, the posterior
margins rugosely punctured. Scutellum broader than
long, with the apex rounded, with a few small punctures.
Elytra semi- opaque, broadest at the basal quarter, then
gradually conti-acting to the apex, the extreme base
rugosely punctured, the whole surface, except the suture
and near the scutellum, thickly covered with very minute
granules, an indistinct smooth line reaches from the
shoulder nearly to the apex. Anterior tibice distinctly
punctured, the punctures inclined to form longitudinal
rows, the apex of the tibite is produced beyond the
insertion of the tarsus to the third joint, the produced
part turned outwards, bifurcate ; the outer edge of the
tibias armed with four small teeth, the basal one very
small ; the four posterior tibiae coarsely punctured, mucla
enlarged at the apex, which is terminated by three strong
teeth ; * each tibia armed with a small sharp tooth on
the outside near the middle. Tarsi somewhat short, the
basal four joints of each furnished beneath at the extreme
edge with two pencils of fine fulvous bristles. Prostermim
between the anterior coxse narrow, parallel, deeply
longitudinally grooved.

Hah. — N. India. In the British Museum.

The British Museum is indebted to S. Archer, Esq.,
Assistant Surgeon, H. M. 98th Eegiment, for this and
some other interesting Indian Coleoptera. It is possible
that the species above described may be known to some
by the MS. name Gladognathiis Batesii.'f

The next insect I have to mention is a species of Cla^
dognatJnis closely resembling inclinatus of Motschulsky,
from which it may be distinguished by its slightly greater

* One of the posterior tibiae has four teeth, the central one of the usual
three being divided.

f [This is doubtless the insect which in vol. iii. (dated 1868) of Gem-
minger and Von Harold's " Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descrip-
torum " is cited as " Cladognathus Bcdesi,Favi-y, Trans. Ent. Sec, 1869."
The reference by anticipation to this volume has shared the common fate
of prophetic utterances. — Sec. Ent. Soc]

16 Mr. C. 0. WateriiousQ on

convexity and sliining appearance ; the mandibles have
only two distinct teeth; the forehead is not furnished
with a horizontal lamina, and the head behind the eyes
is simply inflated and not triangularly prodaced. The
exact locality of the specimen from which I have drawn
up my description is not known ; it is either Japan or the
Indian Archipelago. The specimen is lent me by Major
Parry, who brought it me for description with the MS.
name C, MotseJmlskU.

CladognatJms MotscliuIsMi (Parry), sp.nov.

Elongatus, subdepressus, punctatissimus, subnitidus,
nigro-castaneus ; capite subquadrato, postice angulis
nuUis, fronte excavata, angulis ante oculos prominu-
lis; clypeo concave, quadrato, lateribus parallelis,
angulis anticis oblique truncatis, apice emarginato;
mandibulis elytrormn longitudiue vix brevioribus,
inclinatis, intus clentibus duobus majoribus et 2-3
parvis armatis ; thorace capite latiore, transverse,
convesiore, lateribus vix rotundatis ; elytris angulis
humeralibus obtusis ; tibiis anticis quatuor spinulosis,
mediis unispinosis, posticis inermibus ; prosterno
postice vix compresso.

Long, (mandib. exclusis) 16| lin. (35 mill.) ; mandib.
aiin. (17 mill.).

This species very much resembles in general form and
colour the C. incllnaius of Motschulsky (Etudes Ent.
pt. 10, 1861, p. 13). The mandibles, however, are less
deflexed, and are furnished with two larger teeth, one
rather below the middle, and another near the apex ;
between these there are indications of two or three small
teeth, and between the second and the apex there are
two small teeth. The foi-ehead is more deeply excavated,
and is not provided with a horizontal lamina between the
mandibles as in C. inclinatiis ; the clypeus has the sides
straight, the front margin formed of two lines which
would meet at an obtuse angle, if the vertex were not
slightly emarginate. The sides of the head behind the
eyes are nearly straight, the posterior angles completely
rounded. The head is less depressed, the surface is more
finely granular, the disc being slightly impressed and

some New Species of Liicanicke. 17

smooth. The thorax is slightly more convex, the sides
are rather less parallel, but scarcel/ rounded ; the surface
is more finely granulo.^e, the dis3 being almost smooth,
sparingly punctured with distinct punctures. The elytra
are smoother, and the specimen before me has the humeral
angles obtuse. 'Jlie tibise arc shorter and stouter, the
anterior tibiae, besides the usual bifurcate apex, are fur-
nished with one distinct tooth only near the apex. The
apex of the posterior tibia3 is enlarged above. The
presternum, which is produced behind the anterior coxEe,
although slightly compressed, is not lamelliform as in
C. inclinatus.

Hah. — Japan ? or Indian Archipelago. In Major
Parry's Collection.

The next insect is another species of Cladognathvs,
closely allied to C. MacleUandi , with the type specimen
of which Major Parry (who called my attention to this
also) compared his examples, and considers them to be
distinct. There are two specimens ( $ and ? ) in the
National Collection, and I have drawn up my description
from them. I may mention that Major Parry received
this insect with the name 0. MacleUandi; he proposes
the name of impressus for it.

Cladognatlius impressus (Parry), sp. nov.

$ . (var. minor ?) . Rufo-castaneus, nigrescens, parum
convexus, nitidus ; capite transverse, subtiliter
granuloso, punctis sparsis intermixtis, ante oculos
parum triangulariter producto, pone oculos rotun-
dato, fossa inter mandibula et oculos impresso ; fronto
leniter concava; clypeo hexagono. Thorace trans-
verso, subtilissime granuloso, punctis parvis efc
sparsis intermixtis, disco subleevi, angulis posticis
oblique truncatis, angulo a truncatione et latere
formato producto. Elytris rufo-castaneis, sutura et
circum scutellum nigrescentibus, dense punctatjs,
arcuatim attenuates, basi thorace angustiori. Tibiis
anticis apice bifurcatis, oxtus subserratis, dentibua
parvis 5-6 armatis ; posterioribus quatuor extus ill
medio dente parvo armatis ; tarsis fuscis.

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (APEIL) . C

18 Mr. C. 0. WaterHouse on

Long, (inandib. esclusis) 9^ lin. (191 mill.) j mandib.
U lin. (3 mill.) ; lat. 4^ lin. (8f mill.).

9 . Angustior ; mandibulis brevibus, intus uniden-
tatis ', capite fortiter denseque punctato, vertice
la3vi, inter oculos et mandibula elevatione parva
laevi, ante oculos contractor antice truncate ; clypeo
parvo, transverse, angulis rotundatis ; tliorace disco
fortiter et sparsiin punctate, lateribus parallelis
dense fortiterque punctatis, angulis posticis trun-
catis ; elytris disco sparsira, latera versus dense
punctulatis, lateribus apiceque fortiter punctatis j
tibiis anticis punctatis, excurvatis, apicibus triden-
tatis, extus 1-2 denticulatis.

Long, (cum mandib.) 8 lin. (17 mill.) ; lat. 3^ lin.
(7* mill.).

Hab. — India. In tbe British Museum.

The S in the British Museum is from East India, the
? from North India.

The last insect I have to mention belongs to the genus
ChiasognatJtus, and should, perhaps, have been mentioned
first. The form of the mandibles, which, when viewed
laterally, somewhat resemble a small greek t, the granu-
lation of the elytra, and yellow colour, and the curiously
bowed middle tibiae, will serve to distinguish the (J,
whilst the evenly rounded sides of the thorax will separate
the ? from the other species of the genus.

Cldasognatlius pernvianus, sp. nov. (PI. III. figs. 2, 3).

(J . ^neus, fuscescens ; mandibulis basi supra sub-
tusque fortiter unidentatis, et apicibus intus denti-
culo armatis ; capite, thorace, scutello, corpore toto
subtus, femoribusque flavo-pubescentibus ; elytris
cupreis, purpureo-micantibus, sub-opacis ; tibiis an-
ticis Eeneis, basi flavis, incurvatis, apicibus biden-
tatis, intermediis valgis, flavis, extus unidentatis,
posticis basi et in medio coustrictis, flavis, apicibus
fuscis, extus unidenticulatis.

Long, (mandib. exclusis) , 1 unc. (26 mill.) : mandib.
31 lin. (8 mill.)

some Neiu Species of Liicanulce. 19

? . Litior, mandibulis brsvibuSj basi estus obtuse
dentatis ; thorace latsribus fortiter rotundatis ; elytris
ssaescentibus, ragulosis ; tibiis anticis latis, extus
quadridentatis^ quatuoi- posticis rectis, extus fortius
unidentatis.

Long, (cum inandib.) 13. t liu. (28 mill.) .

(^ . .^iieous, slightly tinged with coppery-brown.
Head transverse, with a transverse impression between
the eyes; the portion of the head behind this impression,
and that about the eyes, almost without punctures ; the
disc closely punctured ; the sides of the head almost
parallel, the anterior angles rectangular, anterior margin
furnished above the base of each mandible with a tubercle,
the portion between them, and on each side of them,
emarginate. Mandibles deflexed, of equal length with
the thorax, thickly punctured, somewhat straight, the
apices acuminate, cui'vod inwards -, the extreme base of
each mandible furnished above and below with a strong*
acuminate tooth, the upper one the larger, very little
punctured, slightly sloping inwards; the inner blade of
the mandible armed above with a small tooth near the
apex. Maxillary palpi very long, the last joint one-third
longer than the penultimate. Thorax convex, one-third
broader than long, not broader in front than the head,
but gradually increasing in width posteriorly, the hind
angles much rounded. Elytra three-quarters as broad
as long, somewhat dull, of a coppery-brown colour,
faintly tinged with purple; the sides are sub-parallel,
slightly constricted below the shoulders; the whole sur-
face is slightly uneven, very thickly and finely granulose-
punctate. The femora and the apical half of the anterior
tibioi are dark, shot with ajneous and purple. The an-
terior tibis?^. are elongate, slightly curved inwards, with
two strong teeth on the outside at the apex, the basal
half of these tibia3 yellow; middle and posterior tibiae
yellow, except at the apex, the former much curved,
furnished on the outside near the apex with a small dark
tooth ; the posterior tibi^ nearly straight, constricted at
the base and in the middle, furnished on the outside,
near the apex, with a very small dark tooth. Tarsi long,
fuscous.

The $ differs from the r? in being relatively broader j
the mandibles are short, punctate, strongly triangularly

20 Mr. C. 0. Waterliouse on Luccmidce.

dilated on the outside at the base ; the head is formed
ne:irly as in the rT, but with the sides less straight, the
anterior angles slightly obtuse, the punctuation is thicker;
the thorax is shorter, with the sides completely rounded,
the diss is smooth, and the punctuation of the impression
finer, the posterior part being finely punctured ; the
elytra are geneoiis, the surface is less even ; the anterior
tibiae are shorter, broad, with the base fuscous, furnished
on the outside with three strong teeth, and one or two
smaller ones near the base; the four posterior tibiae are
straight, shorter and stouter, the external teeth being
stronger.

Eah. — Peru, (S and $ , in the British Museum.

Explanation of Plate III.

Fig. 1. Aulacostethus Archeri ; la, mentum ; 1 b, prostemum.

2. Chios orjnathus x>eruvianus, $ .

3. „ „ , ?.

8c. „ „ , side \iew of mandible of <J ,

( 21 )

V. On Insects and Insectivorous Birds ; and especially
on the Relation between the Colour and the Edibility
of Lepidoptera and their Larvce. By J. Jennee
Weie, F.L.S.

[Read 1st March, 1869.]

During the past Summer I made several experiments,
as suo-o-ested bv Mr. Alfred E. Wallace, with a view to
ascertain what species of Insects are eaten by Birds ; and,
on the contrary, what species are rejected.

Although the observations I am about to detail have
only recently been made for a special object, yet my
knowledge of the relations which exist in many cases
between birds and insects extends over a period of more
than thirty years.

The difficulty of keeping alive purely insectivorous
birds in captivity is so great, that I have been obliged to
restrict myself to those whose food is of a mixed character,
and which thrive in confinement.

I have, therefore, relied mainly on the following
species, viz. : —

The Robin, Erithaca ruhecula.

„ Yellow-hammer, Emberiza ciirinella.

„ Reed Bunting, Emhcriza schceniclus.

„ Bullfinch, Fyrrhida vulgaris.

„ Chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs.

„ Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra.

,, Thrush, Tiirdns musicus.

„ Tree Pipit, An thus arhoreus.

And in a less degree, on

The Siskin, Carduelis spinus.
And The Redpoll, Linaria minor.

Within the limits of the order Lepidoptera, the follow-
ing results have been obtained.

The apterous female of Orgyia antiqiia is the only
Lepidopterous insect I have found to be entirely rejected
in the perfect st ite ; this I distinctly saw refused, after
examination, by both the Robin and Read Bunting, and
it was quite disregarded by the other species;

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (aPEIL) .

22 Mr. J. Jonner Weir on

The imago of Smlosnma vientliadri was refused by the
Ballfineh and Chaffinch ; picked np by the Yellow-
hammer, but dropped ; tiisted by the Reoi Banting, but
not relished, and soon dropped ; the latter bird, however,
attracted by the fluttering insect, returned to it, and
ultimately swallowed it. Soilosoma meutJiastri was also
eaten by the Robin. I had been led to expect that this
insect would bo refused by all the birds ; it was certainly
not eaten with avidity, but on the contrary, after much
hesitation.

All perfect Lo,}nclo]}tera apparently require preparation
before they arc swallowed by birds ; they are taken be-
tween the mandibles, shaken and bruised for a minute
or two, and generally have the wings removed before
they are eaten. This often afibrds a strong moth a good
chance of escape, and such day-flying species as the genus
Triphcena, which jump about in ajerking manner, and soon
conceal themselves amongst the herbage, would, in a state
of nature, almost always slip away from their tormentors.
I have, even on the floor of my aviary, seen the struggle
between the bird and the insect prolonged for several
minutes. Triphama lyroiniba is very slippery, and the
flight is but little impeded by the partial destruction of
the under-wings, which by their yellow colour attract the
bird^s attention, and are, therefore first attacked, and,
perhaps, mutilated ; so that the difliculty of its capture
compensates for its greater liability to pursuit, owing to
its diurnal habits.

Other brightly-coloured day-flying Bcterocera, such as
Anthrocera Jilipenclidce, which ill no way attempts con-
cealment, and is of sluggish habits, were unwillingly
eaten, but I am by no means inclined to attach undue
import:ince to this fact, because the birds, being- in con-
finement, and deprived mainly of their usual insect food,
might readily be expected to eat insects, which, in a
state of nature, with a less limited choice, they would
reject.

It is characteristic of many genera of day-flying Lejn-
doptera Hcterocera, that they have brightly-coloured, and
more or less ornamented under-wings, and very dull
gray or brown up]3er-wings, quite concealing the former
when at rest ; these under-wings are of various colours,
for instance, silvery in Agrotis ; yellow in Triphcena,
Anarta, and other genera ; crimson, red, or blue ia
Catocala and CallimorjjJta.

Insects and Insectivorous Birds. 23

f~ I feel quite satisfied from actual experiment^ that this
distribution of colour is a great advantage to ihsse
diurnal species in the struggle for existence.

As before reraai'kei, the bird seizes the most conspi-
cuous part, which is very fragile ; thus giving the insect
another chance of escape, with a small notch only out of
the under-wing. I once saw Triphcena fimbria in broad
daylight rise to a great height, pursued by a swallow,
which made several inefi'ectual attempts to seize it, and
it certainly eflfected its escape ; the swallow giving up
the pursuit, completely baffled.

I have also seen a moth, Macaria notata, fly very fairly
with only the two fore-wings developed, not, perhaps,
quick enough to avoid such a swift bird as the swallow,
but sufficiently to enable this wood-haunting species to
reach a thicket in safety.

The sudden manner in which the brilliantly coloured
under- wings are displayed, is another great advantage to
the insect ; the bird is startled, and draws back ; and
before it recovers its surprise, the prey escapes.

The flight of the TripJicence, and their mode of unex-
pectedly rising from, and quickly dropping into, the
herbage, and concealing themselves, is exactly the same
as that of some species of European grasshoppers belong-
ing to the genus CEdipoda, which also display bright
crimson or blue under-wings, combined with earthy
coloured upper-wings ; and I have no doubt are benefited
in the same manner by a similar distribution of colours.

The results obtained with the larv£B and pupge of Lepi-
doptera were of a more decisive and satisfactory character.

I found that all hairy caterpillars were uniformly
uneaten. The species experimented with were Arctia
caja, Eriogaster lanestris, Porthesia auriflua, and Orgyia
antiqua ; none of these species were even examined by
the birds, and were permitted to crawl about the aviary
for days with impunity.

I am disposed to consider that the flavour of all these
larvee is nauseous, and not that the mechanical trouble-
someness of the hairs prevents their being eaten.

In order to throw some light on this point, I made an
experiment with Spilosoma menthastri ; this species in
the larval state is always rejected, but being fortunate

2'4« Mr. J, Jenner Weir on

onoilgh to obtxin about one hundrecl young larvse a few
•liours old, having* indeed only just emerged from the
egg, I introduced them into the avairy on their natal
leaf. The movement of the little creatures soon attracted
the notice of a Siskin ; the bird tasted one of the minute
caterpillars, shook its beak as if it were disagreeable,
and left the rest undisturbed ; a Redpoll followed, bnt
. the result was the same. A West- African insectivorous
Finch, Textor erythrorhynchus, next tried their flavour,
but soon left them, evidently not liking it. No further
molestation took place, and the minute larvas remained
undisturbed.

I cannot think that, in this case, the rejection arose
from the hairiness of the larvse. I imagine that it was
caused by their disagreeable flavour, and that the birds
were deceived into tasting them, because the character-
istic warning hairs were undeveloped ; and that, on the
other hand, when the caterpillars are more developed,
the hairs serve as a caution to the birds, that the larvae
so clothed are uneatable.

The results obtained with spined larvse were very
similar, and the deductions I make are the same. The
larvEe experimented on were those of Vanessa urtica^, and
Vanessa lo; these species both, as is well known, feed
on the tops of JJvtica clioica, without any attempt at con-
cealment ; the larvse wore utterly disregarded by all the
birds, and were allowed to crawl about the aviary for
days. The metallic looking chrysalides of the two species
were also invariably rejected, thus showing that the
.spines were not the cause of the uneatableness of the
larvse.

Larvse which spin webs, and are gregarious, are eaten
by birds, but not with avidity ; they appear very much
to dislike the web sticking to their beaks, and those
completely concealed in the web are left unmolested.
When branches covered with the web of Hyponomeuta
cvonymclla were introduced into the aviary, those larvse
only which ventured beyond the protection of the web
•were eaten.

The experiments I was anxious to try were those with
smooth-skinned, gaily-coloured caterpillars, which never
conceal themselves, but, on the contrary, appear to court
observation.

Iniecis and Insectivorotis- Birds, 25

My first experiment was with the larvae of Ahraxas
grossuJariata ; and in order that the birds might be fairly-
attracted towards them, I placed them on a shelf in the
aviary amongst other eatable species. I watched the
birds carefully ; they soon ate up all the well-relished
and dull-coloured species, but left Ahraavs grossulariata
untouched. I quitted the aviary for some hours, but on
my return, they were still crawling about unmolested.

The same result followed the experiments with Diloha
cceruleocephala, and Anthrocera filvjpendulce, both con-
spicuous species in the lai^val state.

I was most desirous to try the larvae of the genus
Cucullia, and at last succeeded in getting several of
C'ucidlia vtrhasci of different sizes. These larvae, as is
well known, feed on the leaves of Verhascwn thapsus, and
are most beautifully coloured With bright blue, yellow,
and black ; and their skins are perfectly smooth. It
appeared to me that experiments with this species
would be conclusive ; and I confess to feeling very ex-
cited when I made them. I had however the pleasure of
finding that this crucial test did not fail. The larvce
were placed on the feeding shelf one afternoon. I found
them there after dinner, and the next day some were
still living, and quite-rmnrole&ted.

I will now add a few words on those larvse which are
eaten greedily by birds, and my remarks on the subject
will be brief; it will be unnecessary to detail all the
experiments made, as the results are easily generalized.

All caterpillars whose habits are nocturnal, dull-
coloured, with fleshy bodies and smooth skins, are eaten
with the greatest avidity.

Every species of green caterpillar is also much
relished.

All Geometrce, whose larvas resemble twigs as they
stand out from the plant on their anal prologs, are in-
variably eaten.

To sum up, I have quite satisfied myself that insecti-
vorous birds, as a general rule, the Cuckoo, perhaps,
being an exception, refuse to eat hairy larvae, spinous
larvEe, and all those whose colours are very gay, and
which rarely, or only accidentally, conceal themselves.

On the other hand, they eat with great relish, all
smooth-skinned larvEe of a green or dull-brown colour,
which are nearly always nocturnal in their habits, or

^6 Mr. Weir on Insectivorous Birds.

mimic the colour or appearance of the plant they
frequent.

I propose, during the coming Summer, to continue
my investigations, and shall feel grateful to any of the
Members who may kindly send me living insects for
experiment.

{21)

VI. Fcmarls vpon certain Caterpillars, ^'c, ivJiich are
unpalatable to their enemies. By A. G. Butlee,
F.L.S., &c.

[Bead 1st March, 1S69.]

As I understood that my friend Mr. Jenner Weir was
intending to bring forward this evening the results of
his experiments in regard to the insect-food of birds, I
thought it might not be out of place to bring together
such facts as I have myself observed, with regard to the
rejection of certain larvas and imagines by lizards, frogs,
and spiders.

In the year 1863, I purchased three green lizards
{Lacerta viriclis) which I turned into a glass case, out of
doors ; this vivarium measured one yard square, and had
been especially constructed with a view to keeping
reptiles ; I had so arranged the plants, and modelled
the earth in this case, that the lizards might well suppose
themselves to be at liberty, and I have no doubt they
did so ; they ate enormously, so much so indeed, that I
made a note of the number of victims devoured by them
between the 3rd and 13th of July, 1863, which was as
follows : — " 119 large flies {Eristalis vulpinns) , numerous
bluebottles, house-flies, and caterpillars (chiefly Mamcstra
hrassicm and Phragmatohia fulicjinosa) , 3 humble bees
[Boinhus terrcstris) , and 14 white butterflies [Pieris hras-
sicoi and rapai) ."

Notwithstanding their eagerness for food of all kinds,
from a lemon-cheesecake to a spider, there were some
catei'pillars, and even moths, which they would seize
only to drop in disgust ; amongst these, all that I
especially took note of at the time, were the caterpillar
of Abraxas (jrossulariata-, and the imago of Avthrocera
filipemJidce ; I bred a hundred of the latter species in the
year 1864, to try and establish a colony of them at South
Kensington, and though I repeatedly turned crippled
specimens into my lizard-house, none were ever swal-
lowed ; a lizard might spring at the insect when intro-
duced, but after a severe pinch, which did not disable
it, but disgusted its captor, it was flung away, and not
again disturbed.

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PABT I. (APEIL) .

28 Mr. A. G. Butler on

As with the lizards, so it was with frogs. My lizards
being all dead, early in the year 18i38, I turned two
frogs into the case, and fed them almost daily with cater-
pillars, &c., from the garden ; the result of my experi-
ments with the larvEe of Abraxas grossulariata and Halia
vauaria are noted in tlie "Entomologist's Monthly Ma-
gazine " for October last, as follows : —

When the frogs " first became aware of the introduc-
tion of the caterpillars, they seemed greatly excited,
sprang forwards, and licked them eagerly into their
mouths ; no sooner, however, had they done so, than
they seemed to become aware of the mistake that they
had made, and sat with gaping mouths, rolling their
tongues about, until they had got quit of the nauseous
morsels, which seemed perfectly uninjured, and walked
off as briskly as ever.'"

The same thing' may be said of another insect perse-
cutor, the spider; the rejection of these two caterpillars
by my frogs, induced me to try whether spiders would
show a similar aversion to them. I repeatedl}^ put them
into the webs both of the geometrical and hunting
spiders [Ereiha dUidema and Lycosa, species ?) ; but in the
former case, they were cut out, and allowed to drop ; in
the latter, after disappearing in the jaws of their captor
down his dark silken funnel, they invariably re-appeared
either from below, or else taking long strides up the
funnel again.

Thus, in three instances, I have proved the same
caterpillars to be distasteful to insect persecutors ; surely
such evidence may be looked upon as conclusive of the
fact, that some species have an advantage over others, and,
therefore, are more likely to survive in the great struggle
for existence : it is well known that Abraxas grossnlarinta,
Halia vauaria, and AntJirocera fiUpcndnJce are three of the
commonest of our British Moths, and here is one reason
why they are so common ; with regard to the two former
species, it is true that the perfect insect is greedily
devoured, where the laiwa is rejected ; but when we
remember that the larval state is the most subject to
mortality from surrounding causes, such a fact only
tends to explain how it is that these species have not
become a perfect plague.

The caterpillars of Abraxas grossidariata wer3 more
distasteful to my lizards than were the large stinging

Caterpillars which are unpalatahlc. 29

bees; for I have seen the latter fought with, rubbed
against the ground until powerless, and, finally, de-
voured ; this, however, generally occurred when the
lizards were hungry ; though I have seen a frog, sitting
composedly u]5on a bed of stoue-crop, leap up aud catch
the bees which flew over his bead, and swallow them
in utter disregard of their stings ; how this is to be
explained I am at a loss to say ; all I know is, that such
was certainly the case.

I hope that the facts I have adduced may be of some
little use in supporting those which my friend Mr. Weir
has observed.

(31 )

VII. VosQriptions of tivo new Species of Papilio frovi
Ecuador. By W. C. Hewitson, F.L.S.

[Read ISth March, 1869.]

I AM indebted for these two species of TapiUo to a
kind friend, Mr. James Backhouse, of York, who re-
ceived them from his collector in Ecuador.

1. Papilio Philetas.

Male. Upperside. Dark green : the fringe with
lunular white spots, broad and conspicuous on the pos-
terior wing. Anterior wing crossed beyond the middle
by a furcate band of green-yellow spots, which com-
mences in two places near the costal margin, and unit-
ing at the second disco-cellular nervule, is continued in
five hastate spots to the anal angle. Posterior wing
with a submarginal band of pale green spots, the first of
which at the costal margin is linear.

Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that there
are two rays of green from the base, that the spots of the
band are much larger, and that the whole of the wing
from the band to the apex is irrorated with green. Pos-
terior wing with the basal half thickly irrorated with
green, the nervures through it black, the outer half of
the wing dark green, first marked by pale green striae,
crossed below these by a band of seven scarlet spots,
with here and there between them irrorations of white ;
these spots are surrounded with purple, and followed by
a second band of six yellow spots : the lunular spots on
the margin broader than above. The abdomen white.

Female. Does not diff"er from the male, except in
having the abdomen dark green.

Exp. 4^ inches.

Hah. — Ecuador.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

It will be seen at once that this very beautiful species
belongs to that section of Papilio which contains Belus
and Crassus.

32 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on Papilio.

2. Fapilio Phalcecus.

Male. Upperside. Very dark green, apparently black
out of a bright light, suffused with purple towards the
outer margin of the posterior wing, the fringe with white
lunules, deeply indented on the posterior wing; it has
o,ne. broad tail. Both wings crossed beyond the middle
by a common band of white tinted with yellow, divided
by the nervures, and so thickly irrorated with black on
the anterior wing, and the lower part of the posterior
wing, as to appear gray; this band commences near
the costal margin of the antei'ior wing by three spots,
which form a triangle ; near the fifth spot on its inner
border there is a small spot of the same colour (more
conspicuous in the female) . Posterior wing with a sub-
marginal baud of six or seven carmine lunular spots,
some of which are scarcely visible.

Underside. As above, except that the carmine spots
are more distinct.

Female. Does not differ from the male, except in its
greater size.

Exp. 3^ inches.

Hah. — Ecuador.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to P. Ascanius.

(33 )

VIII. Descriptions of six neio Species of Diurnal Lepi-
doptera from Nicaragua. By W. C. Hewitson,
F.L.S.

[Bead 15th March, 1869.]

The collection of butterflies recently brought to this
country by Mr. Belt, from Nicaragua, contains twelve
new species. The following are descriptions of six of
them ; belonging to the genera Heliconia, Eresia, Euba'
gis, Hcetera, Mesosemia, and Nymphidium.

1. Heliconia Diotrephes.

Upperside (except the apex of the anterior wing,
which is dark brown), blue-green, the outer margins
spotted with white. Anterior wing with the central
half nearly white, and a spot within the cell which forms
part of it, pure white, divided by very fine black ner-
vures : a submarginal series of indistinct white spots.
Posterior wing with three apical white spots.

Underside as above, except that it is dark brown :
that the anterior wing has a submarginal band of rather
large white spots : that the postei-ior wing has the costal
margin (except the base, which is yellow), and two
bands which cross the wing (one of which is parallel to
the costal margin, and the other to the outer margin) ,
brick-red ; a linear white spot on the costal margin at
the apex, the three apical spots as above, and a submar-
ginal series of white spots in pairs.

Exp. d^ inches.

Ha h . — Nicaragua .

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species is very nearly allied to H. Galanthus of
Bates, but differs from it on the underside, in having a
submarginal series of white spots on the anterior wing,
and in having the base of the posterior wing yellow.

2. Eresia Alsina.

Female. Upperside. Dark brown. Anterior wing
with a broad band from the base : crossed obliquely by
three bands, the first of which (the longest) , before the
middle, is divided into four by the nervures, the second

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869.— PART I. (APRIL). D

34 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on

beyond the middle divided into five, and the third near
the apex trifid : besides these there is a submarginal
band of five spots, all orange-yellow. Posterior wing
with the costal and outer margins broadly dark brown ;
a submarginal band of seven orange-yellow spots.

Underside as above.

Exp. 2^ inches.

Hah. — Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Most nearly allied to E. Phillyra.

3. Euhagis Sosthenes.

Male. Upperside. Glossy green. Anterior wing
with the outer margin dark brown, widest at the apex
and anal angle. Posterior wing with a large brown
triangular spot at the anal angle, the outer margin dark
brown, narrow.

Underside. Anterior wing rufous-brown, with six large
white spots : three small spots of brilliant light blue, two
within and one outside the cell. Posterior wing white,
crossed by five rufous bands, the first near the base, the
fifth submarginal and united with the fourth at both
margins : two small black spots at the anal angle, one of
which is marked with blue : a linear spot of blue below
this.

Exp. 1^ inch.

Hah. — Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

This species difi'ers little on the underside from E.
Chryseis of Bates.

4. Hcetera polita.

Female. Upperside. Transparent, very glossy on both
sides, the margins dark brown, narrow, the nervures
brown, very fine. Anterior wing crossed by three very
pale brown bands, the first short within the cell, the
second before the middle crosses the cell extending to
near the inner margin below the middle, the third from
the costal margin beyond its middle to the anal angle .
Posterior wing with a submarginal band of pale brown :
a round black eye-like spot at the apex, marked by a
white spot, with a similar white spot on each side of it.

Exp. 2\ inches.

Hah . — Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitaon.

New Diurnal Lepidoptera. 35

5. Mesos&mia Asa.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown. Anterior wing with
the base, which is brilliant blue, marked by a band in the
cell J a spot below it, the usual round eye-like spot (which
has three white dots), and a band below this, all black.
Posterior wing brilliant blue, with a broad dark brown
outer margin.

Underside. Gray-brown. Each wing with the central
black eye bordered with green, with three white dots on
the anterior wing, and one on the posterior wing : pre-
ceded on both wings by a short band of gray and dark
brown, and followed by a similar band which crosses both
wings, by a broad band of dark brown, and a series of
submarginal brown spots.

Female. Dark brown. Anterior wing crossed beyond
the middle by a broad white band : the central black spot
with a band of yellow on each side. Posterior wing mark-
ed as on the underside (but without the central spot),
which does not differ from the male.

Exp. 1 j^ inch.

Hah. — Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Near to M. Telegone, the underside of which is nearly
the same.

6. Nymphidium OncBum.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown, the outer margins
with the usual arched black spots, bordered with white ;
a large triangular space of white common to both wings ;
each wing* with a large orange spot at the anal angle.
Anterior wing with three large orange spots near the
base, and a spot of white at the apex of the large trian-
gular space of white.

Exp. 1^ inch.

Hah. — Nicaragua.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Nearest to N. Lysimon, but differs from the other
species in having conspicuous orange spots near the base
of the anterior wing.

The other new species in Mr. Belt's collection are
small, and must be left for illustration by figures.

(37 )

IX. Contrihutions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon
Valley (Coleoptera^ Prionides) . By H. W. Bates,
F.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Bead 15th March, 1869.]

The following pages contain a description of the genera
and species of Longicorn Coleoptera, Tribe Prionides,
obtained by me in the region of the Amazons^ and are a
continuation of a series of papers commenced in the
Annals and Magazine of Natural History^ in July, 1861.
Those papers completed the tribe Lamiides, leaving for
subsequent publication the tribes Prionides and Ceramly-
cides. My reasons for postponing the continuation of
the workj on the completion of the first part^ were the
want of a general classification of the Longicorns founded
on a study of the whole family, and a conviction of the
inconvenience to science of partial classifications appli-
cable only to a single fauna. Such a classification I was
compelled to invent for the Lamiides group ; which,
although it seemed to suit well the material I had before
me, I afterwards found impossible to reconcile with the
arrangements proposed by other writers, probably equally
well-suited to other faunas. This was especially the case
with the classification adopted by Mr. Pascoe for the
Longicorns of the Malay Archipelago, and the incon-
venience to which I have alluded was felt in this way,
that it was ipapossible, with two such distinct arrange-
ments, to institute those comparisons which all Naturalists
find so interesting, between the faunas of these two equa-
torial regions. The work which all Coleopterists inter-
ested in this family have been so long expecting, the
eighth volume of Lacoi-daire's "Genera" has at length
appeared, containing a new and well-considered classifi-
cation of the family, and there is no longer need to delay
the description of my collections. In so difficult a group
it would be presumptuous to alter this classification,
without a laborious study of material, as large as that
which has been at the command of Professor Lacordaire ;
and to do so in a partial manner would hinder rather
than forward the progress of our knowledge of the
group ; I shall, therefore, adopt it implicitly in the
following descriptions, although I believe, in some
points, it is far from natural in its arrangement.

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (APEIL) .

38 Mr. H. W. Bates on

According to Lacordaire, the Longicorns are divisible
into three tribes ; the Lepturides, formerly considered by
most authors as a fourth tribe, being sunk to the rank of
a subordinate group under the Ceramhycides. Having
traced the successive modifications of the forms allied to
Lepturides, in the order given by Lacordaire, I have
recognized the justice of this arrangement, and the error
of the opinion expressed in the introduction to the
Lamiides of the Amazons, on the same subject. The
Prionides are distinguished from the two other tribes by
the pronotum being distinct from the flanks of the pro-
thorax, and by the anterior coxae lying in transversely-
elongated sockets. In common with the Ceramhycides,
they differ from the Lamiides, by the palpi never termi-
nating in points, and the anterior tibiee being simple
instead of grooved on their inner sides.

The number of Prionides obtained by me from the
Amazons is only twenty- six ; a small proportion of the
whole number found in Tropical America, namely 166.
A great many, however, described from other quarters,
will probably be found to be varieties or opposite sexes
of other species ; in confirmation of which opinion I may
point to the seven false species of one genus only, Pyrodes,
which I have reduced to synonyms in the following
descriptions. But the equatorial plains seem to be less
rich in the group than the borders of the tropics, or the
mountainous regions. The species are mostly nocturnal
in their habits, and of great rarity. When found
in situ, it is generally on the trunks, or under the
bark, of the largest forest trees. They fly abroad at
night, and are sometimes overtaken by a sudden storm,
and cast into lakes or rivers, whence the swell carries
them to the sandy beaches ; several of the species here
recorded have been found under these circumstances.
I have not thought it necessary to insert in the Prionides
the sections and "tribus^^ of Lacordaire; the genera
follow in the order of his classification.

I. Prionides abekrantes.

Genus Parandra.

Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust, et Ins. xi. p. 262.

1. Para7idra gracillima, n. sp.

P. elongata, angustata, mandibula dentibus molaribus
basalibus contiguis, apice tridentatis, orbitu oculorum

Amazonian Prionides. 39

valde elevato acuto^ thorace regulariter et forte an-
gustato ab apice usque ad basin, elytris fortiter punc-
tatis.

Long. S (mandib. incl.) 9 lin.

A distinct species remarkable for the gradual tapering
of the thorax from apex to base ; so that near the base
it is no broader than the length. The mandibles agree
in shape with the group to which P. mandibularis of Perty
belongs, that is, they have in the cJ a very large basal or
molar tooth, the opposing teeth meeting in the centre,
near the apex is an acute tooth, and the apex itself, being
notched, forms two others; above, each mandible has a
sharply-defined triangular depression, and the surface is
rather coarsely punctured, and black. The submentum
is not separated from the gula or throat by an impressed
line ; it is very broad, blackish, opaque, and is covered
with very large and shallow circular pits, the anterior
edge has not a raised border or impressed line, and the
anterior angles are broad, and very obtuse. The orbit
behind the eyes is very abruptly elevated, its upper edge
being above the level of the eyes. The head and thorax
are finely punctured, the elytra coarsely punctured, and
the whole surface less shining than in the allied species.

I took one example only of this species (the only Pa-
randra found on the Amazons) at Ega, under the bark
of a dead tree.

The genus Parandra has been excluded from the family
of Longicorns, by some modern authors, and restored to
its place recently by Lacordaire. It may perhaps be
objected to the arrangement of the latter, that he includes
it in an artificial group termed '' Prionides aherrants/'
with a number of forms such as Hypoceplialus , Sceleocan-
tha, &c., with which it has nothing in common, except
the fact of being aberrant. Parandra would seem rather
to be an extreme development of the Mallodon type of
Prionides; its chief peculiarity, namely, linear tarsi, with
an onychium furnished with two bristles between the
tarsal claws, being lessened in importance by the fact o
a typical Prionid of the Mallodon group, Hystatus,
(Thoms.), possessing a distinct onychium. I have more-
over noticed that the onychium is absent, or extremely
reduced and destitute of bristles, in at least one species,
the North American P. brunnea, F. Another charac-
ter of the genus, the distinct fourth joint of the tarsi.

40 Mr. H. W. Bates on

doubtless arises from the absence of lobes in tlie third
jointj for in all Prionides where these lobes are reduced
in amplitude,, the fourth joint is more or less visible.
JSTo importance is to be attached to the form of the ligula,
this point being excessively variable in the Prionides.

II. Prionides veri.

Cohort 1. Suhterranei.

Genus Psalidognathus.
G. R. Gray, in GrifiBth^s An. King. Ins. ii. 115.

1. Psalidognathus Incas.

P. Incas, Thorns. Arc. Nat. p. 42.
P. Limenius, Erichs. Archiv. fiir Nat. 1847, i. 139, ?.

$ . Ps. cupreo-violaceus ; a femina Ps. Friendii dif-
fert, 1° antenuis articulo 3io rugoso-jDunctato, 2°
elytris magis subtiliter vermiculato-rugosis, et magis
distincte tricostatis, 3° prosterno fortiter scabroso.

One example, a female, obtained at Tabatinga, on the
frontier of Brazil and Peru.

Cohort 2. Sylvani,

Genus Enoplocerus.
Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 146.

1. Enoplocerus armillahis.

Lin. Syst. Nat. ii. 622; Oliv. Ent. QQ, pi. v. f. 17, $ .

E. maximus, elongato-oblongus, brunneus, cinereo-

tomentosus, elytris cinnamoneis nudis, antennis

pedibusque nigris nitidis, S scabrosis, $ Isevi-
bus.

Long. unc. $ 3-4i, ? 3^.

I obtained three examples only of this species ; on the
Upper Amazons, , on the trunks of dead treeg„

Amazonian Prionides. 41

Genus Orthomegas.
Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 149.

1. Orthomegas cmnamoneus.
Lin. Syst. Nat. ii. 623; Drury, 111. i. 89. t. 40. f. 2, ? .

0. oblongo-linearis, cinnamoneus, aureo-fulvo sericeus,
laevis ; thorace lateribus pone medium dente magno
obliquo, antice denticulis duobus vel tribus armato.

Long. 22-30 lin. {$ , ? ).

Found occasionally, in repose on leaves in the forest,
throughout the Amazons region.

Genus Mackodontia.
Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 140.

1. Macrodontia cervicornis.
Lin. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 65 ; Oliv. Ent. 66, jdI. 2, f. 8.

M. magna, depressa, rufo nigroque varia, elytris flavo-

rufis, lineis plagisque nigris variegatis.
Long. unc. 24-4. {^, ? .)

A rare insect on the Amazons ; on dead trees, banks
of the Tapajos, and at Ega.

2. Macrodontia crenata.
Oliv. Ent. 66. p. 27, pi. 12. f. 45, $ .

c?. A $ differt spina anteriore thoracis brevissima,
et mandibulis multo longioribus. Oblonga, depressa,
fusco-castanea, elytris cinnamoneis. Caput supra
concavum, grosse punctatum, mandibulis capite ses-
qui longioribus, triquetris, cum antennarum basi (ar-
ticuli reliqui desunt) nigris. Thorax transversus,
quadratus, basi valde angustatus, lateribus inter spi-
nas rectis, crenulatis, angulo antico spina minuta
acuta oblique antrorsum spectante armato, spina pos-
tica majore sed brevi, angulis posticis distinctis acutis ;
supra creberrime punctatus, medio plaga longitudinal!
lineisque aliquot elevatis nitidis, sparsim punctatis.
Elytra marginibus pone humeros valde explanatis,
margine foliaceo usque ad apicem extenso sed sensim

42 Mr. H. W. Bates ow

angustato^ apice late rotundato, angulo suturali
spinoso ; supra opaca^ subtiliter alutacea, cinnamonea,
absque lineis elevatis. Corpus subtus nitidum, im-
punctatum, castaneum. Pedes nigro-castanei^ nitidi.
Long. $ (mandib. incl.) 28 lin.

I am not aware that the male of this very rare species
has been heretofore described. It differs greatly from
the female in the punctuation of the thorax, and in the
size of the antero-lateral spine. A similar sexual differ-
ence exists in M. Jlavipennis (Chevrolat), the female of
which is named serridens in Chevrolat's collection, and
in M. Dejeanii (Gory); the male in all these species
having a finely punctured opaque thorax, with a glossy
space in the middle, and the female being uniformly
scabrous-punctate, slightly shining.

I met with one example only of M. crenata on the
Amazons, near Bga.

Genus Titanus.
Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 133.

1. Titanus giganteus.
Linn. Mant. p. 531; Drury, 111. iii. p. 73, pi. 49. f. 1, ? .

T. ( ^ , ? ) fusco-castaneus, thorace lateribus trispinosis,
supra punctato-rugoso, medio late impunctato, tibiis
(J intus multispinosis, ? Isevibus, antennis utroque
sexu dimidium corporis hand excedentibus, seg-
mento ultimo ventrali cJ in medio late exciso, ?
integro.
Long. 4^-6 unc.

In addition to the sexual difierences mentioned in this
short diagnosis, may be mentioned the much greater
width of the tarsi in the ^ than in the ? . The tarsi of
the $ are of remarkable width, and the second joint is
transverse quadrangular, instead of triangular as in the
? and in Longicorns generally. On the Amazons this
colossal Longicorn was found only near Manaos, on the
Rio Negro ; where it is occasionally picked up on the
shores of the river after a stormy night, the insect being
cast into the water whilst flying across.*

* In the system of Lacordaire the group Ancistrotides follows the Tita-
nides, but in a note on a subsequent page (Genera, viii. p. 163) he justly
doubts whether they would not be better placed near the group Tragoso-
mides. The following new species of Acanthinodera (group Ancistrotides)
tends in favour of this emendation.

Afmmonian Prionides. 43'

Genus Ctenoscelis.
Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 134.

1. Otenoscelis ater.
Oliv. Ent. &Q, p. 11, pi. 7, f. 24, $ .

Ct. piceo-niger, tarsis posticis lobis angustissimis et
longe spinosis ; elytris apice apud suturam sinuatis,
angulo suturali spinoso.

Long. 3^-31 unc. {$ . ? ).

$ . Thorax minutissime et creberrime punctatus, disco
utrinque plagis angustis tribus grosse scabrosis
nitidis ; antennae longitudine corporis, intus denti-
culatge ; tarsi lobis intermediis et posticis spinosis.

9 . Thorax omnino grosse scabrosus ; antenna dimi-
dium corporis attingentes, punctatse ; tarsi lobis
omnibus spinosis.

I obtained many specimens of this fine species at Ega,
on the Upper Amazons, on the trunks of large felled
trees.

2. Ctenoscelis Dyrrhacus.

Buquet, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1843, p. 235, pi. 9,
fig- 1. c?.

Ct. piceo-niger, tarsorum lobis ov&;tis, hand spinosis ;

thorace utroque sexu scabroso, medio laevi, nitido ;

antennis articulo basali breviori et validiori ; elytris

apice nee sinuatis nee dentatis.
Long. 3 unc. 4 lin. — 4 unc. 4 lin. {S ? ) ; lat. elytr.
(c?) 18 lin.

AcomtMnodera hihamata, n. sp.

(? . Oblonga, depressa, rufo-castanea, tibiis tarsisque flavo-castaneis,
capite, thorace, scutello et pectore quam A. Cumingii, $ , minus dense
flavo-lanuginosis, puncturis grossis capitis thoracisque patentibus.
Antennae robust®, leviter serratse, corpore paulo longiores, articulis
subaequalibus, primo punctate, reliquis laevibus. Thorax 'transversus,
lateribus utrinque antice valde bihamatis. Elytra oblongo-quadrata,
depressa, marginibus explanatis, apice sub-truncata, angulo suturali
spinoso, supra subtiliter alutacea et elevato-reticulata costis quatuor
vix perspicuis. Pedes elongati, graciles, valde compressi, sparsim
hirsuti ; tarsis elongatis, linearibus, articuli tertii lobis angustissimis
acutis.

Long. 11 lin.

Eab. — Mendoza. A Dom. Ed. Steiaheil recepta.

44 Mr. H. W. Bates on

(^ . Antennae longitudine corporis^ articulis basalibus
tribus aspere punctatis_, omnibus intus denticulatis ;
tarsi omnes lati_, lobis rotundatis.

9 . Antennge dimidium corporis attingentes, tenui-
ter punctatae, nee denticulatae ; tarsi lobis com-
pressis.

The thorax is coarsely scabrous on the sides in both
sexes, and has a broad shining space in the middle,
finely punctured ; the basal joint of the antennge is
shorter and thicker than in any other known species.
The female has not before'been described.

The species occurred at Santarem, Obydos and Manaos,
on the Amazons.

3. Ctenoscelis Nausithous.

Buquet, Ann. Soc. Bnt. Fr. 1843, p. 236, pi. 9,

f. 2, S.

Ct. gracilior, thorace angustior; piceo-niger, thorace
scabroso, spatio mediano Isevi subtiliter punctato ;
elytris apice rotundatis, angulis suturalibus dentatis.

Long. 3 unc. 4 lin.

(J . Antennae corpore longiores, articulis extus
breviter tuberculatis, tribus basalibus subtiliter punc-
tatis, reliquis Igevibus.

$ . Antennae dimidium corporis superantes, spar-
sim punctatse; tarsi lati, lobis posticis acutis.

The shape of this species is much more slender than
in the rest of the genus ; the thorax of the female is
scarcely to be distinguished from that of the same sex in
Ct. Dyri'hacns, but the elytra differ in being much nar-
rower, and especially more parallel- sided ; the tibiee also
are relatively longer, and more slender.

I met with one example only of this species, a female,
at Serpa, near the mouth of the River Madeira. Not
being acquainted with the male, I have drawn up the above
imperfect diagnosis from the description of M. Buquet,
who obtained the insect from Bolivia.

Lacordaire founds his generic characters of Ctenoscelis,
in great measure, on the sexual differences in the punc-
tuation of the thorax, as shown in Ct. ater and acantho-
ptis J this part of his diagnosis will no longer be appli-
cable, as Ct. Dyrrhaciis and Nausithous show no such
differences.

Amazonian Prionides. 45

Genus Ialyssus.
J. Thomson, Syst. Ceramb. p. 296,

1. Ialyssus tuherculatus.
Oliv. Ent. QQ, p. 20, pi. 6, f. 22.

I. oblongus, fusco-castaneus, elytris (basi scabrosa ex-
cepta) rufo-ochraceis, Isevibus, opacis, angulis sutu-
ralibus spinosis ; antennarum articulis primo et
tertio longitudine sequalibus.

c?. Thorax subtiliter creberrime punctato-rugosus,
opacus, disco utrinque plaga triangiilari lineisque
duabus, et basi linea transversali, elevato-scabrosis,
nitidis.

? . Thorax omnino scabrosus.
Long. 2 unc 4 lin.

I found one example only, a male, of this rare species ;
at Ega, washed up on a sandy beach, after a storm, on
the river Teffe,

Genus Mallodonhoplus.

J. Thomson, Classif. des Ceramb. p. 320; Lacord. Genera,
viii. p. 117.

Distinguished from the genus Mallodon by the femora
and tibiee, at least of the anterior legs, being armed with
rows of short denticulationsj and by the scabrous punc-
tuation of the thorax. The portion of Lacordaire's
definition relating to the mandibles, will have to be
modified, to include the following species, which is
undoubtedly congeneric with the type species, M.
nohilis.

1. Mallodonhoplus crassidens, n. sp.

M. oblongus, paullulum convexus, piceo-niger, capite
grossissime punctato, labro antice ligulaque fulvo-
hirsutis, mandibulis capite brevioribus ( $ ) extus
a basi valde rotundato-dilatatis vel tumidis, apice
acutissimis, supra scabrosis, intus concavis vix hir-
sutis et margine interiori medio dilatato quadri-
dentato ; antennis dimidium corporis superantibus,

46 Mr. H. W. Bates on

articulo primo grosse punctato ; thorace quadrato,
supi'a scabrosOj in medio elevationibus indistinctis
duabus Iffivioribus ; elytris vix nitidis, passim crebre
minus profunde punctatis, angulis suturalibus spino-
sis ; sternis omnibus grosse punctatis, pedibus anticis
denticulatisj tarsis piceo-rufis ; ventris segmentis sin-
gulis valde convexis.

Long. (^ (mand. incl.) 2 unc. 4 lin.

Very similar in shape and sculpture to M. nohilis,
Thoms., from Venezuela, tlie thorax being almost exactly
of the same outline and surface ; it differs in being
entirely black, in the absence of fulvous hairs from the
epistome, and in the great thickness of the mandibles.
These organs are much shorter than the head, and are
abruptly dilated externally, the apex of each ending in
a long acute point, and the inner edge about the middle
being advanced, and ai-med with four short broad teeth,
nearly as in Mallodon spinibarhis. The elytra have a
marked convexity from base to apex.

I met with only one example of this species, at Ega^
cast up on a sandy beach, after a storm.

Genus Mallodon.
Serville; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 125.

1. Mallodon spinibarhis.
Lin. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 67.

M. piceo-niger, elytris castaneis, vel omnino fusco-
niger, capite grosse punctato, genis sub mandibulis
prolongatis acutis ; thorace plagis politis septem, in-
terstitiis in c? subtiliter crebre punctatis, in ?
scabrosis ; elytris subtilissime sparsim punctatis ;
processu prosternali piano, c? crebre punctato, ?
glabro.

A widely-distributed insect, found sometimes in great
numbers, under the loose bark of felled trees ; it is very
unstable in the outline of the thorax in both sexes, but it
may always be distinguished from the nearest allied
species by the angles of the cheeks below the mandibles
forming a simple point, instead of being bifid, I have
specimens from Mexico, Cayenne, and Rio Janeiro, as
well as from the Amazons.

Amazonian Prionides. 47

2. Mallodon hajulus.

M. hajulus, Erichs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 138.

M. occvpitale, Thomson, Physisj I. p. 93, ?.

$ . " OblonguSj depressus, fusco-niger, nitidus, ge-
narum processu bidentato : prothoracis disco polito,
medio serie punctorum obsoletorum longitudinali
notatOj lateribus punctato-rugosis, margine obtuse
crenulato, angulis posterioribus denticulo acutiusculo
terminatis, elytris punctulatis. Long. 1" 5"'."
(Erichs.) .

$ . Mandibulis brevibus, supra et infra grosse punc-
tatis ; capite grosse confluenter punctato ; thorace
plagis septem elevatis politis, omnibus (exteriori
utrinque excepta) basi conjunctis, interstitiis crebre
grossius punctatis ; elytris distincte punctatis ; pro-
cessu prosternali convexo, vix punctato.

Eah. — St. Paulo, Amazons.

I think it extremely probable that M. occipitale,
Thoms., from Venezuela, belongs to the same species :
specimens before me referable to this species differ only
in the finer punctuation of the elytra. Mallodon hajulus,
of Erichson, has been generally cited as the $ of Chias-
inetes Limce of Guerin, but Erichson^s diagnosis lends no
support to such an inference ; the terms " depressus —
genarum processu bidentato •'■' being quite inapplicable to
Chiasmetes j on the contrary, they fit the present species
of Mallodon which I found in the same tract of country
where Erichson^s insect was discovered by the traveller
Tschudi. M. Thomson makes no mention, in his mono-
graph of Mallodon, of the form of the anterior angles of
the cheeks, without which it is scarcely possible to give
satisfactory descriptions of the species.

Genus Stictosomus.
Serville; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 144.

A remarkable genus, distinguished by its oblong-linear
depressed form^ long acute mandibles curving downwards

48 Mr. H. W. Bates

and a little backwards towards the apex, and by the ex-
tremely long claw-joint of the tarsi ; the third joint of
the antennge is nearly as long as the four following taken
together, and is thickened and cylindrical.

1. Stictosomus semieostatus.
Serv. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 153.

St. oblongus depressus, niger, passim grosse punctatus,

elytris costis quatuor distinctis.
Long. 1 unc. 10 lin. (J.

One example, found near Montes Aureos, in the in-
terior, East of Para.

Genus Polyoza.
Serville ; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 152.

1. Polyoza lineata, n. sp.

P. oblongo-linearis, rufo-fulva, elytris utrinque sutura
et carinis quatuor elevatis, interstitiis nigris : an-
tennis ( J" ) dimidium corporis vix superantibus, arti-
culis 3 — 8 basi laminas elongatas emittentibus.

Long. 11 lin. (c?).

Resembles in form P. Lacordairei ; the head, palpi,
mandibles, and eyes offer scarcely any difference : the
thorax has on each side three teeth, the foremost one
very small, and the hindmost pointing towards the
shoulders of the elytra ; its surface is sculptured in a
raised reticulate pattern. The elytra offer a raised
suture and four carinas, the interstices of which are of a
dark colour, the whole surface is finely rugose-punctate,
and the sutural angle acute, but not spinose. The an-
tennae are very much shorter than in P. Lacordairei, and
the long foliaceous appendages to the joints placed more
closely together. The underface and legs are finely
punctate-granulate and hairy, and of a paler hue.

One example, taken in a dead tree at Ega.

Amazonian Prionides. 49

Cohort 3. Poecilosomi.

Genus Mallaspis.
Serville, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1832, p. 188.

The characters of this genus, in Lacordaire^s " Genera,'*
derived from the antennee, especially those of the $ ,
are no longer applicable, since species have lately been
discovered * which differ frora the types in this respect.
In fact, there is now no character to distinguish the genua
from Pyrodes, except the pilose scutellum.

* These are as follows.

Mallaspis Beltii, u. sp.

Species distinctissima, antennis in utroque sexu articulis linearibus,
colore ? a (J valde diverso ; mesosterno et metasteruo sutura dis-
tincte divisis.

^ Long. 18-20 lin.

Oblonga, convexa, postice attenuata, asneo-castanea, capite thoraceque
seneo-fuscis, antennis tibiis et tarsis rufo-castaneis. Caput magnum,
elongatissimum, subremote modice punctatum, lateribus parallelis,
fronte, late sulcata. Thorax pone medium valde dentatus, antice iri
linea subrectus, angustatus, minute irregulariter denticulatus, pone
dentem sinuatus, angulis posticis nullis, supra aBqualis, modice crebre
punctatus, subnitidus, lateribus rugulosis. Elytra parte basali con-
vexa, iDostice declivia, apice oblique truncata, angulo sutm-ali pro-
minenti acuto, humeris antice protrusis, supra prope basin vermicu-
lato-punctata, postice subtiliter punctato-coriacea. Corpus subtus
ffineum, griseo-tomentosum ; pedes rufo-castanei, femoribus obscu-
rioribus. Antennae corjjore paulo longiores, rufae, articiilis a 3°
omnibus linearibus, 3° pauUo latiori sed lineari, ultimis duobus basi
intus spinosis. Scutellum aureo-tomentosum.

$ 15 lin. Forma (J similis ; postice minus angustatus, capite breviori ;
thorace et elytris basi fortiter rugoso-puuctatis, colore omnino satu-
rate-feneo vel obscure-cyaneo, antennis pedibusque cyaneis ; corpore
subtus glabro. Antenna corporis dimidio longitudine Eequales, arti-
culis linearibus, c}'aneis. Processus prosterni canaliculatus.

Hah. — Chontales, Nicaragua. Dom. Belt invenit.

Mallaspis Salvini, n. sp.

M. Beltii proxime affinis ; eadem differentia sexuum formaqiie protho-

racis et antennarum.
{? Long. 15-16 lin. Oblonga, depressa, postice attenuata, supra tota

Isete anea, subtus aureo-refulgens. Caput thorax et elytra ut in M.

Beltii, sed illud grossius pmictatimi nitidum, hsec prope apices minus

attenuata, obtusius rotundata. Antennas corpore longiores, articulis

duobus ultimis basi tuberculatis, rufae. Pedes rufi, femoribus sneo-

tinctis.
? 15 lin. Jlf. Beltii ? forma et colore simillima ; caput multo grossius

rugoso-pimctatum ; antennae omnino violacese ; processus prosterni

haud canaliculatus.
Hah. — Costa Rica. A Dom. Salvin receptus.

TKANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART I. (apRIL) . E

60 Mr. H. W. Bates on

1. Mallaspis scutellaris.

Oliv. Ent. QQ, p. U, pi. 2, a. b.

M. obscure senea, elytris basi excepta cinnamoneis,
thorace lateribus antice rotundatis et multidenticu-
latis, antennis articulis 4-7 basi et apice 8-11 totis
rufis^ c? corpore multo longioribus articulis com-
pressis denticulatis, $ brevioribus articulis dilata-
to-compressis.

Extremely rare ; found only at Nauta, on tlie Upper
Amazons.

Genus Pyegdes.
Serville ; Lacord. Genera, viii. p. 177.

1 . Pyrodes pulch errimus .

P. pulclierrimus, Perty, Del. An. Art. Bras. p. 8Q, t. 17,

f . 4, ? .

P. fastuosus, Ericbs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 139, ? .

P. heterocerus, Erichs. Consp. Ins. Col. Peru. p. 139, c?.

P. antennatus, White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. p. 51, pi. 2,

f. 6, S; Lucas, Voy. de Castelnau, Ins. pi.

10, f. 8, S.

P. jpetalocerus, White, Cat. Long. Brit. Mus. p. 50, S •

S . Medio valde convexus, colore variabilis, fusco-
ferrugineus vel seneo-fuscus, vel antice ferrugineo-
cupreus, postice ferruginous; scutello apice prolon-
gate ; antennis articulo tertio magno lato compresso,
azureo, reliquis rufis ; capite thorace et scutello
crebre eequaliter punctatis ; elytris vermiculato-coria-
ceis; femoribus cyaneis.

? . Azureus vel cyaneus, elytris rugulosis nitidis,
fascia lata ante medium flavescenti-alba ; antennis
cyaneis, articulo tertio simplici lineari. Variat thorace
maculis duabus rufis.

This beautiful and singular species was not infrequent
at Ega. The two sexes, as here described, have always
been considered distinct species ; but the fact that all of
one form are males, and all of the other females, and that
they are invariably found together, on the trunks of trees,
induces me to consider them as pairs, although I never
ound them in copula.

Amazonian Prionides. 51

2. Pyrodes Sniithianus.
White, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 12.

P. pulcherrimo ( ? ) forma similis, thorace latiori, lateri-
bus antice rotundato-dilatatis. Cupreo-eeneus, elytris
aureo-viridescentibus ; antennis brevibus tenuibus ;
thorace elytris latiori, cum capite et scutello crebre
distincte punctatis ; scutello elongate ; elytris sutura
et costis duabus utrinque elevatis, crebre rugosis.

Long. 15 lin. ( $ ) .

I found one specimen of this species on the foliage of
a low tree, at Caripi, near Para. Unfortunately it was
not reserved for my private collection, and I have drawn
up the above diagnosis from the type specimen in the
British Museum, which was found by Mr. J. P. G.
Smith, also at Caripi.

3. Pyrodes formosus, n. sp.

P. 'pulcherrimo (?) forma simillimus, colore omnino
laete saturato-c^ruleus, plagis duabus elytrorum
violaceis exceptis; caput thorax et scutellum sub-
opaci, confertim punctati ; antennae ut in P. pul-
cherrimo ( $ ) lineares, vel prope apicem incrassatse,
cyanese; elytra fortiter, prope apices vix minus
forte, vermiculato-rugulosa, angulis suturalibus haud
productis, nitida ; corpus subtus, et pedes, saturate
casrulei.
Long. 15-18 lin. ? .

Two female examples only of this beautiful species
were found, near St. Paulo, Upper Amazons. In the
British Museum there is a specimen from Cuenca, Equa-
dor, entirely of a beautiful greenish-blue colour, and
rather more coarsely sculptured.

4. Pyrodes graiiosus, n. sp.

P. hifasciato, Linn., affinis, minor, colore $ valde di-
verse, et antennis distincte 11-articulatis.

^ . Oblongus, laete eeneo-viridis, nitidissimus, elytris
testaceo-translucentibus. Caput et mandibula spar-
sim punctata, illo antice aureo, sulco frontali fundo
laevi. Thorax quadratus, lateribus denticulatis,

£2

52 Mr. H. W. Bates on

medio fortiter dentatis^ angulis posticis dentiformi-
bus, supra grosse punctatuSj disco impressione raagna
triloba. Scutellum leeve. Elytra oblongo-quadrata,
tertia parte basali grosse punctato-rugosa, dein
subito crebre subtiliter rugosa ; viridi-senea, basi et
medio testaceo translucentia. Corpus subtus glaber-
rimum, prosterno gibbo^ laevi. Antennae corpore
paulo longiores, robustge^ filiformes, nigrae, articulis
4 basalibus cupreis. Pedes rufi^ genicuiis fuscis.
Long. 6 lin.

? . Oblongus, saturate cyaneus, capite thoraceque
grossius punctatis^ vix nitidis^ elytris basi tantum
micantibus^ miniato-rubris^ fascia sub-basali curvata
purpureo-nigra. Sulcus frontalis fundo Itevis. Thorax
ut ■ in c? quadratus^ -lateribus medio dente forte
armatisj angulis posticis dentiformibus, punctatus
scabrosuSj medio impressione magna triloba. Scu-
tellum grosse punctatum, opacum. Elytra oblonga,
basi convexa^ prope basin fortiter punctato-rugosa,
dein subito subtiliter rugosa. Antennee corpore
paulo breviores, minus robustge^ filiformes^ cyaneae,
basi cupreo-violaceae^ articulis 3-7 supra sulcatis.
Corpus subtus cyaneum^nitidissimum. Pedes cyanei,
genicuiis et tibiis aj)ice violaceis, tarsis rufis.

Long. 10-12 lin.

This beautiful species is readily distinguished in the
female from P. Irifasciatus by the elytra having only one
dark fascia^ and that near the base^ commencing below
the shoulder^ and curving towards the suture^ which it
does not reach ; the rest of the elytral surface is of a
clear red-lead colour^ or dark vermillion, almost opaque,
except near the base, where it has a metallic lustre. The
slender 11 -jointed antennse distinguish it at once from
the female of P. nigricornis, Guer., besides the colour.
I obtained three female specimens of precisely similar
colours, two of which are in my own collection. The
males of these closely-allied species are less easily to be
distinguished ; I obtained only one example with the
three females ; but have seen a second, similar in size, in
Mr. Fry^s collection, also from Para. The antennse are
hotably more slender than in the ($ of P. nigricornis,
and the terminal joint is much less elongate, being very
little longer than the penultimate, whilst it is half as long

(

Amazonian Prionides. §3

again in P. nigricornis. The species seems peculiar to
the neighbourhood of Para. P. hifasciatus is found at
Surinam and Demerara, and all the female specimens I
have examined have the two terminal joints of the an-
tenn£e blended into one elongate joint, with a trace of
the articulation,

5, Pyrodes nocUcornis, u. sp.

? . P. hifasciato simillimus, gracilior, antennis 10-
articulatis, thoracis angulis posticis haud prominenti-
bus. Oblongus, nigro-cyaneus, supra vix nitidus, sub-
tus politissimus. Caput et thorax grosse crebre
punctati, hoc quadrate an gusto, in medio paulo dila-
tato et valde dentate, angulis posticis haud pro-
minentibus, supra impressione profunda triloba.
Elytra postice haud attenuata, medio vix rotundata,
supra praecipue versus basin et suturam grosse rugoso-
punctata, laete miniata, fascia lata communi prope
basin (margines haud attingente) alteraque apicali
(cum precedente vitta lata suturali conjuncta) cya-
neo-violaceis. Pedes cyanei, violaceo-micantes.
Antennae corpore paulo breviores, graciles, articulo
decimo precedentibus latiori, colore cupreo-violaceae,
articulo tertio haud sulcato.

Long. 11 lin., lat. 6 lin. ? .

One example, taken at St. Paulo, Amazons. Very
similar in form and colour to P. hifasciatus ; differs in
the tenth antennal joint being short and ovate, without
trace of constriction in the middle, and also in the
absence of projecting hind angles to the thorax.

6. Pyrodes nigricornis.

P. nigricornis, Guerin, Verhandl. zool.-bot. Verein zu
Wien, 1855, p. 598, c?.

P. ruhrozonatus , Lucas, Voy. de Castelnau, Entom.
p. 180, pi. xi. f. 2 (1857) S .

c?. Breviter oblongus, variat vel fulvo-testaceus
geneo tinctus, antennis (basi excepta) violaceo-
nigris, vel aureo-viridis splendens, elytris semifascia
rufa, vel cupreo-violaceus, fascia elytrali integra, vel

H Mr. H. W. Bates on

palliduSj pedibus rufis, vel ut ante coloratus, pedibus
rufis femoribus tibiisque posticis plus minusre viola-
ceo-metallicis. P. grafioso differt antennis magis ro-
bustis_,articulisbrevioribus, elytris grossius punctato-
scabrosis, thoracis angulis posticis dentiforraibus.
Latitude thoracis variat.
Long. 8 lin. $ .

? . Breviter oblongus^ cyaneus, elytris violaceis, basi
splendide cupreis, pone medium fascia interrupta
rufa; thoracis angulis posticis dentiformibus ; an-
tennis robustis, corpore multo brevioribus, 11-articu-
latis, articulo tertio haud sulcato : tarsis rufis.

I took many specimens of this species at St. Paulo,
Amazons, on the leaves of trees in the forest. One pair
were taken in cojntld. I have examined Guerin^s type of
P. nigricornis, and found it to agree with the palest of
my specimens. It was probably taken in the same
locality as mine, by Osculati, who spent some time at
the village of St. Paulo on his voyage down the Amazons.

7. Pyrodes dispar, n. sp.

P. precedentibus affinis, differt pedibus grosse et pro-
funde punctatis.

(J . Oblongus, leete viridi-geneus ; thorace insequali,
grosse punctate, scabroso, lateribus medio spinosis,
angulis posticis dentiformibus. Elytra passim crebre
et grossius punctato-scabrosa. Pedes rufi, grosse
et profunde punctati, femoribus tibiisque posticis
cyaneis. Antennse corpore breviores, robustae, fili-
formes, cupreae, articulo ultimo cum precedente quasi
concrete.

Long. 8 lin.

$ . Breviter oblongus, affinibus multo latior ; viola-
ceus, supra passim crebre rugosus, sulci frontalis
fundo haud leevi, thoracis disco haud feveate, angulis
posticis dentiformibus. Elytra plaga basali, altera
laterali pone medium, et margine exteriori inter has,
rubro-cupreis. Corpus subtus cupree-nitidum, abde-
mine crebre punctate, pedibus cyaneis, grosse et
profunde punctatis. Antennee dimidium corporis
vix excedentes, cyanete, lO-articulatae, articulo tertio
haud sulcato, decime precedente latiori et duple
longieri.

Amazonian Prionides. 55

The nearly coalescent two terminal joints of the antennaa
will distinguish the male of this from the three preceding
species^ as well as the much more deeply and roughly
punctured femora and tibiae; the other characters, and
the colour, I think, may be more variable. The female
is distinguished from all by its great width of body, and
coarsely punctured femora and tibise. It differs greatly
from F, noclieornis in general form of body, and in the
prominent dentiform hind angles of the thorax. The
two terminal joints of the antennfe are blended into one
in both species, without trace of separation, but the joint
thus formed is short and ovate in P. noclieornis, and
very elongate in P. dispar.

I have seen one pair only of this species, taken by
Mr. J. Hauxwell, at Pebas, on the Amazons.

In this group of Pyrodes, the scutellum seems to afford
no reliable specific characters, as it varies in shape and
sculpture in specimens undoubtedly belonging to the
same species ; the form is nearly as in the common P.
speciosus, but its apex is more prolonged. In all the
species where the hind angles of the thorax are produced,
the lower margin is also dentiform, giving an appearance
of two teeth at the angle, one above the other. The
margin of the thorax anterior to the lateral spine, in all
the species, is irregularly and variably denticulate.
The general form and colours of the hifasciatus group
are so variable, that if future discoveries prove the ter-
minal joints of the antennae to be variable, the whole will
constitute one variable species, remarkable for its incon-
stancy in structural characters.*

* The genus Fyrodes, after withdrawing P. pidus (Perty) which having
the sides of the scuteUum pubescent is better placed in Mallaspis, and
P. columhinus (Guer.) which belongs to the genus Esmeralda, contains the
following species : 1. P. pii,l cherrimus (ut supra). 2. P. formosus. 3.
P. tenuicornis, White, $ ($ =:))iargma.iits, White, Catal.p.49, <J =:angusti-
collis, Lucas, Voy. de Casteln., p. 179, pi. 11. f. 1; the description leaves
no doubt whatever of this synon;^Tn, and the locality given by Lucas must
be erroneous) . 4. P. Smithianus, White. 5. P. speciosus, Oliv. 6. P.wneus,
Buq., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 618. 7. P. hifasciatus, L., Oliv. 8. P.
nigricomis, Guer. {ruhrozonatus, Lucas). 9. P. gratiosus. 10. P. nocli-
eornis. 11. P. dispar. There remains only one undescribed species in
all the extensive collections of Longicorns which I have examined in Lon-
don; this is a fine one from New Granada, represented by a single female
example, in Mr. Frj''s possession, derived from the Dejean-Laferte Col-
lection.

$Q Mr. H. W. Bates

Genus Esmeealda.

J. Thomson, Classif. des Ceramb. p. 303 ; Lacord.
Genera, viii. p. 178.

Distinguished from Pyrodes by the great width and
length of the scutellum, which, in the male, is nea;"lj;
half the length of the elytra ; and by the metastex^num
being* greatly advanced between the middle coxas, and
nearly hiding the grooved mesosternum, which lies
obliquely on its anterior face ; the presternum is also of
great width, and its point does not interlock with tha
mesosternum. The antennje in the (^ are very robust,
compressed, and subserrate ; the tibiae also are com-
pressed into thin blades in both sexes, and the tarsi are
excessively short.

The only species of this charming group hitherto de-
scribed is E. suavis, Thoms. But I have no doubt what-
ever of this being the ($ of Pyrodes columhinus, of Guerin
(said by White, erroneously as I think,* to be the
Ceramhyx aurahis of Linnaeus) . I captured the male and
female of the following species together, but not in
copula, on the trunk of a slender tree, and as the differ-
ences between them are not at all greater than in many
species of Pyrodes, the conclusion that they are sexes of
one and the same species is not to be resisted.

1. Esmeralda Icetifica, n. sp.

c? . Oblonga, depressa, viridi-senea, nitidissima, capite
antice et infra thoraceque toto testaceo-rufis aureo-
tinctis, femoribus 4 anticis et processu metasternali
rufis, elytris violaceis, subtilissime rugoso-puncta-
tis, bicostatis, triente basali excepta sparsim punc-
tatis.
Long. 6 lin.

? . Late oblonga, subdepressa, laete cyanea, scutello

et corpore subtus violaceis.
Long. 9 4 lin.

Differs from E, columhina, Guer. ( S , suavis, Thoms.)
in both sexes, by the basal third of the elytra being
glossy, and marked with very few punctures ; the scutel-
lum has a few very fine punctures on each side. The

* The phrase of Linnffius " elytra rubro-viridi-aurata " is not at all ap-
plicable to any specinien of E. columhina which I have seen.

Amazonian Triomdea, 57

thorax in the S has its lateral margins free from crenu-
lations, and is of a tawny-orange colour above and
beneath, except a narrow mark on the hind margin on
each side ; above, it has a few strong punctures on the
sides, and in the deep central fovea. In the ? the
thorax is crenulate on the sides, and has numerous
large punctures on the sides and in the central fovea,
most of the elevated portions being impunctate. The
posterior part of the elytra, in both sexes, is rendered
rough and opaque by the extreme closeness and minute-
ness of its punctuation. In the $ , the middle coxge,
the greater part of the anterior and middle femora, and
the broad metasternal process, are fulvous-red.

I met with one pair only of this species, on the trunk
of a slender tree, in a small clearing in the forest, near
St. Paulo, on the Amazons. They were actively moving
about in the heat of the mid-day sun.

The following genus seems to be a degraded form of
the Pyrodes type, wanting the grooved mesosternum, the
sulcate head, and many other minor characters of the
group. Its projecting metasternum indicates a nearer
affinity with Esmeralda than with the Poecilosomince, in
which group it is placed by Lacordaire. No other
member of the Pcecilosomina^ or Solenopterince is found
on the Amazons.*

* The following very interesting species has recently been discovered
by Mr. Belt at Chontales, Nicaragua ; it connects the two North-American
genera Holonotus and Sphenostethus.

Eolonotus nigroceneus, n. sp.

Elongatus, convexus, scaphiformis, Sphenostetlio serripenni similis, sed
Bcutello hand elongate, aterrimus nitidus, supra praecipue elytris aeneo-
tinctus. Caput parvum, supra late sulcatum, grosse sparsim puncta-
tum. Anteimae ( $ ) dimidio corporis breviores, articuhs valde com-
pressis latis, vix pimctatis. Thorax a basi usque ad apicem attenuatus
et declivis, marginibus lateralibus integris, disco sparsim subtiliter,
lateribus grosse et rugose punctatus, margine postico elytris angus-
tiore, utrinque sinuato, lobo mediauo truncato. ScuteUum latum,
triangulare, apice depressum, l^ve. Elytra a basi usque ad apices
regulariter attenuata, humeris obhquis rotundatis, apicibus rotundato-
truncatis serratis ; supra coriacea, subnitida, passim modice punctata.
Subtus glaber, pectoris lateribus punctatis, vix pilosis ; mesosternum
crassum, apicem prosterni incimibens. Pedes nigerrimi, nitidi, tarsia
brevibus, latis.

Long. 1 unc. 2 lin., lat. 5 lin. $ .

Hah. — Chontales, Nicaragua ; in Mus. nostr.

58 Mr. H. W. Bates on Trionides,

Genus Nicias.

Nicias, J. Thomson, Arch. Entom. i. p. 136.
SamadryadeSi Thomson, lib. cit. p. 22 {olim) .

1. Nicias alurno'ides.
J. Thomson, Arch. Ent. i. p. 23, pi. 9, f. 3.

N. niger, nitidus, elytris stramineis, quarta parte api-
cali maculaque utrinque mediana transversa nigris ;
abdomine rufo-testaceo.

Long. 7 lin. $ .

I found two examples of this pretty and singular
Prionid, on different days, on the foliage of trees at
Ega ; one of them is now in my own collection, the other
I believe was sent to Paris. The beautiful figures of
M. Thomson render further description unnecessary.

(59 )

X. Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in Europe
and the adjoining Countries ; with a Description
of a singular neiv Species from Java. By R.
McLachlan, F.L.S., Sec, Ent. Soc.

[Bead 15th March, 1869.]

In this paper I have attempted to give a synopsis of
the European species of Panorpa, with comparative diag-
noses in a tabular form^ and remarks. I enumerate
twelve species^ whereof two are insufficiently known, and
five are new^ two of the latter coming from Mingrelia,
a country which, though politically forming part of
Europe, is more decidedly Asiatic.

Owing to the similarity of markings, much confusion
has existed ; but the decided characters exhibited in the
abdomen of the male, especially in the four terminal seg-
ments, separate the species very readily; the form of
the two narrow appendices lying on the face of the
claw-bearing terminal segment is also a means of differ-
entiating closely allied forms ; and the parts under these
appendices would, no doubt, well repay attentive study,
in the living insect. The markings in the wings furnish
less important characters ; for though each species has a
certain typical arrangement of the markings, the devia-
tions are so many, and frequent, that reliance cannot be
placed on it alone. The neuration is probably still more
given to vary, especially in the number of the furcations ;
but the comparative length of the sub-costal vein divides
the species into two groups. The number of teeth in
the claws of the tarsi is not noticed in this paper, because,
in dry specimens, one or more of the teeth are frequently
hidden by the large spongy pulvillus, and hence this
character is a dangerous one on which to ground specific
distinctions.

In the citations of authors, only the most important
are noticed ; and I have omitted Klug's monograph alto-
gether, because all the European species are grouped
therein under P. communis, and no indication given of
the male abdominal characters ; in Westwood^s mono-
graph the same omission occurs for the European forms;
but at the time these two works were published, these
all-important characters were little understood. In
Walker's British Museum Catalogue several species are
confounded under P. germanica and communis,

TKANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (APEIL) .

60 Mr. E. McLachlan on

The plate accompanpng this synopsis gives figures of
each species^ with the most general arrangement of the
markings^ and also enlarged outlines of the terminal
segments of the male abdomen and aj)pendices.

In conclusion, I express my thanks to Baron de Selys
Longchamps, and Chevalier Victor Ghiliani, for their
liberal gift and loan of examples, without which aid this
work could not have been attempted.

Genus Panorpa.

Tabula 8pecierum Europcearum,

A. Sub-costa alarum omnium costse medium (nee ultra)

tangens.

a. Alee parce brunneo-punctatse. Abdominis* $

segmenta 7 et 8 modica, conica.

P. alpina, Rambur.

aa. Al£e valde atro-punctatee fasciataeque. Abdomi-
nis segmenta 7 et 8 elongata, angustata, conica ;
7 supra ad basin conspicue tuberculatum.

P. caucasica, (De Selys) .

B. Sub-costa alarum anticarum pterostigma tangens.

b. Abdominis J" segmenta 7 et 8 conica.

c. Segmentum 6 apicem versus gradatim angus-
tius, truncatum j 7 et 8 modice elongata.
d. Appendices segmenti 9 elongatge, haud
truncatse.
e. Alee fascia subapicali completa. Segmen-
tum Gum 7mo longius. P. communis, L.
ee. Alas fascia sub-apicali interrupta. Seg-
mentum 6um 7mo aequale.

P. connexa, McLach.

* Fanor'pce abdomen censeo novem segmenta habere, quorum primum
sub metanoto partim latet.

Panorpa. 61

dd. Appendices segmenti 9 breves^ ad apicem
dilatat^ truncatee.
/. Appendices breviores^ ad apicem recte
truncatee^ vix rotundatse.

P. germanica, L.

f. Appendices longiores, ad apicem oblique

truncatse, processus segmenti 3 valde

major. ... P. gihherosa, McLach.

cc. Segmentum 6 oblongum, supra concavum et

ad apicem triangulariter productum, latera-

liter excisum 3 7 et 8 brevia.

P. meridionalis, Rambur.

hh. Abdominis c? segmentum 7 plus minusve irregu-

lariter cylindricum^ supra dilatatum, 8 vix coni-

cum, 6 quadratum vel oblongum^ profunda

lateraHter excisum.

g. Alse conspicue atro-fasciatae et maculatse.

h. Segmentum 7 supra ad basin valde dilata-
tum ; appendicibus segmenti ultimi linea-
ribus, elongatis, fere rectis^ divaricatis.

P. annexa, (De Selys) .
hh. Segmentum 7 supra in medio paullo dilata-
tum ; appendicibus segmenti ultimi brevi-
bus, gradatim latioribus^ ad basin apicem-
que convergentibus. P. GJoiUanii, McLach.
gg. Alse paullo fusco-nigro signatse. Segmentum 7
fere regulariter cylindricum; appendicibus
segmenti ultimi rectis^ linearibus^ divari-
catis P. cognata, Rambur.

Species mihi non satis cognitce.

a. Alge flavo-tinctge^ fasciis duabus^ maculis duabus vel
tribus, apicibusque conspicue atro-signatee. ( c?
ignotus) P. picta, Hagen.

/3. Al£e punctis tribus ante medium^ linea irregulari
obliqua pone stigma, apicibusque fuscis ; ptero-
stigmate magno rufo. . P. rufostigma, Westwood.

62 Mr. E. McLachlan on

Tabula magnitudinum.

P. alpina, exp. alar. 12-13| lin. (anglic.) = 25-28 millim.

P. caucasica ,, ,, 12 lin. =r25 mill.

P. communis „ „ 12-15| lin. =25-32 mill.

P. germanica ,, ,, 10-12 lin. =z 2 1-25 mill.

P. gihherosa ,, ,, 12 lin. =25 mill.

P. connexa ,, ,, 13 lin. =27 mill.

P . mericUonalis „ 12-15 lin. =25-31 mill.

P.annexa „ „ 13|-14 lin. =28-29^ mill.

P. GUUanii „ „ 10^-13 lin. =22-27 mill.

P. cognata „ „ 13^-141 lin. =28-30^ mill.

P.pida „ „ 141-17 lin. =30^-37 mill.

P. rujostigma ,, ,, 13 lin. =27 mill.

A. Suh-costa in all the ivings becoming confluent with the
costa about half-ivay betiueen the base and apex.

1. Panoepa alpina^ Eambur. (PI. IV. fig. 1).

P. alpina, Rambur, Nevrop. p. 330 (1842). P. variabilis,
Brauer, Neurop. Aust. p. 35 (1857).

Found only in elevated districts, and probably occurs
in all the mountain ranges of central Europe. Halloy in
Belgium (De Selys) . Has not yet been noticed in Britain.

The species with the wings least spotted of all, there
being only scattered brown dots, whereof that at the
pterostigma is the largest. Third abdominal segment
( $ ) considerably produced in the middle of its apex
above; sixth slightly narrowed from base to apex, trun-
cate ; seventh and eighth cone-shaped, each as long as
the sixth, narrow at the base, and the seventh with an
indistinct tubercle at that part above ; appendices of the
last segment straight, flattened, and linear, short ; claws
of this segment short.

Rambur's type has lost, as he notes, the terminal seg-
ments, and he does not notice the short sub-costa, but
the example now in De Selys' collection, proves the
identity of the species with that of Brauer.

Panorpa. 63

2. Panoepa caucasica, n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 2).

P. caucasica, De Selys, MS.

Taken in Mingrelia, by M. T. Deyrolle, in 1868.
Two $ and three $ in De Selys' collection.

A species with the wings strongly marked ; the sub-
apical fascia forms a large, irregularly oblong spot, ex-
tending from the costa half across the wing, and then
emitting two narrow curved branches to the inner mar-
gin. The antepenultimate and penultimate segments
(c?) extremely long, and very narrow at the base, and
very gradually and regularly dilated, the antepenultimate
(7th) with a distinct tubercle at the extreme base above j
the claws of the terminal segment very long. The whole
body, including the terminal segments, deep black.

A very distinct and well-marked species.

B. Suh-costa in the anterior ivings reaching to the
pterostigma.

3. Panoepa communis, Linne. (PL IV. fig. 3).

P. communis, Linn. Faun. Suec. p. 384 (1761), et auct.

The commonest species in Northern and Central Europe.

The sub-apical fascia is angulate, and usually furcate
on the inner margin, especially in the $ , the apical spot
large, and more or less broken up into smaller spots in
its lower portion. The third abdominal segment ( c?) is
scarcely produced above at its apex ; the sixth very long
and truncate at the apex; seventh and eighth each
shorter than the sixth, conical ; appendices of the ter-
minal segment long and cylindrical, approximating at
the base and apex.

Var ? diffinis, mihi. From Belgium and Piedmont I
have c^ $ of an insect which I cannot separate from P.
communis by any certain structural characters, yet it
has a somewhat difl"erent aspect, being smaller (exp. alar.
12 lin.) than usual, and more compact; the third seg-
ment is, perhaps, more sensibly produced in the middle.
Baron de Selys Longchamps finds it with the type-form,
yet preserving its peculiar facies : further investigation
may perhaps establish its right to specific distinction.
An insect figured in Imhofi" and Labram^s " Insekten
der Schweiz," under the name of P. vulgaris, may pos-
sibly be the same as this.

•64 Mr. R. McLacUan on

4. PanoRpa germanica, Linne. (PI. IV. fig. 4) .

P. germanica, Linn. Syst. Nat. p. 915 (1767); Curtis,
Brit. Ent. pi. 696 ; Rainb. Nevrop. p. 329 ; Eaton, Ann.
and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 397. P. a^nis, Leach, Zool.
Misc. ii. p. 98, pi. 94, fig. 2 (1815) ; Steph. 111. p. 52. P.
apicalis, Steph. 111. p. 52 (1836). P. montaita, Br aner,
Neurop. Aust. p. 36 (1857) . P. horealis, Steph. 111. p. 53
(1836) ?

Almost equally common with the last in all Northern
and Central Europe, and certainly the true species de-
scribed by Linne, according to the tyjDO in his collection.

Wings with a slight brownish tinge ; markings macu-
late (not fasciate) , the apical spot moderate (varies very
greatly in number and intensity of markings) . The
third abdominal segment (c?) is strongly produced in
the middle of the apical margin above; the sixth scarcely
longer than the seventh, truncate at the apex ; seventh
and eighth cone-shaped ; appendices of the terminal
segment short, flattened, dilated and truncate at the apex.

5. Panoepa gibbeeosa, n. sp. (PI. lY. fig. 5).

Montenegro ( S ) and Isle of Tinos ( $ ) . Taken by
M. Erber, and sent by him to the Baron de Selys
Longchamps, who has submitted it to my examination.

A species evidently allied to P. germanica, yet de-
cidedly distinct ; in size rather larger. In the S the
wings have a faint yellowish tinge ; in the basal half are
one or two indistinct dots ; at the pterostigma is a large
quadrate blackish-brown spot, and a dot below it, and the
apex is also blackish-brown. The third abdominal seg-
ment is produced, in the middle of its apical margin above,
into a large rounded hump ; the sixth longer than the
seventh, formed as in P. germanica ; the seventh and
eighth equal, conical ; appendices of the terminal seg-
ment formed somewhat as in P. germanica, but longer ;
the apex oblique, produced at the inner angle, and after-
wards very slightly excised ; beyond the apex of each of
these appendices is to be seen the point of a large crotchet
which underlies them (this is also evident in P. germa-
nica, but less conspicuously) .

The $ , from Tinos, which I consider to pertain to the
same species, has the wings more strongly marked ; the
basal spots are larger, that at the pterostigma smaller,

Panoi'ija. 65

but below it are two others, the three forming a macu-
lose fascia; the apex as in the c? ; several of the trans-
verse veinlets much clouded.

The (^ much resembles some forms of P. cognata in
its markings. There is a strong probability that this
is P. rtifodirima, Westwood {vide post, p. 68), and the
? above noted agrees remarkably in its markings with
those of the S of that species, as described by Pro-
fessor Westwood ; yet both sexes want the large red
pterostigma from which the name was derived, that por-
tion of the wings being only more decidedly yellower in
M. Erber's examples. Under these circumstances, I
think it best to describe the species as distinct. The
abdominal characters are much as in P. germanica, but
the hump on the third segment is very much larger, and
the appendices of the last segment differ, although formed
after the same plan.

6. Panorpa connexa, n. sp. (PI. TV. fig. 6).

Taken in Mingrelia, by M. T. Deyrolle, in 1868. Two
<J in De Selys' collection.

Of the same size as P. gnrmanica, and allied thereto.
The wings show a wedge-shaped spot extending from
the pterostigma half across the wing, with an elongate
spot on the inner margin, the two markings forming an
interrupted sab-apical fascia ; the apical spot small ; two
or three small spots in the basal half. Thii"d abdominal
segment (c?) not produced in the middle of the apical
margin above ; sixth as in germanica j seventh and eighth
conical, more elongate than in germanica, the seventh
slightly the longer ; appcaidices of terminal segment
long, linear, slightly dilated towards the apex, but not
truncate.

7. Panorpa meeidionalis, Rambur. (PI. IV, fig. 7).

P. meridioncLlis, Rambur, Nevrop. p. 329 (1842) ; Ed.
Pict. Nevrop. d'Espagne, p. 83, pi. viii. fig. 9-12.

Middle and South of Finance, Pyrenees, Spain.

A large species, with the wings very strongly marked
with deep black, and the veins also black : ordinarily
there is an isolated black spot in the middle of the base,
two large opposite spots before the middle (nearly form-
ing an interrupted fascia), a costal spot in the middle, a

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I (aFEIL) . F

06 Mr. R, McLachlan on

fitib-apical fascia furcate in its lower half, and a broadly
black apex, in which are two pale dots. The third abdo-
minal segment (c?) scarcely produced in the middle of
the apex above; sixth oblong, the upper surface concave
and produced at the anex in a triangular form, the sides
excised (not edged with yellow) ; seventh and eighth
cone-shapecl, short, narrow at the base, and very much
dilated at the apex ; appendices of the terminal segment
linenr, flattened, approximating at the base and apex (a
small lobe at the base of the claws of this segment).
Head and terminal segments bright reddish.

This species has the sixth segment formed after the
manner of that in the succeeding species, but the seventh
and eighth both cone-shaped, as in the preceding.

8. PaNORPA A^^NEXA. (PI. IV. fig. 8) .

P. anncxa, De Selys, MS. ; P. meridioiialis, Schneider,
Stett. Zeit. 1845, p. 340 {nco Rambur) , P. cognata, var.,
Hagen, Ann, Soc. Ent. France, 18G0, p. 747, {neo
Rambur) .

Monte Viso (Piedmont), Sicily; probably in all Italy.

All the markings smaller and less intense than in P.
meridiondli's, the apical border enclosing one large hyaline
spot in its lower half; the veins less strongly black.
Third abdominal segment {S) slightly produced in the
middle of its apical margin above; sixth short, quadrate,
broader than long, the lateral margins deeply excised
(ordinarily edged with yellow) , the apex above scarcely
produced ; seventh longer than the sixth, inserted below
the excision, viewed from the side its lower edge is
straight, its upper edge greatly swollen near the base,
then deeply concave, and finally raised at the apex;
eighth sub-cylindrical, scarcely cone-shaped, slightly
swollen above towards the base ; appendices of the last
segment straight, linear, flattened, slightly divergent
from base to apex (a small lobe at the base of the claws
of this segment) . Head, rostrum, and terminal segments
ordinarily reddish.

Hitherto confounded with P. meridionah's, but very
distinct. The examples from Monte Viso (Ghiliani) are
smaller than those from Sicily, and darker; the head
sometimes marked with blackish, and the apical margin
of the sixth segment not edged with yellow.

Panorpa, -i^

9. Panorpa Ghiltanii, n. sp. (PI. IV. fig. 9) .

Ttirin (received from the Chevalier Victor Ghiliani) .

A small species, and strongly marked with black. In
the anterior wings there is a small spot in the disc near
the base, three spots before the middle, a small costal
spot in the middle, a sub-apical fascia formed by a large
costal spot emitting two narrow branches to the inner
margin, and a very broad black apex, which encloses one
or two pale dots at its upper and lower edges. Third
abdominal segment (c^) not produced above; sixth
formed as in P. annexa, but longer, and with the apex
more produced above, as in P. mefidionalis ; seventh in-
serted below the excision, slightly shorter than the sixth,
formed much like that in P. annexa, but shorter, thinner
at the base, the upper edge less swollen, and the swelling
further from the base, afterwards less concave and less
elevated at the apical margin ; eighth shorter than the
seventh, sub-cylindrical, scarcely cone-shaped ; appen-
dices of the last segment short, flattened, rather broad,
obtusely rounded at the apex, nearly parallel (a larger
lobe at the base of the claws of this segment).

I have seen two ^ and one ? of this distinct species.

10. Panoepa cognata, Rambur. (PI. IV. fig. 10) *

P. cognata, Rambur, Nevrop, p. 330 (1842) ; Eaton,
Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 1867, p. 397; McLach. TranS.
Ent. Soc. Lend. 1868, p. 216. P. germanica, Brauer,
Keurop. Aust. p. 36 {nee Linn.). P. alpina, Hag, Ent.
Ann. 1858, p. 32 [nee Rambur).

Central Europe, South of England, Belgium.

Wings less marked than any of the European species,
excepting P. alpina, and the markings are brown, and
not black or blackish ; ordinarily there is a small dot at
the commencement of the second sector, a large more or
less quadi'ate spot at the pterostigma, scarcely united
to a smaller one below it, and an irregular apical spot
(but frequently theie are only the apical spot and that
at the pterostigma) . The third abdominal segment is
considerably produced in the middle of its apical margin
above; sixth oblong, longer than broad, somewhat pro-
duced at its apex above, the sides excised; seventh sub-
cylindrical, its upper edge scarcely swollen near the base,
concave towards the apex, and with the apex slightly

6B Mr. R. McLachlan on

elevated, rather shorter than the sixth ; eij^hth cylindri-
cal, obscurely cone-shaped ; appendices of the terminal
segment long-, cylindrical, straight, slightly divergent.
Head and terminal segments reddish.

Eambur was unacquainted with the locality of his type,
and thought it might be exotic ; but it undoubtedly re-
presents this leather local European species.

{S^jccics insu^ciently known to mc) .
11. Panorpa picta, Hagen, (PI. IV. fig. 11).

P. picta, Hagen, Wien. Ent. Monatsch. vol. vii, p. 199

(1863).

Asia Minor and South Russia.

The male of this species is yet unknown. Hagen's
type from Asia Minor is a $ , and I possess an example
of that sex, received from Professor Zeller {'iiir/riroatris,
Zeller, MS.), collected by Kindei-mann in Southern
Russia, which I believe to belong- to this species^ though
it is considerably smaller (exp.alar. 144 li^^- =30^ mill.)
than the dimensions given by Hagen.

It is a large insect, with the body (rostrum included),
save the terminal abdominal segments, deep black, and
belonging to section b. The wings are broad and obtuse,
slightly tinged with yellowish, and with the black mark-
ings strongly indicated. At the base of the disc of the
anterior wings is an isolated spot, above which, on the
costi, is a smaller one ; before the middle is a broad
irregular fascia ; in the middle of the costa a large spot;
a broad sub-apical fascia, forked in its lower half, and
much constricted before the furcation ; and a broad apical
band, enclosing a large hya'ine spot in its lower half.

The only European species with a complete fascia be-
fore the middle.

12. Panorpa eufostigma, Westwood.

P. rufostigma, Westw. Trans. Ent. Soc, Lond. vol. iv.
p. 186 (1845).

Albania.

Indicated by Westwood as perhaps a var. of P. ger-
manica, and remarkable for its large red pterostigma.
The type is in the collection of Mr. S. S. Saunders, of
Corfu, and I am unable to give any more precise infor-
mation concerning the species. A Grecian species is
also noticed by Stein (Berl. Ent. Zeits., 1863, p. 414)

Fanorjw. C9

under P. coimmmis, which may possibly be the ? of
Westwood's insect; and both may be the same as P.
gibberosa {ante, p. 04).

JDcscription of a new species from Java.
Panorpa nematogaster, n. sp. (PL IV. fig. 12).

P. nigra. Thoracis dorsum rufc-varium ; pectus pe-
desque rufi vel rufo-fusci. Abdominis segmentum
Sum processu curvato supra in medio Icnge produc-
tum ; 4tum tuberculo uno supra instructura ; 6am 5to
duplo Icngius, apicem versus gradatiin paullo angus-
tius, truncatum ; 7um et 8uin singulatim Gto duplo
longius, per-angustum, apicem versus paullo grada-
tim dilatatum; 9um parvum, forcipe elongato, ap-
pendicibus crassis, rectis. Alae per-angust£e, flavo-
testacese, nitid^e, haud signatte ; pterostigmate
rufo-fuscescente. Tarsorum ungues bi-dentati.

Long. Corp. ^ lOf", ? C" ; cxp. alar. J 13^'", ?
14"'.

Hah. — Java. In Muss. Brit. (Wallace), et Oxon.

c?. Head, antenncc, and abdomen dull black. Pro-
notum black, posteriorly reddish at the sides. Meso-
and meta-nota red, the former black in front. Breast
red, with two small black dots on each side. Eostrum
reddish, with a broad lurid stripe down the front. Palpi
reddish, the apical joint black. Legs reddish ; claws of
the tarsi with two broad and blunt teeth internally below
the apex. Wings very narrow, shining pale yellowish
testaceous, without markings of any kind, save that the
pterostigma is slightly fuscescent ; veins blackish, sub-
costa reaching to the pterostigma in the anterior wings.
Abdomen very slender ; third segment produced in the
middle of its apical mai-gin above, into a long slender
cuiwed process, slightly dilated at the extremity ; fourth
with a small tubercle in the middle above ; third, fourth,
and fifth nearly equal in length ; sixth nearly twice the
length of the fifth, gradually but slightly narrowed to-
wards the apex, which is obliquely truncate ; seventh
and eighth each about twice the length of the sixth, very
slender, the apex gradually dilated ; ninth small, the
forceps very long, the points curved and crossing each
other, appendices short and thick, straight.

w- $ . Differs in the breast and legs, being more ob-
scurely reddish, somewhat fuscescent.

79 Mr. R. McLachlan on Panoqm.

A singular species ; remarkable for the Iblig and very
slender abdomen of the male, and for the pale wings
without markings, which give it somewhat the appear-?
ance of a small Bittactcs. There is one c? and one
? in the collection of the British Museum (formerly in
that of Mr. W. W. Saunders), collected in Java by Mr.
A. R. Wallace ; and one S in the Oxford Museum.

I do not know P. Cliarpenticri of Burmeister, from the
'^ East Indies," which, from the brief diagnosis, is a very
slender species, without markings, save one dot in each,
wing.

Note on the distribution of the genus Panorpa.

TJp to the present time about thirty-six species have
been noticed. In Europe and the adjoining countries,
twelve ; some of these, no doubt, extend to North Africa,
but the genus has not been brought from the tropical
and southern parts of that Continent ; three are described
from the Asiatic Continent, excluding Caucasia and Asia
Minor ; five are indicated from Japan, some of which,
probably, occur also in North China ; three from Java ;
and about thirteen from North America. South America
has not as yet furnished any species, though it is probable
that some may occur in Chili. From Australia they are
also absent, for P. ruficeps, of Newman, which comes from
that quarter, should be referred to "Westwood's genua
Euphania^ as a second species.

* It appears to me that Eupha^ia is identical with- Qhoxistq>.-oi^K]i^B i
^Xii that E. luteola is the same as C. anstralis.

' E-saplanaUon of Plate JF.

(PanofT^a; a 'dehbtee apex of abdomen; b, appendices).

I'ig. 1. Anterior wing of P. alpina, S ■ (1»i 1^).

2. J, „ P. caucasica, ^ . (2a, 26).

3. „ „ P. communis, S • (3a, 3b),
'4. ,, „ P. fjermanica, $. (la^ 46).

•'6. „ „ P.gihlerosa, <J . (5a, 56).

6. „ ,, P. connexa, S • (6ai 66).

7. „ „ P. meridionalis, $ . (7a, IV).
?• I, ■ „ " P< annexa, <J . (8a, 86).

. 9. „ „ P. Ghilianii, <J (9a, Q6).

1^ ,, „ P. cojnata, S ■ (10a, i06).

II.' M ., P-x-icta, ^'.

12. P. nematogaster, abdomen of ^, and tenninal-seg-
ment maguihed.

( 71 )

XI. DcscripHovs of new Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera.
By W. C. HjiWiTsoxV, F.L.S.

[Read 5th Aprils 1869.]

The following are descriptions of six new species of
butterflies, belonging to the genera I^cptalis, Fieri s, Cata-
gromma, IlcfcrocJiroa, and Atcrica ; to those is added a
description of the male of Harma Hypatha, the female of
■roliich has been fio^ured in "Exotic Butterflies."

1 . Lcjjtalis CartJicsis.

Male. Upperside. Dark brown. Antoi'ior wing long
and narrow, costal margin much and regularly curved,
apex rounded, outer margin sinuate : crossed at the
middle by a band divided into four by the nervures,
deeply sinuate (nearly cut in two) on its inner margin
near and below the sub-costal nervure : a sub-apical band
of three spots, and a large oval spot on the inner margin,
all white. Posterior wing with the costal half polished,
and bordered outwardly by a band of white, dentate on
its outer border at the nervures ; the wing beyond this
band brown.

Underside. Anterior wing with the basal half (except
the costal margin, which is brown) polished ; the spot
on the inner margin much larger, the central band the
same as above ; beyond it brown, the apical band larger,
divided into five by the nervures. Posterior wing brown,
the costal margin, a band below and parallel to it (partly
orange), three spots below this (two tinted with orange),
and a central band from the base, yellow ; below this
band, rufous crossed by dark brown nervures, and a sub-
marginal band of pale yellow spots.

Exp. 22'o inches.

Hah. — Demerara.

In the collection of Mr. Herbert Druce.

I do not know any species with which to compare this.
It has the form of L. Astijuovic and the colour of L. Crl'
tomedia.

TKANS. ZNT. SOC. 1869. — PAET I. (APEIL) .-

72 Mr. W. C. Hewitson on

2. Pieris Favor eia.

Upperside, white. Anterior wing with the costal mar-
gin dark brown, narrow : the apex and outer margin
broadly dark brown, deeply sinuate on its inner border
and marked by five hastate white spots indistinct below
the apex. Posterior wing with the margin (which is
broken into spots ueir the anal angle) and three or four
spots near the apex, dark brown.

Underside, white, tinted with yellow on the posterior
wing. Anterior wing with the apical spots much larger
than above, six in number, and tinted with yellow. Pos-
terior wing with the base, a spot at tlio end of the cell,
and the outer margin, brilliant yellow, with two sub-
marginal bands of black spots ; the inner band of seven
large spots.

Exp. 2^ inches.

Hub. — Cape Coast Castle.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Very near to P. Calj/pso, but, I believe, distinct. It
is without the black spots which mark the end of the
cell on both wings of that species.

3. Catagravima Aplddna.

Male. Upperside. Black : the fringe of both wings
spotted with white. Anterior wing with the basal half
carmine ; a sub-apical bifid band of white, with some
irrorations of white at each end of it. Posterior wing
with two or three srtots of r^ale blue near the anal angle.

Underside. Anterior wing as above, except that the
costal margin at its base is yellow, that there is a line of
blue near and parallel to the costal margin, that the sub-
apical band is longer and tinted with yellow, and that
there is a sub-marginal band of CcBrulean blue, and be-
tween it and the apex a band of gray. Posterior wing
lilac-gray : the base yellow : two lines of dark brown
commence at the base of the costal margin each by a
carmine spot, run nearly straight and parallel to each
other and the inner margin to the anal angle, are con-
tinued near the outer margin and slightly undulated, and
join the costal margin near the middle : these lines enclose
between them, near the anal angle, some spots of cgeru-
lean blue : the outer margin dark brown : at the centre

Kcw species of Diurnal Lepidopiera. 73

of the wing there are two large black spots, one (near
the costal margin) marked by three spots of cserulean
blue, the other with two, all bordered with ochreoua
yellow.

Exp. ly^^ inch.

Hah. — Venezuela (Valencia).

In the collection ofW. C.Hewitson. From Mr. Goering.

Near to C. Thamyras, of Menetries. The underside
of the posterior wing is, however, of a very different and
unusual colour, and unlike any other butterfly.

4. Heterochroa Cciphira.

Female. Upperside. Dark brown. Both wings crossed
by a broad white band, which commences at the second
median nervulc of the anterior wing, where it is crossed
by black nervures, and ends at the anal angle of the
posterior wing, crossed by white nervures. Anterior
wing with four black lines in the cell: a large spot near
the costal margin beyond its middle, two small spots be-
low this, and two near the apex, all orange: two sub-
marginal black bands. Posterior Aviug with three sub-
marginal bands.

Underside. Rufous brown, with the central band as
above. Anterior wing with the base white, crossed in
the cell by a line of brown, followed by a large white
spot, and beyond the cell by two small ones, all bordered
with black (as in H. Melona) ; the orange spots of the
upperside white, the apical spots forming part of a sub-
marginal band of spots, between which and the margin
there is another band of spots, also white. Posterior
wing with the base white, crossed by two rufous bands:
the central band bordered above with rufous-brown, the
wing below the white band dark brown, crossed by three
bands of pure white, and a fourth band much less distinct.

Exp. 2^ inches.

Hah. — Venezuela (Valencia) .

In the collection of W. C. Hewitscn. From Mr.
Goering.

6. Aterica Zeugma.

Female. Upperside. Orange-rufous. Anterior wing
with two spots within the cell bordered with dark brown s

H Mr. W. C. Hewitson ou

tho apical half dark brown, crossed obliquely by a band
of white divided into five parts by the nervures : a sub-
apical band of four white spots. Posterior wing darker
near the outer margin^ with two sub-marginal bands of
brown spots.

Underside. Rufous-yellow, with the outer margins
rufous brown. Anterior wing with the band and spots
of white as above : a spot in the cell and the inner
margin of the band dark brown. Posterior wing with a
spot in the cell and an oblique band before the middle
(dark on the costal margin, indistinct below) both dark
brown, the submarginal bands marked by pale spots,
those of the inner band white.

Exp. 2 j^Q- inches.

Eah.— Old Calabar.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Like the females of A. Tadema and Aynpedusa abore :
but much brighter in colour, and completely different on
the underside.

6. Aterica Ahesa.

Male. Uppersido. Bark blue-brown (so dark that it
is not easy to see the still darker spots) . Anterior wing
with two spots within, and one outside the cell : crossed
by bands iDefore and after the middle, and by two sub-
marginal bands of large dark brown spots. Posterior
wing without spots.

Underside. Lilac-gray, rufous at the inner margin of
the anterior wing : both wings clouded with pale brown,
both crossed near the middle by a zig-zag brown line,
followed on both by a band of small brown spots. An-
terior wing with a small brown spot, and two larger
spots, bordered with brown, witliin the cell : a pale spot
on the costal margin beyond the middle. Posterior
wing with two or three small black spots at the base.

Exp. 2 Jjf inches.

Hub. — Cape Coast Castle.

In the collection of W. C. Hewitson.

Like A. Veronica and Ccendea on the upperside, but
very different from any other species on the underside.

Neiu species of Diurnal Lepidojptcra. 75

7. Harma Hyjpatlia, c?.

? . Harma Hypatha, Hew. Ex. Butterflies, vol. iii.
pi. 21), figs. 7, 8.

Male. Upperside. Orange. Both wings crossed by
a band of black, which commences at the second median
nervule of the anterior wing, and extends to near the
anal angle ; the base and abdominal fold of the posterior
wing, and the outer margin of both wings, brown, irro-
rated with yellow; both with a sub-marginal band of
black spots. Posterior wing with a line of black at the
anal angle.

Underside. Rufous-brown, tinted with lilac ; darker
from the base to the middle, where they are crossed by
a slightly undulating line of dark brown, followed by a
band of indistinct brown spots, and by a sub-marginal
band of small brown spots bordered below with paler
colour, both with a zig-zag line at the middle of the
costal margin. Anterior wing with two spots within
the cell bordered with brown. Posterior wing with a
brown spot within the cell, and two sub-basal spots of
pale yellow.

Exp. 3^^ inches.

Ba&.— Old Calabar.

In the collection of Mr. Herbert Druce.

Resembles H. Thcodota and Hyarhita of the " Exotic
Butterflies."

( 77 ) CV.

XII. Notes on Eastern Butterflies. By Alfred I^.
Wallace, F.Z.S., V.P. Eut. Soc, &c.

[Read 5th April, 1869.]

As ray collection still contains some undescribed species,
many sexes and variations not yet noticed, and specimens
from many localities which have not yet been published,
I propose to give a series of short papers embodying
whatever information I possess on the genera which are
more especially characteristic of the Malay Archipelago and
adjacent regions. I hope thus to furnish some materials
towards the general catalogue of butterflies now prepar-
ing by Mr. Kirby, as well as to correct a few errors in
specific and sexual determinations, and in synonymy,
which those who have had less copious materials may
have fallen into.

I begin with the genera Myncs and Prothoc.

Genus Mynis, Westwood.

The genus Myiies originated with Boisduval, who
placed in it two species, M. Leticis, Boisd., and M. Geoffroyi,
Gutr. (the Nymphalis Geotfrnyi of Guerin Mtneville), but
gave no characters whatever by which to distinguish it.
Professor Westwood, in the Genera of Diurnal Lepidop-
tera, first chai-acterized the genus, taking as the type
Mynes Genfroyi, the only species at that time existing in
the national collection. In 1862, Mr. Hewitson figured
and described several forms (which he considered varie-
ties) of Mynes Lends, collected by myself. A little later
Vollenhoven described as distinct one of the varieties
figured by Mr. Hewitson; but I cannot find that any
other author has occupied himself wth the genus, owing
perhaps, to the great rarity of all the species.

On comparing my specimens with Westwood's de-
scription of the genus, I found, to my astonishment, that
M. Leucis and its allies differ most remarkably from M.
Geofjroyi, in the neuration of the wings and other charac-
ters, so as to render it impossible to keep them in the
same genus ; while they agree so closely with ProtJioe as
to make it equally impossible to separate them from that
genus. The antennse, palpi, and feet, the form of the
discoidal cell, and especially the curious and unusual
arrangement of the branches of the subcostal vein, are

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART I. (APRIL) .

78 Mr. A. R. Wallace on

identical in bofch; so that notwithstanding a slight differ-
ence of facies and of marking, and a remarkable contrast
in geographical distribution, I feel compelled to place
Lends and its allies in the genus ProtJioc. The genus
Mynes is thus reduced to the single species M. Gec^'royi,
to which, however, I have now to add two new ones.
This small group consists of rather active insects, fre-
quenting the more sunny parts of the forest, and settling
On foliage or on flowers. Their head-quarters are New
Guinea, and the adjacent islands of the Papuan group.

1. Mynes Geopfroyi.

Kymphalis Geofroyi, Guerin, V07. de la Coqiiille, Ins.
pi. 16, f. 1.

Mynes Geofroyi, Boisd. Voy. de PAstrolabe, Entom. pt. 1,
p. 130 ; Westwood, Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 268.

Hah. — New Guinea (Dorey) ; Salwatty ; Waigiou
(Wallace).

The female differs in having the ground-colour of the
wings paler greenish-white, and the dark margins less
intense and less sharply defined. The apical spots on the
under surface are less yellow. A beautiful variation
occurs, in which the disc of the under surface of the
hind-wings is almost covered with a large oval transverse
white spot washed with rich yellow towards the anal
margin. This specimen (a male) was found at Dorey,
along with others having the usual black hind-wings,
and I was, at first, disposed to consider it a distinct
species; but in a female specimen from Salwatty, I
observe the commencement of a similar white spot which
is unequal on the opposite wings, showing the tendency
of this part to sport or variation.

2. Mynes Guerini, n. sp.

Female. Apex of upper wings more rounded, and the
short tails of the hind wings rather more divergent
thgn in M. Geojroyi.

tlppefside. Anterior wings with rather more than the
Outer half black, with a curved band of three or four
yellowish- white spots just within the apex; base green-
ish-white, with scattered dusky scales towards the limits

Eastern J^uitcrjlic;^, 70

of the black portion. Hind wings with a broad black
border^ within which is a broad slaty-greenish band, the
basal third of the "vvings being yellowish-white ; on the
outer posterior portion of the wing is a narrow submar-
ginal bluish-green band.

Underside. Almost entir'^ly black, the base and inner
margin of the anterior wings alone being Avhitish ; the
apical band as in M. Oeofroyi. but deep yellow, the white
spot on the costal margin almost obsolete. On the hind
wings the markings as in M. Genffroyi, but more defined,
and the yellow band deeper, within which are two faint
crenated ashy bands, not reaching the outer angle.

Expanse of wings, 2^ inches.

Sab. — Queensland, Australia. (Coll. Wallace, B. M.)

I received a single specimen in a small collection from
Queensland, and consider it to be undoubtedly distinct.
A rather larger specimen, also a female, and from the
same locality, is in the British Museum.

3. Mynes Doubledaii, n. sp.

Female. Form of wings as in M. Geoffrny!,.

Above, dusky brown ; the anterior wings yellowish at
the base, and with a yellow sub-apical arc divided by the
dusky nervures ; posterior wings whitish at the base and
abdominal margin.

Beneath, blackish brown ; anterior wings with the cell
yellow, apical arc more dilated than above, and continued
in a sub-marginal line to the outer angle, yellowish : a sub-
marginal yellow spot near the middle of the costa, an
irregular one attached to the end of the cell, and two
before the sub-apical arc ; an ovate red spot in the
middle of the outer margin on the inside of the submar-
ginal line. Hind-wings with the basal margin red, the
abdominal and posterior region yellow-ochreish, with
faint dusky lunulate bands, and a double marginal stripe
of yellowish-white.

Exp. S^iy inches.

Hab. — Ceram.

I receired this curious and very distinct species in a
collection from Ceram, and have named it after the late
Edward Doubleday, in the continuation of whose cele-
brated work, the Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera, the
genus was first described.

8b Kr. A. R. Wallace on

Genus Peothoe, Hiibner.

1. Prothoe Franckii.

Ni/m}:)lialis Franckii, Godt. Enc. Math. ix. p. 825.

Prothoe FrancJcii, Hiibn. Samml. exot. Schmett. ii. pi. .

Westwood, Gen. Diarn. Lap. p. 256, pi. 51. f. 3.
Pajyhia Franckii, Horsfield, Lap. of Java, pi. 5, f. 4, 4a..

Hah. — Java (Horsfiald), Malacca, Sumatra (Wallace).

This beautiful insect is not uncommon in Sumatra. It
has the habit of settling" with closed wings on sticks or
the trunks of trees, with which the peculiarly shaded
markings of its underside harmonise so as to render it
difficult to detect.

2. Prothoe Leucis.

Mynes Leucis, Boisd.Voy. del' Astrolabe, Ent.pt. I,p.l29j
Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 87,
var. A. d . (? ? ); var. b. pi. ix. f. 1, ? .

Nym2:)Jia.lis australis, Guer. Voy. de la Coquille, Ins.
pi. 14 bis, f. 4.

Hah. — T^ew Guinea (Dorey), Mysol, Salwatty, Waigiou
(Wallace) .

The specimens described by Boisduval and Guerin were
from Waigiou (Offack) . The females, as in some allied
forms, have the markings either white or yellow, the
males I believe alwaj's yellow. A considerable number of
specimens collected by myself shew that this species is
pretty constant in its external characters. This and the
allied species frequent shady places in the forest ; they
fly slowly, and the females often settle on the ground
while the males rest on low foliage.

3. Prothoe Muldeei.

Myncs Mulderi, Vollenh. Tidj . v. Ent. vi. 1 29, pi. 8. f. 1 , 2, c? .
Mynes Leucis, var. d., Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862, p. 88.
var. E., Hewits. I. c. pi. ix.". 2, 3.

Hah. — Batchian, Gilolo, Morty Is. (Wallace).

This species, like the last, has the females marked either
with white or ochreish yellow, the males with yellow of
a paler and clearer tint. This is a strikingly distinct
species, and is confined to the geographical sub-district
of the northern Moluccas.

Eastern Biitterjlies. 81

4. Pkothoe Westwoodii, n. sp,

Mynes Leucis, var. Y., Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,
p. 88. (?).

Form of wings as in P. Mulcleri, but the anterior are
less rounded, and the posterior more produced behind
into a broad tail.

Male. Above, resembles P. Mtilderi, but the spots are
less divided by the nervures, and the base is much less
ashy. The large spot on the hind-wings is obliquely
truncate towards the anal angle, not regularly rounded
as in P. Miilderi. Beneath, the spots on the disc are
paler and larger, the marginal spots very small on the
upper wings, the yellow caudal spot much larger, and the
two pairs of blue lunules above it united so as to form
complete heart-shaped figures.

Female. Differs from the corresponding sex of P.
Mulderi by the white patch on the anterior wings in-
cluding the two lower submarginal spots. The markings
are either pure white, or rather paler yellow than in the
male.

Hab. — Aru Islands.

The decided difference, both in form and markings,
although slight in amount, induces me to consider this a
distinct species.

5. Prothoe Hbwitsoni, n. sp.

Mynes Leucis, var. G., Hemtson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,
p. 88, pi. ix. f. 4, ? .

Hah. — New Guinea, Mysol. (Wall.)

The male agrees very closely with Mr. Hewitson's
figure of the female, the yellow bands being somewhat
narrowed, a little better defined, and more deeply
coloured. The underside has the same markings as
the upperside, with the basal and marginal spots and lines,
as in the allied species.

The three specimens which I possess, including both
sexes, agree so closely with each other, and are so re-
markably different from the allied forms, that I have no
hesitation in considering it a distinct species; and have
much pleasure in naming it after the gentleman to whom
we are indebted for thousands of accurate and beautiful
figures of butterflies.

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PAUT I. (apRIL) . Q

( 83 )

XIII. Characters of some undescrihed Species of Phyto-
phaga belonging to the Families Cassididse and
Hispid^. By J. S. Balt, F.L.S.

List of Species.

Cassidid^.
Dolichotoma distincta
Calaspidia Bacchus
Calaspidia connectens
Mesomphalia honorata
Batonota collaris
Batonota rifo-ornata

HlSPIDiE.

Alurnus ornatus
Eurispa Odewahnii
Eurispa normalis
Eurispa Howittii

Nicaragua.

Para.

Upper Amazons.

Bolivia.

Upper Amazons.

Nicaragua.

Nicaragua.
South Australia.
Queensland.
Melbourne.

Fam. CASSIDID^.

Dolichotoma distincta.

Late rotundata S , subrotundata ? , modice convexa,
subtus (cum capite) nigra, nitida, supra viridi-£enea,
subopaca, pube brevissima depressa adspersa; tho-
race fere impunctato, utrinque depresso, medio ten-
uiter canaliculato, antice leviter carinato; elytris
minus distincte rugoso-punctatis, antice retusis,
gibbosis, margine valde explanato (prsesertim in
medio S ) , obsolete transversim ruguloso, medio
macula magna insequali subrotundata ornato.

Long. 7^ lin.

Sah . — Nicaragua.

Much larger than D. hiplagiata and its allied species,
its elytra more finely punctured and less rugose, being
nearly intermediate in punctation between D. puhescens
and hiplagiata.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PAKT I. (aPKIl).

84 Mr. J. S. Baly on some

Calaspidea Bacchus.

Subrotundata, postice paullo angustata ^ , magis ovata

$ , convexa, nigro-asnea, subnitida ; elytris san-

guineis, distincte punctatis, limbo exterior! (basi

dilatato) maculisque impressis subseriatis nigro-

seneis.

Long. 7^-9^ lin.

Hah. — Para.

Antennee black, longer than the thorax, robust, taper-
ing at base and apex, third joint distinctly longer than
the fourth. Thorax twice as broad as long, sides some-
what obliquel}^ rounded and dilated to beyond the middle,
thence nearly parallel and slightly rounded to the base;
surface subopaque, broadly excavated on either side,
excavation impressed with a shining obtusely angled line ;
middle of disc nitidous, impressed with a fine longitudinal
groove. Elytra much broader than the thorax, shoulders
prominent, obtusely rounded ; sides obliquely rounded and
dilated nearly to their middle, thence obliquely rounded
and narrowed to their apex ; above convex, distinctly punc-
tured on the disc, the latter shining ; the dilated margin
subopaque, more finely punctured ; sanguineous, the
outer limb, dilated on the humeral margin, and numerous
depressed spots scattered over the surface, nigro-asneous ;
those on the disc small and arranged in nearly regular
longitudinal rows ; those on the dilated limb larger and
less regularly placed.

Most nearly allied to G. columbiana ; its antennse are
shorter and rather more robust, the sides of the thorax
are less oblique ; the nigro-eeneous border of the elytra
is much broader, and the patches of the same colour on
their dilated limb are much larger than in that species.

Calaspidea connecfens.

Subrotundata ^ , sub triangularis ? , convexa, viridi-
senea, subnitida, subtus nigra, nitida ; thorace long-
itudine duplo latiori, lateribus ad medium minus
oblique ampliatis, hinc ad basin fere parallelis, basi
ipsa paullo convergentibus, obtuse rotundatis ; elytris
subopacis, elevato-reticulatis, reticulis nitidis, areolas
minores includentibus, vitta lata sublaterali san-
guineo-reticulata, infra basin ad apicem extensa,
postice angustata ornatis; antennis thorace paullo
longioribus, gracilibus.

New 8j)ecies of Phytopliaga. 85

Long. 7-9 lin.

Hah. — Pebas^ Upper Amazons.

The present insect forms almost an intermediate link
between G. regalis and G. cliscors, agreeing in colouring
with the former J and in form of thorax, antennee, and
sculpture of elytra with the latter : from G. regalis it
may be at once known by the much more slender an-
tennee, and by the finer sculpture of the elytra ; the form
of the thorax is also entirely different; in G. regalis this
part of the body is much broader, and the sides are
obliquely rounded, and dilated considerably beyond their
middle ; in G. connectens (as also in G. cliscors) the thorax
is narrower, its sides are first produced almost directly
outwards (being only slightly and obliquely rounded)
to their middle : thence to their base they are nearly
parallel, and very obtusely rounded. The diagnosis
between G. discors and the species under considera-
tion is rather more clifiicult : the two insects entirely
agreeing in the slender antennse and form of thorax, but
difii"ering both in colouring and in the general form of
the body. The $ of G. connectens (judging from a single
specimen in my collection) is more rotundate and less
narrowed towards the apex of the elytra ; whilst the $
is more decidedly triangular in form, the elytra being
broader and less narrowed at the shoulders than in G.
discors; the red colour on the elytra is confined in G.
discors to a large ovate patch on the anterior half of the
dilated border; in G. connectens it forms a broad sub-
marginal stripe, similar to that on the elytra of G. regalis.

Mesomjphalia lionorata.

Subtriangularis, modice convexa, nigro-eenea, sub-
opaca; elytris pube brevi cinerea sparse adspersis,
ante medium gibbosis, disco tenuiter lateribus sat
profunde punctatis, elevato-reticulatis, reticulis sub-
nitidis, areolas parvas includentibus, plaga magna
trigonata, ab humero ultra medium et intus fere
ad suturam^ extensa, fulvo-flava fusco notata ornatis.

Long. 8^ lin.

Sah. — Bolivia.

Antennas black ; thorax more than twice as broad as
long, very slightly emarginate in front, sides produced

86 Mr. J. S. Baly on some

nearly directly outwards to beyond their middle, thence
very obtusely rounded and slightly converging to their
base ; upper surface very minutely punctured, slightly
excavated on either side, impressed in the medial line
with a very faint longitudinal groove. Elytra much
broader than the thorax, shoulders not produced, obliquely
rotundate-ampliate ; sides rotundate-angustate from the
shoulders to the apex, the latter conjointly acute ; upper
surface gibbose before the middle, the gibbosity obtuse,
slightly compressed on the sides, space in front of the
gibbosity covered with two or three large foveee, re-
mainder of the surface (base and apex of the dilated
border excepted) covered with slightly raised, irregular
reticulations ; those on the yellow patch (which, stretch-
ing along the outer margin of each elytron from the
shoulder to beyond the middle, extends inwards nearly
to the suture) coarser and more elevated than the rest ;
outer margin broadly dilated, the portion of its outer
edge covered by the yellow patch deeply punctured.

This insect resembles in form M. textiUs ; its colour,
however, is entirely different, and the lateral margin of
the elytra is much broader and flatter.

Batonota collaris.

Subtriangvilaris, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, supra
opaca, et pube brevi cinerea sparse adspersa ; anten-
narum basi pedibusque anticis intus, obscure flavis ;
thorace scutelloque obscure rufis, illo antice carinato ;
elytris obscure viridi-teneis, antice retusis, trans-
versim gibbosis, sat profunde punctatis, interstitiis
obsolete elevato-reticulatis ; margine laterali tenuiter
punctato ; humeris antrorsum paullo prominulis, apice
angulatis, obtusis, dorso carinatis.

Long. 5^ lin.

Kah. — Pebas, Upper Amazons.

Similar in form to the ? of B. truncata, the shoulders
less produced laterally, more obtuse, their anterior mar-
gin more distinctly rounded. Elytra deeply punctured,
the raised reticulations ill-defined, enclosing small irre-
gular spaces.

Batonota rvfo-ornata.

Sub-triangularis, convexa, subtus nigra, nitida, supra
obscure nigro-a^nea, opaca, pubc brevissima cinerea

New Species of PhytopJiaga. 87

adpressa parce adspersa; thorace tenuissime punc-
tatOj antice carinato, basi quadri-impresso^ antice
obsolete rufo marginato ; elytris basi retusis, trans-
versim gibbosis, minus profunde substriatim punc-
tatis^ vittis elevatis tribus, duabus prope suturam
altera prope disci medium positis, postice abbreviatis,
inter se ramulis connexis instructis, margine late
explanato^ parce tenuiter punctate 3 humeris latera-
liter productis, margine antico concayis^ apice acutis,
dorso carinatis; utrisque plagis duabus, una parva
reticulata dorso pone gibbum^ altera subovata sub-
marginali vix ante medium, fulvo-rufis, ornatis.

Long. 6^ lin.

Hah . — Nicaragua,

Very similar inform and sculpture to B. msidiosa; the
anterior border of the shoulders is more distinctly con-
cave, the dilated limb of the elytra is metallic green
beneath, and the fulvo-rufous patch is longer, extending
upwards nearly to the base of the limb.

Fam. HISPID^.

A lurnus orna his .

Subelongatus, niger, nitidus ; thorace antice subcylin-
drico, ad latera et ad basin sat profunde et crebre
punctate, sanguineo, margine basali medio paullo
dilatato, utrinque abbreviate, punctoque apicali ad
■ marginem adfixo, nigris ; elytris oblongis, flavis,
apice maculisque tribus utrisque nigris.

Long. 11 lin.

Hah . — Nicaragua .

The antennse in my specimens are unfortunately
broken, but the four lower joints are more slender than
in any of the other known species of the genus, the third
joint is more than three times the length of the fourth.
Thorax much narrower than the elytra, narrowed and
subcylindrical in front, transversely convex at the base,
basal half and sides coarsely and almost rugosely punctate,
middle portion of the anterior disc distantly punctured.
Elytra broader and shorter than in A. (V Orhignyi, punc-
tured in a similar manner, yellow ; their apical fourth, a
patch on the humeral callus, a second near the suture

88 Mr. J. S. Baly on some

halfway between the base and middle of the disc, and a
broad, slightly curved, transverse fascia, placed just be-
low the middle, and abbreviated some distance before
reaching either the suture or the outer margin, black.

Eurispa Odeivahnii.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, sub opaca, profunda
punctata, albo-squamulosa, abdominis segmentis
]3asi rufo-piceis ; capite ante oculos valde producto,
thorace cylindrico, pallide rufo-piceo, vittis tribiis
nigro-fuscis (duabus exterioribus minus distinctis)
ornato ; elytris sordide albo-fuscis, anguste flavo
marginatis, apice productis, utrisque spina brevi
acuta desinentibus, elevate- costatis, interstitiis pro-
funde punctato-striatis ; unguibus obsoletis.

Long. 3^-4 lin.

Hah. — Grawlor near Adelaide, South Australia.

This species, which was first sent to this country by
Mr. Odewahn, may be at once known from E. alhipennis
by the entirely different form of the head ; in the insect
now described, that portion of the face on which the
antennae are placed, is strongly produced anteriorly and
broadly truncate, the eyes being placed laterally halfway
between the truncate apex and the thorax. Head coarsely
granulose, deeply punctate, the upper surface of the frontal
prominence impressed with a deep longitudinal groove.
Thorax one-third longer than broad, narrowed from base
to apex, sides straight, sinuate just in front of the base,
and immediately behind the anterior angle ; disc deeply
impressed with large round punctures, each one of which
(as well as those on the head) is occupied by a single
broadly obovate white scale. Scutellum shining, black.
Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax, nearly parijllel,
narrowed at the apex, and produced far beyond the, ex-
tremity of the abdomen into a distinct tail, the apex of
each elytron being still further produced into a short,
flat, broad, acute spine; upper surface subcylindrical,
deeply striate-foveolate, each puncture being furnished
with a single scale, somewhat narrower than those cloth-
ing the head and thorax ; each elytron with four
distinct costge, the first and fourth unite just before
the apex and form a single costa, which runs onwards

New Species of Phytophaga. 89

until it reaches the apex of the caudal spine ; the second
and third unite just below the middle of the elytron, and
are continued onwards as a single raised line, which
gradually becomes less distinct, and is entirely lost be-
fore reaching the point of junction of the first pair. Legs
coarsely granulose, clothed, as well as the abdomen, with
adpressed obcuneiform scales, those on the tarsi narrow
and almost linear.

E. Odewahnii agrees with E. alhipennis in the total
absence (as a separate joint) of the fourth or claw joint
of the tarsi ; in both species the third is entire, and
evidently composed of the third and fourth so closely
soldered together, that not the slightest trace of su-
tural lines is visible even under a powerful lens; the
unguiculi are entirely absent. This abnormal form of
the tarsus was overlooked by me at the time of publica-
tion of the Catalogue of Hispidce ; and is, I believe,
peculiar to the two above-named insects. I cannot call
to mind another instance amongst the extensive tribe of
Phytophaga in which the claw is not fully developed as a
distinct joint of the tarsus.

Eurispa normalis .

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, albo-squamosa ;
capite supra, femoribus tibiisque pallide rufo-piceis,
thorace elytrisque sordide albidis; illo crebre foveo-
lato-punctato, fusco-trivittato, vittis duabus exteri-
oribus minus distinctis ; his apice attenuatis, utrisque
in caudam acutam dehiscentem productis, striato-
foveolatis, quadricostatis ; capite ante oculos vix pro-
ducto; unguibus distinctis.

Var. A. Thoracis vittis duabus obsoletis, pedibus nigris.

Long. 3^ lin.

Kah. — Queensland, Moreton Bay.

Body clothed with adpressed, narrow obcuneiform
scales, those on the legs, breast, and abdomen nearly
linear. Head between the eyes scarcely produced, ob-
tuse ; basal half of antennge obscure rufo-piceous. Thorax
about one-third longer than broad, cylindrical, scarcely
narrowed anteriorly, sides nearly parallel ; surface deeply
foveolate-punctate. Elytra subcylindrical, rather shorter
and broader than in E. Odeivahnvi, less produced at the
apex, the apex of each elytron forming an acute tail ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART I. (aPRIL) . H

90 Mr. J. S. Baly on Phytophaga.

upper surface sculptured as in the preceding species.
Claw large and distinct, articulating freely with the
third joint ; outer edge of tibise stained with black.

E. normalis resembles closely in form E. albipennis ;
it may be known at once from that insect, as well as from
E. Odeiuahnii, by the free claw joint.

In the two specimens that I possess of this species,
the thorax differs somewhat in form ; in one the thorax
is distinctly shorter, and the sides are bisinuate ; this
difference is probably sexual.

Eurispa Sowittii.

Filiformis, sub cylindrica, nigra, nitida, albo-squamosa ;
capite ante oculos vix producto, vertice nigro-piceo,
pedibus (tarsis exceptis) abdomineque pallide rufo-
piceis; thorace elytrisque albo-fuscis; thorace sub-
conico, minus crebre foveolato-punctato, medio vitta
nigro-picea ornato, lateribus vix sinuatis, albo-linea-
tis ; elytris subcylindricis, extus albo-limbatis, striato-
foveolatis, interstitiis apicem versus subcostatis,
apice attenuatis, utrisque in caudam acutam dorso
carinatam productis ; unguibus distinctis.

Long. 3| lin.
Hah. — Melbourne.

Body clothed with adpressed, narrow, white obcunei-
form scales, those on the legs linear. Thorax nearly a
third longer than broad, subconic, sides slightly converg-
ing from base to apex, upper surface less closely punc-
tured than in E. normalis, lateral border slightly thick-
ened, white. Elytra attenuated at the apex, each pro-
duced into a long acute tail ; surface deeply striate-
foveolate, interspaces behind the middle costate, the
costce uniting near the apex of the elytron into a single
strongly raised ridge, which runs along the caudal spine
to its apex.

Closely allied to the last described species, differing
principally in the more conical and less closely punctured
thorax, and in the absence of the elevated costse on the
anterior half of the elytra ; it possibly may be a local
variety.

( 01 )

XIV, A Bevision of the British Species o/Homalota. By
David Sharp, M.B.

[Read 5tb April, 1869.]

Having undertaken the revision of the British species of
the genus Hom-alota, with a view to the completion, as
far as possible, of a list of the native species, I now offer
the results of my study in the form of detailed descrip-
tions of all our species. I hope thus to enable such as
are willing to give the necessary care to the task to de-
termine their specimens of this most difficult genus.

Mr. Waterhouse's last catalogue contains eighty-nine
species of Eomalota ; of these, two find no place in my
paper, viz., H. dehiUcornis (to which a ? is attached by
Mr. Waterhouse), because I have found no specimen of
it extant ; and H. parvula, which has already been de-
clared by Mr. Watei'house to be a synonym of another
of the species of his catalogue. The present paper con-
tains descriptions of 157 species, of which twenty-nine
are considered as previously undescribed.

The length of the descriptive part of this paper is so
great, that I must refer the student to the works of
Erichson and Kraatz for all generalities with regard to
the genus ; for a like reason I have limited the synonymy
to the quotation of the original description, and to refer-
ences to Erichson^s " Genera et Species Staphylinorum,"
to Kraatz's 2nd vol. of the '^ Insecten Deutschland^s,^'
to Thomson's " Skandinavien's Coleoptera," and to Mr.
Waterhouse's catalogue.

I must, however, say a few words as to the arrange-
ment I have adopted.

In a genus containing such an inordinate number of
species as does the present one,* an arrangement by
which it shall be possible to discover the position of a
species without wading through an enormous number of
unclassified diagnoses, becomes absolutely necessary.
Thomson in his Skand. Col. has endeavoured to ac-
complish this by the division of the genus, as understood
by Erichson, by Kraatz, and by Lacordaire, into no less
than thirty distinct genera ; but the result of his attempt
is to much increase, instead of to diminish, the difficulty

* Harold's catalogue gives 412 as the number of described species of
the geuus, and Stein's recent catalogue of the European species makes
their number 230.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART II. (mAy). I

92 Dr. Sharp's Eevision of the

of determination of the species. Moreover, the undoubted
fact, that the species of the genus are, as a whole, closely
allied to one another, is disregarded by his having inter-
posed amongst these divisions a very considerable number
of quite alien genera ; as an instance of this, H. incana
is separated from the pretty closely allied if. nigella by a
crowd of Falagrice, Caloderce, Tachyusce, Oxypodm, and
even Myllcenoe. I have found myself quite unable to
take advantage of Thomson's divisions in any way ; but
I cannot notice his work, without bearing testimony to
the originality, acumen, and zeal, of which it displays
abundant marks.

Ki'aatz has, in the Insecten Deutschlands, proposed a
system of arrangement which has been found to be, on
the whole, a very serviceable one. I have, therefore,
adhered to this in the main ; though, as it has seemed to
me capable of simplification in some respects, I have in-
troduced considerable modifications. Kraatz's division
of the genus into two main groups, — I, with elytra longer
than the thorax ; — II, with elytra not longer than the
thorax — is altogether artificial, and of but little actual use,
as the first division contains 136 species, the second only
six. I have, therefore, put it entirely on one side, and
placed the few species with short elytra in immediate
proximity with their respective allies.

Kraatz gives altogether thirteen groups. I propose to
amalgamate some of these, and reduce the number of
sections to eight, as given hereafter ; and, moreover, to
arrange the species, in each section, in natural groups,
in such cases as I am able to find characters for these.
It must be understood, howevei% that the sections and
groups are often apparently but little natural, or charac-
teristic, as regards certain individual species ; and that
the device is adopted as a mere artificial assistance to
study, no actual lines of separation existing in nature
between the various groups and sections.

I may add, that I am proposing to attempt something
towards the completion of the knowledge of the European
species of the genus, if I can obtain the necessary material,
and shall feel much obliged to those who will assist me by
the communication of specimens.

I have already received the kindest assistance from
most of our British entomologists who have collections

British Species of Ilomalota. 93

of this g-enus^ notably from Messieurs Crotch, Power,
Rye, and Waterhouse : while M. Ch. Brisout de Barneville
has, by the loan of his types of species recently described
by him, rendered me an assistance for which I return
him my most sincere thanks : from Messieurs Scriba,
Fauvel, Thomson, and others, I have also received
important communications, and specimens ; and I most
cordially thank my friend Mr. G. R. Crotch, of Cam-
bridge, for the zealous assistance he has been able and
willing to render me, by means of his extensive relations
with European Coleopterists.

I adopt, then, eight sections.

A. Abdomen parallel ; thoeax quadeate (about as

BROAD AS long) ; THE SIX PENULTIMATE JOINTS OP
THE ANTENNiE LONGER THAN BROAD, OR NEARLY AS
LONG AS BROAD.

(Contains groups I. — V. Species 1 — 35) .

B. Abdomen parallel; thorax quadrate, or subquad-

RATE ; SIX PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNA
TRANSVERSE, BUT NOT VERY STRONGLY SO.

(Croups VI. and VII. Species 36 — 54) .

C. Abdomen parallel; thorax quadrate, or subquad-

RATE ; six PENULTIMATE JOINTS OF THE ANTENNAE
STRONGLY TRANSVERSE.

(Groups VIII. and IX. Species 55—63) .

D. Abdomen parallel ; thorax moderately transverse,

ITS SIDES evenly ROUNDED.

(Groups X.— XII. Species 64—78) .

E. Abdomen parallel ; thorax distinctly or strongly

TRANSVERSE ; PENULTIMATE JOINTS OJ" THE ANTENNiG
NOT, OR BUT MODERATELY, TRANSVERSE.

(Groups XIII.— XV. Species 79—107) .

F. Abdomen parallel ; thorax strongly transverse ;

PENULTIMATE JOINTS OP THE ANTENNA STRONGLY
TRANSVERSE.

(Groups XVI and XVII. Species 108—122) .

G. Abdomen a little narrowed to the apex ; the hind-

er ANGLES OP THE THORAX WELL MARKED : LIVE IN

ANTS NESTS.

(Group XVIII. Species 123—125) .

94 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

H. Abdomen more or less distinctly narrowed; hinder

ANGLES OP THE THORAX ROUNDED.

(Groups XIX.— XXII . Species 1 26—157) .

Section A.

Group I. Ahdomen with the sixth segment nearly im-
punctate. Male with a tubercle or Jceel on the upper side of
the sixth abdominal segment. (Species 1 — 7).

The seven species contained in this group form a really-
natural and well-defined cluster. H. languida is found
in marshes, as is also sometimes H. pavens ; the others
occur only on the banks of rivers and lochs.

1. Homalota ciirrax.

Depressa, sat lata, nigro-fusca, subtiliter punctata, pe-
dibus obscure testaceis, antennis tenuibus, apicem versus
haud incrassatis ; thorace basin versus angustato; elytris
thorace longioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 sat
dense punctatis, segmento sexto Isevigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto dorsali medio ante
apicem tuberculo acuto, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo ;
segmento 7° ventrali producto.

H. currax, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 198 ; Wat. Cat. Brit. Col.

A large, dark species, with slender legs and antennae,
and close and fine punctuation. The antennee are as
long as the head, thorax, and half the elytra, pitchy-
black, the basal joints pitchy, slender, not thickened
towards the apex, each joint considerably longer than
broad, the second and third of about equal length ; from
the fourth to the tenth each joint slightly shorter than
the preceding one ; the eleventh joint abovit half as long
again as the tenth, about the length of the first joint.
Head black, broad, but evidently narrower than the
thorax, with a distinct longitudinal impression on the
upper surface ; very finely punctured, the palpi pitchy-
testaceous. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as
broad as long, the sides rounded in front, then evidently
narrowed behind the middle ; the base a good deal
rounded, so that the posterior angles are very obtuse ',

British Species of Homalota . 95

very finely and closely punctured with a central longitu-
dinal channel, beginning at an obscure impression in
front of the scutellum, and not reaching to the front of
the thorax. Elytra one-third longer, and nearly one-
third broader than the thorax, their length about equal
to their breadth, closely and very finely punctured. Ab-
domen with segments 2-5 above distinctly and tolerably
densely punctured, sixth smooth and shining. Legs dirty
yellow.

The male has on the upper surface of the sixth seg-
ment of the abdomen, a large, pointed, keel-like, tubercle
before the apex ; the hind margin of the seventh segment
is furnished with four, small, distinct teeth, two placed
very near one another in the middle, and one at each
side ; between the middle ones and the external ones the
margin is very obsoletely crenulate ; the under plate of
the seventh segment is also narrower, and more pro-
longed behind than in the female.

A fine and very distinct species, not likely to be con-
founded with any other. H. hyyrotopora is somewhat
similar in appearance, but has shorter and stouter an-
tennas, and the thorax scarcely narrowed behind.

Found not uncommonly on the banks of rivers and
streams in the North of England and Scotland.

There are specimens of H. currax in the British Museum,
sent by Dr. Kraatz ; they agree entirely with our British
ones.

2. Homalota languida.

Subdepressa, nigro-fusca, dense subtilissime punctata,
antennis abdominisque segmentorum marginibus rufo-
fuscis, antennarum basi pedibusque flavis ; antennis
elongatis, apicem versus lenissime incrassatis ; thorace
subquadrato, basin versus vix angustato; elytris hoc
longioribus ; abdcmine supra segmentis 2-5 subtiliter
confertissime puiictatis, sexto laeviusculo. Long. l|-2 lin.

Mas J abdomine segmento sexto supra in medio tuber-
culo acuto, 7° apice denticulis 6, 4 intermediis approxi-
matis, instructo ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ob-
tuse angulato.

H. languida, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 318 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 86 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 213; Disopora languida,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 58.

90 Dr. Sharp's Revisiotb oj the

Var. — Minor, (long. 1| lin.)

H. longicollis, Muls. Op. i. 18 ; Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit.
1866, p. 379.

Variat, colore fere toto testaceo, plus minus ve infuscato.

A tolerably large, bvit rather narrow, species ; the an-
tenntB are long, scarcely thickened towards the apex,
first, second, and third joints elongate, and of about equal
length, the third about half as long again as the fourth :
from the fourth to the tenth each joint is a little shorter
than the preceding one ; the length of each joint is greater
than its breadth, eleventh joint about half as long again
as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the thorax,
with a distinct channel in front (often absent in the small
var.); together with the thorax finely punctured and
pubescent. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as
long as broad, the sides nearly straight, scarcely at all
narrowed behind, thickly and finely punctured, with an
obsolete fovea in the middle at the base. Elytra a little
longer than the thorax, and redder in colour than it,
about as long as broad, thickly and finely punctured.
Abdomen with the hind margins of the segments paler ;
segments 2-5 very densely and finely punctured, the sixth
nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

The male has a distinct tubercle in the middle of the
sixth abdominal segment, and the hind margin of the
seventh is furnished with six small, but distinct teeth,
four placed rather near one another in the middle, and
one at each outside ; the seventh segment underneath is
not rounded at the apex, but pointed, the point being,
however, only a very obtuse angle.

This is a very distinct species, and differs from the
following by its thorax not narrowed behind, and its
very densely punctured abdomen, as also by its difi'erent
colour, antennae, &c.

Yery rare. I have taken a male specimen at Hammer-
smith Marshes, and have seen a few others from the
neighbourhood of London.

The small var. longicollis is also very rare, but has
been several times taken near London; Scriba has fol-
lowed Mulsant in regarding it as specifically distinct ;
but he has considered the next following species as H.
languida (I am indebted to him for the inspection of his
types) ; so that his opinion must be put aside.

Specimens of H. languida, sent by Kraatz to the British
Museum, agree entirely with our British ones.

British Species of Hotnalota. 97

3. Homalota insecta.

Fusco-picea, subdepressa, subnitida, subtiliter punc-
tata, autennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, elytris fuscis ;
thorace basin versus angustato, medio canaliculate ; ab-
domine supra segmentis 2-5 dense subtiliter punctatis.
Long. 2 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento sexto medio tuberculo
acuto, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo.

H. insecta, Tli. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 93 ; Aloco-
nota insecta, Tli. Sk. Col. iii. 8. H. languida, Scriba,
Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 379.

A species nearly as large as H. currax, but narrower
in proportion to its length than that species. Antennae
pitchy-testaceous, with the base paler ; moderately stout,
and evidently, though not 'strongly, thickened towards
the apex : first, second, and third joints elongate, of
about equal length ; fourth to ninth each of about equal
length, but each one a little thicker than the preceding,
so that though the length of the fourth joint is much
greater than its width, the ninth is about as broad as
long ; tenth scarcely transverse ; eleventh oblong-ovate,
nearly twice as long as the tenth. Palpi testaceous.
Head a little narrower than the thorax, much narrower
than the elytra, with a distinct longitudinal impression on
the upper surface ; finely punctured. Thorax narrower
than the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth, the
sides rounded in front, then distinctly narrowed from the
middle towards the base, thickly and finely punctured,
and with a distinct channel along the middle. Elytra
narrower at the shoulders than at the apex, a little
longer than the thorax, lighter in colour than the head
and thorax, thickly and finely punctured. Abdomen with
segments 2-5 evenly, and rather densely, and finely,
punctured; sixth shining and nearly impunctate, ex-
tremity of seventh a little paler. Legs yellow.

The male has a distinct tubercle in the middle of the
sixth segment above, and the apex of the seventh seg-
ment furnished with four small indistinct teeth, varying
in the extent of their development, and sometimes very
obsolete.

This species is closely allied to H. pavens, Er. It is
on the average a little larger, has the head and the
thorax more shining and more sparingly punctured, the
antennae not so much thickened towards the apex, and

98 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

with the joints longer than in pavens. The head and
thorax are more distinctly channelled^ the thorax rather
longer in proportion to its widths and more narrowed
behind than in H. pavens. I have seen it placed in col-
lections both as H. languida and H. pavens. It is readily
distinguished from languida by the thicker joints of the
antennae, the thorax narrowed behind, and the abdomen
not so densely punctm^ed,

I have seen no specimen named by Thomson, and have
identified the species only by his description. He says
(Sk. Col. iii. 9) , that the male characters are difierent from
H. lissonura [pavens, Er.), but as he makes no mention
whatever of what these characters are, I fancy the male
of H. insecta was unknown to him, especially as it is
much rarer than the female.

Generally distributed, but uncommon. London, Scot-
land, Carnarvon.

I possess thirty-two specimens of this species, of which
only three are males.

4. Homalota pavens.

Linearis, sub-opaca, dense subtiliter punctata, elytris
antennisque fuscis, harum basi pedibusque testaceis;
thorace subquadrato, basin versus subangustato, obsolete
canaliculate ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 sat dense
subtiliter punctatis, 6° Isevigato. Long. If lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento sexto medio carinula longi-
tudinali elevata, segmenti apicem fere attingente, seg-
mento 7° apice denticulis 4 instruct©.

H. 'pavens, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 689; Gen. et Spec. Staph,
85; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii, 214. H. qui squili arum, Er.
Kjif. Brand, i. 317; Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 337. Aloco-
nota lissonura, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 9. H. sulcifrons, Wat.
Cat.

Var. — Elytris thorace fere brevioribus.

Larger than H. elongatula, and not so flat and de-
pressed. The antennte are pitchy testaceous, with the
base a little paler, moderately long and stout, a little
thickened towards the apex; 1st, 2nd, and 3rd joints
moderately long, of about equal length, the fourth joint
not much more than one half the length of the third,
from the 4th to the 10th each joint is shorter and a little
stouter than its predecessor, 4th and 5th longer than

British Species of Homalota. 99

broad, 6-8 about as long as broad, 9 and 10 a little trans-
verse, lltli ovate, acuminate, about twice as long as the
tenth. Palpi testaceous. Head a little narrower than
the thorax, thickly and finely punctured, with an obsolete
fovea in front. Thorax narrower than the elytra, its
length abovit equal to its breadth, the sides a little rounded
in front, then slightly narrowed towards the base, densely
and finely punctured, with a not very distinct channel.
Elytra fuscous, scarcely longer than the thorax, not so
long as broad, finely and tolerably densely punctured,
the punctuation not so dense as on the thorax. Abdomen
Avith segments 2-5 thickly and finely punctured, 6th
nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

The male has an elongate raised tubercle on the upper
side of the sixth abdominal segment, which reaches nearly
to the apex, and the hind margin of the seventh segment
is armed with four indistinct teeth.

Not common. Nithsdale, Rannoch, Edinburgh, Brigh-
ton. The male is much rarer than the female.

I have a small variety found in Nithsdale, in which the
elytra are not quite so long as the thorax.

Ohs. — In the Brit. Mas. are four specimens of H. pa-
vens sent by Dr. Kraatz ; these agree with the examples
just described. It is, I believe, the H. sulcifrons of Mr.
Waterhouse's Catalogue, but I cannot say with certainty
whether it is Stephens^ Aleochara sulcifrons. His name
would appear to point rather to H. insecta.

5. Homalota Eichoffi.

Depressa, nitidiuscula, nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque
fuscis, pedibus testaceis, subtiliter hand confertim punc-
tata; capite subtriangulari, antennis tenuibus, apicem
versus vix incrassatis ; thorace subquadrato, postice sub-
angustato ; elytris hoc paullo longioribus ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-5 subtiliter minus crebre punctatis, segmento
sexto fere leevigato. Long. 1\ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo
acuto; 7° apice medio denticulis 2, lateribus utrinque
denticulo singulo obsolete, instruct©.

H. Eichoffi, Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1867, p. 390.

A delicate fragile species allied to S. camhrica, {velox,
Kr.) . Pitchy, shining, the antennae, legs, and elytra

100 Dr. Sharp's Bevlsion of the

paler; antennae rather long and slender, a little thick-
ened towards the apex, third joint not quite so long as
the second, about twice as long as the fourth, fourth not
so long as fifth, 5-10 differing little in length, the 5th dis-
tinctly, the 10th scarcely, longer than' broad, eleventh
oval, half as long agaiu as the tenth. Head large, a little
narrower than the thorax ; shining, narrowed in front,
with an indistinct impression between the eyes, very finely
punctured. Thorax but little narrower than the base of
the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth, the sides
a little narrowed towards the base ; very finely and pretty
densely punctured, with a short channel or impression,
in front of the scutellum. Elytra scarcely longer than
the thorax, narrower at the base than at the apex, their
length not quite so great as their width ; their punctuation
not quite so fine as that of the thorax. Abdomen some-
what narrowed towards the apex, segments 2-4 above
finely and rather sparingly punctured, the fifth segment
not quite so thickly punctured, 6th almost impunctate.
Legs yellow.

In the male the 6th abdominal segment is furnished
above with a distinct pointed tubercle, and the posterior
margin of the seventh with four teeth, two distinct ones
placed close together in the middle, and an obsolete one
on each side.

Distinguished from H. camhrica, by being rather larger,
n^o-e shining, with a differently shaped head, by its rather
stouter antennse, and by its shorter and paler elytra.

Found by Mr. Crotch and myself on the borders of
Loch Eannoch in Perthshire, May, 1866.

Obs. — Judging from description only, this species must
be allied to H. debilicornis, Er., Kr., which species is
placed as British in Mr. Waterhouse's Catalogue, but as
I have never seen a British specimen, and there was
probably a mistake in the determination, the name must
be erased from our Catalogue.

6. Honialota camhrica.

Depressa, vix nitida, dense subtilissime punctata, an-
tennis elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis ; antennis ten-
uibus; thorace subquadrato, posticevix angustato; elytris
hoc fere sesqui longioribus; abdomine supra segmentis
2-5 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, segmento sexto lasvi-
gato. Long. 1^ lin.

British Species of Homalota. 101

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo
acuto ; segmento 7° margine posteriore medio deuticulis
2, utrinque denticulo obsoleto instructo.

H. camhrica, Wollaston, Zoologist, 1855, App. p. ccv.
H. velox, Kr. Ins. Deutscli. ii. 201.

Var. — Capite antice foveolato.

A delicately formed species, somewhat like H. gre-
garia, but much smaller and more fragile. Antenna
slender, longer than the head and thorax, scarcely at all
thickened towards the apex, pitchy or pitchy testaceous,
joints 1, 2, 3 moderately long, of about equal length, the
3rd about half as long again as the fourth, 4-10 differing
but little in length, each longer than broad, eleventh
oblong, about half as long again as the tenth. Head sub-
quadrate, a little narrower than the thorax, finely punc-
tured. Thorax about as long as broad, scarcely narrowed
behind, a little narrower than the elytra, thickly and very
finely punctured. Elytra a little paler in colour than the
head and thorax, longer by a half than the latter, their
length greater than their width, very thickly and finely
punctured. Abdomen with segments 2-5 finely, but not
very densely punctured, the sixth nearly impunctate.
Legs slender, yellow.

In some examples the head has a fovea in front, and
the thorax is more or less distinctly channelled. Also in
some specimens, each elytron has a distinct impression
near the apex ; the antennas also are a little more thick-
ened towards the apex in some specimens, than in others.

The male has a large raised tubercle on the middle of
the upper surface of the sixth segment of the abdomen,
and the apex of the seventh segment is furnished with
four teeth, two small distinct ones placed together in the
middle, and a scarcely visible one on each side ; more-
over the hind margin of the seventh segment underneath
takes the form of an obtuse angle in the male, while it is
gently rounded in the female.

Common amongst the shingle on the banks of the
Scotch rivers, also in Wales.

Ohs. I. — In the British Museum are specimens of H.
velox sent by Dr. Kraatz; these agree with the species
I am at present considering.

Obs. II. — Mr. Wollaston's description of H. camhrica,
(loc. cit.) evidently refers to an immature form of this
species ; one of the examples thei'e described is now in

102 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Mr. Crotch's collection^ and is undoubtedly an immature
female of H. velox, Kr. Moreover the locality where it
was taken (Bettws-y-coed) has since produced H. velox
commonly, and no other species to which Mr. Wollaston's
description could be applied. Hence, as the name H.
camhrica is anterior to Kraatz's by two years, I have
adopted it.

7. Homalota planifrons.

Subdepressa, subnitida, nigro-fusca, antennis elytris-
que fuscis, pedibus testaceis ; subtiliter hand confertim
punctata ; antennis apicem versus paullo incrassatis, ar-
ticulis penultimis subtransversis, capite subtriangulari ;
thorace subquadrato, postice subangustato ; elytris hoc
paullo longioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 sub-
tiliter, hand crebre punctatis, segmento quinto parcius
punctato. Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento sexto supra medio tuberculo
acuto, 7° apice denticulis quatuor, instructo.

H. planifrons, Wat. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lend. 1863, p.
150. [H. platycephala, errore) .

About the size and appearance of H. gregaria, but
more shining and more sparingly punctured. Antennas
of moderate stoutness, but little thickened towards the
apex; joints 1-3 of about equal length, 4 shorter than 5,
only about half as long as 3, 5-10 differing little in length,
the first of them a little longer, the last of them a little
shorter than broad, eleventh joint ovate, half as long
again as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the
thorax, sub triangular, narrowed in front, with a distinct
channel on the upper sidej sparingly and finely punc-
tured. Thorax narrower than the elytra, about as long
as broad, a little narrowed behind, pretty densely and
finely punctured, with a distinct channel or impression
along the middle. Elytra paler in colour than the head
and thorax ; a little longer than the latter, finely and
somewhat sparingly punctured. Abdomen with segments
2-4 finely but not densely punctured ; fifth segment
rather more sparingly punctured than the fourth, sixth
nearly smooth. Legs testaceous.

The male has the sixth segment of the abdomen fur-
nished on the upper side, in the middle, with a distinct
acute tubercle, and the posterior margin of the seventh

British Species of Homalota. 103

segment with four teeth ; two placed close together in
the middle, and one at the outside of the segment on
each side.

This species resembles H. Eichoffi, in the shape of the
head, but is less depressed, and more robust than that
species ; the antennse are not so slender, and are more
thickened towards the apex, and the punctuation is more
sparing. From H. gregaria, which it resembles in size
and appearance, H. planifrons may be distinguished by
its head narrowed in front, its more sparingly punc-
tured upper surface, and the male characters. It also
resembles H. elongatula somewhat, but has a difi'erently
shaped head, the thorax narrowed behind, and different
male characters.

Found in the neighboui'hood of London, but apparently
very rare. I have seen only five specimens of it, and of
these but one is a male.

Group II. Small, delicate species, with all the segments
of the abdomen punctured ; antennce not at all thickened
towards the apex. (Species 8 — 12).

The five species of this group are all found under
stones on the banks of rivers, and nowhere else ; they
form a well-defined and natural group, with the exception
that in H. suhtilissima the structure of the antennae is
somewhat different from that of the other species.

8. Homalota eximia.

Depressa, nigro-fusca, elytris fuscis, ore, antennis,
pedibus, anoque testaceis, dense subtilissime punctata ;
antennis gracillimis, apicem versus hand incrassatis;
capite thoraceque canaliculatis, hoc subquadrato, basin
versus paulo angustato ; elytris thorace longioribus ; ab-
domine supra crebre Eequaliter punctate. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; antennis paulo longioribus, abdomine segmento
7° ventrali longe producto.

Fem. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio
leviter emarginato.

H. fragilicornis, Wat. Cat. (Kr. ? ?) .

About the size and build of H. fragilis, Kr. Antennae
slender, elongate, entirely yellow, not at all thickened

104 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

towards tlie apex^ each joint with the length very dis-
tinctly greater than the breadth ; joint three a little
shorter than two ; four about half as long as two ; fi^e
half as long again as four ; five to eleven differing but
little in length and breadth, the eleventh being only a
little longer than the tenth. Palpi and mouth yellow.
Head scarcely narrower than the thorax, slightly nar-
rowed in front, with a distinct channel, closely and very
finely punctured. Thorax a little narrower than the
elytra, its length almost as great as its width, gently
narrowed behind, closely and finely punctured, with a
distinct longitudinal channel. Elytra fuscous, paler to-
wards the apex, about one-third longer than the thorax,
closely and very finely punctured. Abdomen blackish,
with the extremity yellowish, its punctuation not so fine
and dense as that of the thorax and elytra, but the seg-
ments above are finely and pretty closely punctured, the
punctuation on the sixth segment being a little more
sparing than on the others. Legs testaceous, with the
tarsi comparatively short and stout.

In the male, the joints of the antennae are a little
longer than in the female ; and the ventral plate of the
seventh segment of the abdomen is very much produced,
it is also very broad, and not narrowed towards the apex,
which is truncate, with the apical angles rounded.

This species is allied to H. fragilis, but is lighter in
colour, with longer joints to the antennge, the head a
little broader behind the eyes, &c. It is the fragilicornis
of Mr. Waterhouse's catalogue, but I cannot make up
my mind that it agrees sufficiently with Kraatz's descrip-
tion of that species.

On the banks of the Scotch rivers, but very rare.
Found at Peebles, the Nith at Thornhill and Dumfries,
the Almond near Edinburgh.

9 . Horn a lota fragilis .

Depressa, nigra, confertim subtilissime punctata, an-
tennis elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis; antennis
apicem versus hand incrassatis, capite fere quadrate,
foveolato; thorace subquadrato, elytris paulo angustiore,
leviter canaliculate ; elytris hoc tertia parte longioribus ;
abdomine supra segmentis 5 anterioribus crebre subtiliter
punctatis, sexto sparsius punctate. Long. 1 lin.

British Species of Ilomalota. 105

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paulo elongate,
apice rotundato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio
leviter emarginato.

H.fragilis, Kr. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xv. 125 ; Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 223 ; Wat. Cat.

Var. — Thorace medio late impresso.

Black, with the elytra pitchy-black, and the legs tes-
taceous ; antenna pitchy, slender, not thickened towards
the apex, the length of each joint greater than its
breadth ; second and third joints of about equal length ;
four to ten differing but little from one another in length,
eleventh about a third longer than the tenth. The head
is a little narrower than the thorax, nearly square, with
a distinct channel, or fovea ; thickly and finely punc-
tured. Thorax somewhat narrower than the elytra, its
length nearly as great as its breadth, a little narrowed
behind, thickly and very finely punctured, with a channel
along the middle, beginning from an obscure impression
behind. The elytra are slightly paler in colour than the
head and thorax, fully one-third longer than the latter,
densely and very finely punctured. The abdomen is
black, its punctuation not so fine or dense as that of the
fore parts ; segments two to five are thickly and finely
punctured ; sixth segment more sparingly punctured
than the fifth.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is a little more produced than the upper plate,
and has its posterior margin rounded. In the female,
the seventh under plate is gently eixiarginate in the
middle.

This species is very abundant on the banks of the
rivei's and streams everywhere in Scotland.

A variety occurs in which the thorax has a broad long-
itudinal impression along the middle ; some examples are
also darker in colour tha.n the type, and have the legs
nearly black.

10. Ilomalota longula.

Depressa, nigra, confertissime subtilissimeque punc-
tata, antennis tenuibus, apicem versus haud incrassatis,
fuscis, pedibus piceo-testaceis ; capite quadrate, obsolete
impresso; thorace subquadrato, canaliculate, basin versus

106 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

vix angustato; elytris thorace tertia parte longioribus;
abdomine supra toto confertissime subtilissimeque punc-
tate. Long'. 1 lin,

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paululum pro-
ducto apice rotundato.

Fern.; segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato.

H. longula, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 334. Hydrosmecta
longula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 13.

Size and form of H. fragilis. Antennae pitchy^ slender,
not thickened towards the apex, each joint longer than
broad, joint two longer than three, four shorter than
three, five to ten differing but little in length, eleventh
rather longer than the tenth. Head a little narrower
than the thorax; nearly square, not narrowed in front j
thickly and very finely punctured, with a more or less
obsolete impression on the middle. Thorax a little nar-
rower than the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth,
scarcely narrowed behind ; with a not very distinct long-
itudinal channel ; closely and very finely punctured. The
elytra are fully one third longer than the thorax, and are
also very densely and very finely punctured. The whole
of the upper surface of the abdomen is very densely and
finely punctured.

The male is not easy to distinguish from the female,
the only difference being that the ventral plate of the
seventh segment of the abdomen is a little narrowed, and
more produced than in the female.

Rare. I have found it on the banks of a tributary of
the Nith, near Dumfries, and also on the banks of the
Bowmont at Yetholm ; a few specimens were also formerly
taken by Mr. Wollaston at Slapton Ley.

This species is very like H. fragilis, but is easily dis-
tinguished by its much more densely and finely punctured
abdomen, and its darker colour.

Ohs. — This species accords sufficiently well with Heer's
description of H. longula. Kraatz's thinohioides is gen-
erally supposed to be synonymous with H. longula, Heer,
but I cannot find that Kraatz's description agrees accu-
rately with my specimens ; moreover two examples of
H. thinohioides sent by Ki^aatz to the British Museum,
are specifically distinct from the present species. Mr.
WoUaston's H. thinohioides from Madeira, is also a dif-
ferent species from the present one, having its head nar-

British Species of Homalota. 107

rowed in front, and paler legs, &c. I cannot say, how-
ever, that the insect from Madeira agrees with the
specimens of thinohioides from Kraatz in the British
Museum, not having had an opportunity of comparing
them.

11. Homalota delicatula.

Linearis, depressa, fusca, elytris dilutioribus, antennis
pedibusque testaceis, supra dense subtilissime punctata;
antennis elongatis, apicem versus haud incrassatis ; abdo-
mine supra dense subtilissime aequaliter punctato. Long,
flin.

Very much of the size and appearance of H. subtilis-
sima, but really allied to S. longida, of which, however,
it is only one-half the size. Fuscous, with the elytra
paler, the antennee and legs testaceous. Antennae nearly
as long as the head, thorax, and elytra ; not thickened
towards the apex, the length of each joint greater than
the breadth, joint two longer than three, four shorter than
three, five to ten differing little in length, the eleventh
oblong, about one-third longer than the tenth. Head
subquadrate, scarcely narrower than the thorax, very
little narrowed in front, densely but very finely punctured.
Thorax scarcely narrower than the elytra, its length
about equal to its breadth, a little narrowed behind,
densely and very obsoletely punctured. Elytra paler
than the head and thorax, one-third longer than the latter,
very densely and finely punctured. Abdomen with all the
segments above equally densely and very finely punc-
tured. Legs pale testaceous.

I have not been able clearly to distinguish the male
from the female ; probably the differences are the same
as in H. Jongida. In some examples^ the head and thorax
are channelled, in others not.

Extremely rare. Found by me on the banks of the
Nith, at Thornhill, and by Mr. Crotch, at Eannoch.

Ohs. — This species can only be confounded with H.
suhtilissima or H. longula; from the former, its long an-
tennge and densely punctured abdomen readily distin-
guish it. It is only half the size of H. longida, is of a
much paler colour, and the punctuation of the abdomen
is not quite so dense and fine.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART II. (mAy) . K

108 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

12. Homalota suhtilissima.

Linearis, subdepressa, fusca, thorace elytrisque dilu-
tioribus, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis ; antennis
apicem versus baud incrassatis ; tborace subquadrato,
canaHculato ; elytris hoc longioribus ; abdomine supra
sequaliter subtiliter sat confertim punctate. Long.
|lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali paululum pro-
ducto.

H. suhtilissima, Kr. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xv. 12G ; Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 230.

Var. — Thorace hand vel vix canaHculato.

A very small species, of delicate formation and colour-
ing. Antennae testaceous, moderately stout, but not
thickened towards the apex ; joints one and two rather
stout, and of moderate length ; three not much more
than half as long as two, much narrowed at the base ;
four shorter than three, subquadrate ; five a little longer
and stouter than four ; five to nine differing little from
one another in length and breadth, each one distinctly
narrowed towards the base, the length of each very
nearly as great as the breadth ; ten rather longer than
nine, the eleventh joint half as long again as the tenth.
Head subquadrate, with a distinct impression above, very
finely and pretty densely punctured. Thorax rather
wider than the head, and a little narrower than the elytra ;
its length about equal to its breadth, a little narrowed
behind, with a longitudinal channel in the middle, ex-
tremely finely and pretty closely punctured. Elytra
lighter in colour than the head and thorax, and not so
shining ; fully one-third longer than the thorax, densely
and very finely punctured, the punctuation denser than
on the rest of the upper surface. Abdomen with all the
segments on the upper side finely and tolerably closely
punctured, the punctuation of the terminal segments
being rather more sparing than that of the basal ones,
its apex testaceous. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment underneath
is rather more produced than in the female, and its hind
margin is rather more rounded.

Common on the banks of the Scotch rivers ; it is found
in company with Thinohius linearis, which it resembles
greatly in colour and appearance.

British Species of Homalota. 109

Obs. — This species has very much the structure of H.
elongatula and its allies; but its very small size^ and its
facieSj associate it rather with the foregoing species. My
specimens agree entirely with examples of H. subtiUs-
sima, sent by Kraatz to the British Museum.

Group III. Species of moderate size, witJi all the seg-
inents of the abdomen punctured, and the antennce slightly
thickened toivards the apex. (Species 13 — 19) .

The species forming this group have much the habits
of the members of the genus Tachyusa, and are to be
found running about in company with them in muddy
places, in marshes, on the banks of rivers, and on the
coast. The species differ a good deal in appearance.
JB". plumhea has been described as an Aleoehara ; it has
much the colour and appearance of Aleocliara grisea, and
its allies, in company with which it is found. H. fallax
approaches very closely to Oxypoda.

13. Homalota littorea.

Nigra, antennis elytris anoque fuscis, pedibus fusco-
testaceis; antennis apicem versus leviter incrassatis;
capite subrotundato, thorace evidenter angustiore ;
thorace longitudine latitudine breviore ; elytris hoc tertia
parte longioribus, cum capite thoraceque subtiliter con-
fertim punctatis ; abdomine supra dense sequaliter minus
subtiliter punctate. Long. Ij lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-
ducto, angusto, apice rotundato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali latiore, apice medio vix
evidenter emarginato.

H. Jluviatilis, Wat. Cat. (Kr. ? ?) .

A rather shining and but little depressed species.
Antennae pitchy, mth the basal joint a little paler ; longer
than the head and thorax, moderately stout, a little
thickened towards the apex ; first and second joints mo-
derately long and stout ; third a little shorter than the
second, narrowed towards the base ; fourth shorter than
third ; four to ten differing but little from one another
in length, the first of them distinctly longer than broad,
the last of them about as long as broad ; eleventh joint

110 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

ovate, nearly twice as long as the tenth. Head much
smaller than the thorax, not much more than half the
width of the elytra, obsoletely and not very closely punc-
tured. Thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, a
little shorter than broad, a little narrowed behind, with
an indistinct fovea in the middle of the base ; densely
and very finely punctured, and with extremely delicate
pubescence. Elytra lighter in colour than the head and
thorax, about one-fourth longer than the latter ; their
breadth rather greater than their length, densely and
finely punctured, and delicately pubescent. The abdomen
is black, and rather shining, with the apex lighter in
colour ; all the segments are thickly and equally punc-
tured, the punctuation and pubescence being much
coarser than on the front parts of the body. The legs
are dirty yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is considerably produced, and narrower than in
the female. In the female, the hind margin of the same
plate, as well as being broader than in the male, is in the
middle very gently emarginate.

Rare. I have found it in muddy places, on the sea
shore, at Deal and Brighton, and it has been taken in
other localities ; always on the sea shore.

H. littorea is best compared with H. luteipes, than
which it is rather smaller ; the antennge are shorter, the
thorax is much shorter and broader, and the punctua-
tion of the abdomen is a little coarser and more sparing.

Ohs. — The above is the insect referred to as possibly
H. iiuviatilis, Kr. (in Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 16.)
by *Mr. Waterhouse ; but it conforms neither with Kraatz's
description, nor with specimens of H. fl.uviatilis, sent by
Kraatz to the British Museum. Moreover, I have seen
a specimen which has been sent to Dr. Kraatz, and re-
turned by him marked "H. nov. spec, ex affinitate H.
elongatula."

14. Homalota imbecilla.

Depressa, nigro-fusca, antennis ore ano pedibusque
testaceis, elytris ferrugineis ; antennis elongatis, apicem
versus vix incrassatis ; thorace transversim subquadrato ;
elytris hoc paulo longioribus; abdomine supra toto con-
fertim evidenter punctato. Long. 1^ lin.

British Species of liomalota. Ill

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apice
I'otundato.

Fern.; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio emarginato.
H. imbecilla, Wat. Proc. Bnt. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 16.

A moderate-sized, depressed, rather brightly coloured
species. The antennae are much longer than the head and
thorax, moderately stout, scarcely at all thickened to-
wards the apex, the length of each joint greater than its
breadth ; first joint rather stout ; two and three more
slender than it, of about equal length ; four shorter than
three, five rather longer than four; five to ten differing
but little from one another in length and breadth, the
length of each distinctly greater than its breadth;
eleventh joint oblong-ovate, elongate, quite as long as
the two preceding joints together. Head nearly black,
suborbiculate, a little narrowed in front, narrower than
the thorax, finely but not densely punctured. Thorax
pitchy-black, narrower than the elytra, a little broader
than long, slightly narrowed behind, finely and rather
densely punctured, and with an obsolete impression be-
hind. Elytra a little longer than the thorax, their length
scarcely equal to their breadth, thickly and not altogether
finely punctured. Abdomen with distinct and not very
fine pubescence, all the segments pretty densely and
finely punctured, the sixth segment, however, rather
more sparingly than the anterior ones, the seventh seg-
ment, and hind part of the sixth, reddish-yellow. Legs
yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is considerably produced, and its hind
margin gently rounded, while in the female it is broadly
and distinctly emarginate.

Found rarely, under sea-weed, in various parts of the
south of England, Brighton, Lymington, Chatham,

Obs. — This species occurs in various parts of France,
and is generally called meridionalis, Muls., which is,
however (according to Kraatz) a darker coloured species
with shorter penultimate joints to the antennse, &c. M.
Brisout de Barneville has forwarded me a specimen taken
at Hyeres, with the remark, that it is stated by Kraatz
to be " pas meridionalis, Muls.'^

15. Homalota luteipes.

Nigra, antennis elongatis piceis, elytris ferrugineis,
pedibus testaceis ; capite angusto ; thorace subquadrato.

112 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

postice hand angustato; elytris hoc paulo longioribus;
abdomine supra eequaliter dense subtiliter punctate.
Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali pavilulum pro-
ducto ; capite evidenter feveolato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio anguste sed
distincte exciso.

H. luteipes, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 320; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 88 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 224 ; Wat. Cat. Dilacra
luteipes, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 32.

Somewhat like a small H. elongatula, but not so de-
pressed, and narrower in front. Antennae pitchy,
elongate, rather slender, slightly thickened towards the
apex ; joints two and three of about equal length,
slender ; four much shorter than three, five longer than
four; five to ten differing but little in length, and each
very slightly broader than the preceding one, none of
the joints transverse ; eleventh joint rather long, ovate,
half as long again as the tenth. Head narrower than the
thorax, not much more than half the breadth of the
elytra, with a fovea in the middle, indistinct in the
female, distinct in the male, finely and pretty densely
punctured. Thorax narrower than the elytra, sub-
quadrate, its length about equal to its breadth, not nar-
rowed behind, even a little narrowed towards the front,
closely and finely punctured, not channelled, with a very
small and indistinct fovea in front of the scutellum.
Elytra ferruginous, darker towards the base ; a little
longer than the thorax, closely and finely punctured.
All the segments of the abdomen above are very closely
and finely punctured, the sixth not at all more sparingly
than the others. The legs are bright yellow.

In the male the antennee are a little more slender than
in the female ; the fovea on the head is more distinct,
and the seventh segment of the abdomen underneath is
a little produced, with its apex rounded; while in the
female the hind margin of this segment is, in the middle,
narrowly but distinctly emarginate.
Rare. Horning and Hammersmith.
Obs. — The dense punctuation of the abdomen, together
with the structure of the head and thorax, easily distin-
guish this from all other species. Thomson remarks that
it bears a little resemblance to Oxypoda longiuscula.
Specimens sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree
entirely with our English ones.

British Species of Homalota. 113

16. Homalota labilis.

N'igra, nitida^ antennis piceisj pedibus testaceis^ femor-
ibus infuscatis ; antennis apicem versus paulo incrassatis -,
thorace sub quadrate, cum capite elytrisque subtiliter
sat confertim punctate ; abdomine supra sequaliter con-
fertim subtiliter punctate. Long. 1^-1^ lin.

Mas ; capite impresso, abdomine segment© 7° ventrali
evidenter producto, angusto, apice rotundato-ovali.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice medio obsolete, vix
evidenter, emarginato.

H. labilis, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 699 ; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
88 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 226 ; Wat. Cat. Gnypeta labilis,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 7.

Var. — Hobustior, pedibus nigris, genubus tarsisque
testaceis.

H. ccerulea, Wat. Cat.

A black and very shining species. Antennse of moder-
ate length and thickness, a little thickened towards the
apex ; pitchy, sometimes paler at the base ; second and
third joints rather long, third nearly as long as the second ;
five to ten differing but little in length ; the first of them
a little longer than, the last of them scarcely so long as,
broad; eleventh about half as long again as the tenth.
Head but little narrower than the thorax, extremely
finely, but pretty densely punctured. Thoi-ax consider-
ably narrower than the elytra ; a little narrowed behind,
its length about equal to its breadth, with an impression
in front of the scutellum ; extremely finely and tolerably
densely punctured. Elytra about a fourth part longer
than the thorax; very finely and pretty densely punc-
tured. Abdomen with all the segments above densely
and finely punctured ; the sixth not more sparingly than
the others ; both the punctuation and pubescence are
more distinct than those of the fore parts. The legs are
yellowish, with the thighs (and the tibiee more or less)
infuscate.

In the male the head has a distinct impression on the
upper surface, and the seventh abdominal segment under-
neath is narrow, and distinctly produced.

Common on the muddy banks of rivers and ponds.
It runs with great rapidity in the warm sunshine of spi'ing
days.

114 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Ohs. — The variety with black legs is also generally
larger, broader, and more robust. The species also varies
a good deal in the thickness of the antennae.

17. Homalota carbonaria.

Cseruleo-nigra, subnitida, tarsis nigro-testaceis, con-
fertim subtilius punctata, fronte impressa ; abdomine
supra undique sequaliter confertissime punctate. Long,
li lin.

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° ventrali paulo angustiore
et magis producto.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato-
truncato.

Tachyusa carbonaria, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 351. T. cceru-
lea, Sahl. /. c. H. ripicola, Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. v. 317;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 227.

This species is so closely allied to H. labilis, that it is
sufficient to point out the characters which distinguish it
from that common species. H. carbonaria is rather larger,
of a distinct blue colour, with the legs and antennae en-
tirely blue-black, except that the tarsi, and a small spot
at the knees, are dusky testaceous ; the head has a distinct
impression in both sexes, and the upper surface is not so
shining as in H. labilis.

Yery rare. I have found it in company with Tachyusa
chalybea (which it resembles in colour) on the banks of
the Nith, and it occurs also, I believe, on the banks of
the Trent.

Obs. — This species is generally represented in British
collections by dark coloured robust varieties of H. labilis.

18. Homalota plumbea.

Plumbeo-nigra, sub-opaca, confertissime subtilissime-
que punctata, vmdique densius griseo-pubescens, antennis
piceis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; antennis apicem versus
vix incrassatis ; thorace subquadrato, coleopteris multo
angustiore; abdomine ^qualiter confertissime subtilis-
simque punctate. Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra apice
rotundato.

Fe7n. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra obsolete, infra late
sed evidenter, emarginato.

British Species of Homalota. 115

B. plumbea, "Wat. Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1858, p. 15.

Black ; but the whole body covered with a short dense
pubescence^ giving it a gray appearance. Antennae rather
slender and moderately long, but little thickened towards
the apex ; pitchy ; joint three considerably shorter than
two, four shorter than three, four to ten each differing
but little in length and breadth, the first of them a little
longer than broad, the last scarcely so long as broad ;
eleventh joint rather stout, about twice as long as the
tenth. Head small, narrower than the thorax, only about
half the width of the elytra ; narrowed behind the eyes ;
very closely and finely punctured ; covered with a short,
fine, and dense pubescence. Thorax subquadrate, nearly
as long as broad ; much narrower than the elytra ; a little
narrowed behind, with a broad shallow impression in the
middle before the base; densely and finely punctured,
and pubescent. The elytra are broad, rather broader
than long ; nearly one-third longer than the thorax ; like
it very densely punctured and pubescent. The abdomen
is not quite so dull as the fore parts; all the segments
very densely and finely punctured, and covered (except
at the extreme base of each segment, which is rather
shining) with a depressed pubescence. The legs are tes-
taceous, more or less infuscate; the tarsi rather short
and stout.

The sexes are easy to distinguish, but I am not quite
certain which is the male ; in that which I suppose to be
the male, both the upper and lower plates of the seventh
segment of the abdomen have the hind margin gently
rounded ; while in the other sex, the hind margin of the
same segment is obsoletely emarginate above, and more
evidently so on the underside. The antennse are a little
longer in this sex, so that it may perhaps prove to be
the male.

Local : in chalky places on the coast, under seaweed ;
when found, generally in numbers. Brighton, Seaford,
Weymouth.

Ohs. — This is a remarkable species, not readily to be
confounded with any other; the dense pubescence with
which it is covered, giving it a peculiar grayish appear-
ance ; the thorax, much narrower than the elytra, is also
remarkable.

116 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

19. Homalota fallase. »

Linearis, opaca, omnium subtilissime confertissimeque
punctata, pube brevissima densius vestita, nigra, elytris
ferrugineis, antennis fusco-testaceis, pedibus testaceis ;
an tennis apicem versus vix incrassatis ; capite thoraceque
elytris vix angustioribus ; thorace subquadrato ; elytris
hoc paulo longioribus; abdomine opaco, undique subtilis-
sime confertissimeque punctate. Long. lj-l| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali angustiore, et
magis producto.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice, supra et
infra, rotundato.

H.fallax, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 227.

A remarkable species ; its punctuation and pubescence
being rather those of an Oxypoda than a Homalota. An-
tennae moderately stout, scarcely thickened towards the
apex ; third joint a little shorter than the second ; four
to ten differing but little from one another in length,
but each one slightly broader than the preceding ; the first
of them distinctly, the last of them scarcely, longer than
broad; eleventh joint not quite twice as long as the
tenth. Head but little narrower than the thorax, a little
broader behind the eyes, extremely densely and finely
punctured. Thorax scarcely narrower than the elytra, sub-
quadrate ; a little broader than long, scarcely narrowed
behind, with a shallow impression in the middle in front
of the base, from which proceeds a very indistinct channel ;
extremely densely and finely punctured. Elytra but
little longer than the thorax, lighter in colour than it
and the head, brownish, darker towards the base, their
length scarcely so great as their width, very densely and
finely punctured. The abdomen is very dull ; all the
segments extremely densely and finely punctured, and
entirely covered with a very short dense pubescence ;
the posterior margins of the segments and the anus
brownish. Legs reddish-testaceous, the posterior tarsi
long and slender, their basal joint being nearly twice as
long as the second.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is much narrower, and is more produced
than in the female.

The only locality I know for this remarkable species
is Hammersmith Marshes, near London ; where it was
formerly not uncommon among dead leaves in winter
and spring.

Briiish Species of Homalota. 117

Ohs. I. — The punctuation and pubescence of this species
are entirely those of an Oxypoda, to which genus it ap-
proaches, moreover, in the structure of its posterior
tarsi.

Ohs. II. — Kraatz says that H. fallax is found exclu-
sively on the coast ; this would raise a suspicion that
his species is not the same as the one I have described
above. I have never seen a foreign example of H. fallax,
Kr., but can find no discrepancy between Kraatz's de-
scription and my numerous specimens from Hammer-
smith. I am not aware that the species has ever been
found on the coast in this country.

Group lY. Male ivithout tubercle or heel on the sixth
segment ; abdomen ivith the sixth segment nearly impunc-
tate, the others pretty closely punctured, the fifth oftefi more
sparingly than the fourth. (Species 20 — 27).

A natural group, the species of which live among moss
and leaves, in damp, and sometimes in muddy places.
H. elongatula is often found in great numbers, running
on the banks of rivers and ponds.

20. Homalota luridipennis.

Lata, sat depressa, nigro-fusca, antennarum basi ely-
tris pedibus anoque testaceis, abdominis segmentorum
marginibus ferrugineis, confertim subtiliter punctata ;
thorace transversira subquadrato; abdomine supra seg-
mentis 2-4 confertim subtiliter punctatis, 5° sparsim
punctate, 6° fere Igevigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio levi-
ter emarginato, ventrali recurvo, valde triangulariter
producto, apice ipso emarginato-truncato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° dorsali apice medio obsoletissime
emarginato, ventrali apice rotundato.

Bolitochara luridipennis, Man. Precis, p. 77 ; H. luri-
dipennis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 221 ; Atheta producta,
(Muls.), Th. Sk. Col. iii. m.

A large, broad, rather dull, and depressed species.
Antennee moderately long and stout, a little thickened
towards the apex, fuscous, with the base lighter ; joints

118 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

two and three of about equal length, four to ten differ-
ing little from one another in length, but each one a
little stouter than its predecessor, the first of them
longer than broad, the last of them scarcely so long
as broad ; eleventh joint half as long again as the
tenth. Palpi testaceous. Head broad, rounded, a little
narrower than the thorax, closely and finely punctured,
the vertex flattened in the male. Thorax a little narrower
than the elytra, about one-third broader than long,
scarcely at all narrowed behind ; its disc flat, with an in-
distinct impression in the middle in front of the base,
closely and finely punctured. The elytra are yellowish,
about one-third longer than the thorax, their length not
quite so great as their breadth, their punctuation dense
and fine. The margins of the segments of the abdomen
are brownish, and the extremity is lighter in colour ;
segments two to four are pretty thickly and finely punc-
tured ; fifth segment sparingly punctured ; sixth nearly
impunctate. The legs are yellow, rather robust.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal
segment has the hind margin emarginate in the middle,
while the under plate is very much produced, and turned
upwards ; the sides of the produced part are not evenly
rounded, but suddenly narrowed in the middle ; the ex-
treme apex is narrow, and emarginate.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment
is obsoletely emarginate at the apex, while the under
plate is not produced, and the posterior margin is gently
rounded.

Generally distributed, and not uncommon in damp
places, on the banks of rivers, &c., in both England and
Scotland.

Ohs. — This species is allied to H. elongatula, but is
readily distinguished by its broader, more robust form,
more transverse thorax, and the extraordinary structure
of the seventh segment of the abdomen in the male.

21. Homalota londinensis .

Linearis, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibus
anoque rufo-testaceis, confertim subtiliter punctata ; an-
tennis sat tenuibus, articulo penultimo leviter transverso ;
capite medio canalicula brevi; thorace subquadrato.

Bn'twh Species of Ilomalota. 119

longitudine latitudine haud breviore ; abdomine seg-
mentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° parce punctato,
6° fere laevigato. Long. 2 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem
versus angustato, apice ipso emarginato-truncato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra apice ro-
tunda to.

Var. — -Rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque cingulo ante
apicem fuscis.

Very like a large brightly-coloured H. elongatula, but
still larger than the largest of that species. Antennae
moderately long and slender, but little thickened towards
the apex, pitchy, with the basal joints reddish-testaceous ;
joints two and three of about equal length, four to ten
each one a little shorter and broader than its predecessor,
the first of them longer than broad, the last of them not
quite so long as broad; eleventh joint moderately long,
not quite so long as the tenth. Palpi, and parts of the
mouth, reddish-yellow. Head narrower than the thorax,
suborbiculate, with a distinct short channel on the vertex
finely but not closely punctured. Thorax a little nar-
rower than the elytra, about as long as broad, not
narrowed behind, with a longitudinal channel in the
middle ; closely and finely punctured ; scarcely black in
colour, generally more or less distinctly reddish-brown.
Elytra about a third longer than the thorax, their length
slightly greater than their width, of a reddish or brown-
ish-red colour, closely and finely punctured. Abdomen
black, with the extremity, as well as the hind margins of
the segments, more or less distinctly reddish-yellow ;
segments two to four closely and finely punctured, fifth
more sparingly, sixth nearly smooth. Legs reddish-
yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is produced, and narrowed towards the
apex, but scarcely bent upwards ; the apex itself is trun-
cate, and a little emarginate ; the hind margin of the
upper plate is not at all emarginate. In the female, the
upper and under plates of the seventh segment both have
the hind margin gently rounded.

This species varies considerably in colour.

Not uncommon in marshy places in the neighbourhood
of London. It occurs elsewhere, but, apparently, more

120 Dr. Sharp^s Revision of the

rarely. I have a specimen from as far north as Inver-
ness-shire, and have also seen the species from Germany.
H. londinensis may readily enough be mistaken for
any of three other species, luridipennis, elongatula, and
terminalis. From luridipennis it is distinguished by its
narrow form, bright colour, not transverse thorax, and
less marked male characters. From elongatula its larger
size, brighter colour, rather more transverse penultimate
joints of the antennae, and the male chai'acters (approach-
ing luridipennis) distinguish it. It has much the colour of
terminalis (a species not yet found in Britain) , but has
slender antennge, which are also darker in colour ; it is
larger, and has dijfferent male characters.

22. Homahta liygrotopora.

Latior, fusco-nigra, antennis piceis, basi piceo-testa-
ceis, elytris fuscis, pedibus obscure testaceis, confertim
subtiliter punctata ; thorace transversim subquadrato ; ab-
domine supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre subtiliter punctatis,
5° sparsim punctate, 6° fere laevigato. Long. If lin.

Mas J abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-
ducto, apicem versus angustato, apice i]3so rotundato-
acuminato.

H. liygrotopora, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 220; Wat. Cat.
H. opacula, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 272 (forte).

Like H. elongatula, but larger, broader, of a more ob-
scure colour. The antennas are moderately slender,
scarcely thickened towards the apex ; pitchy black, ob-
scurely paler at the base ; joints two and three moderately
long, two a little longer than three, four to ten differing
but little in length, the first of them longer than broad,
the last of them about as long as broad; eleventh joint
about half as long again as the tenth. Palpi pitchy-
yellow. Head rather broad, narrower than the thorax,
the disc flat, finely, not very thickly punctured, dull.
Thorax narrower than the elytra, about one-third broader
than long, scarcely narrowed behind, with an indistinct
impression in the middle in front of the scutellum ;
very finely and pretty densely punctured. The elytra
are of an obscure pitchy-brown colour; about one-
third longer than tlae thorax, their length not quite so

BriUsh Species of Homalota. 121

great as their breadth. Abdomen black, shining ; seg-
ments two to four pretty finely and thickly punctured,
fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly
impunctate ; the extreme apex obscurel}^ pitchy. Legs
pitchy-testaceous .

In the male the under plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is much produced, narrowed towards the apex ;
the apex is not pointed, but formed by the meeting of
two gentle curves.

This species is generally distributed in England and
Scotland. It is fond of very wet places, in marshes, and
on the banks of streams and rivers.

Ohs. — Thomson^s H. hygrohia is said to be this species
{vide Kr. Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1860, p. 99), but his descrip-
tion does not bear this out; moreover, Thomson in his
9th vol., when going over the synonymy of the genus,
does not quote Kraatz's hygrotopora as a synonym of his
hygrohia. On the other hand the description by Thom-
son (Joe. cit.) of S. opacula seems to agree very well with
this species. I think it not improbable that H. hygrohia,
Th., will prove to be a var. of H. elongatida.

23. Homalota elongatula.

Linearis, nigra, subnitida, elytris antennisque fuscis,
harum basi pedibusque testaceis, confertim subtiliter
punctata; thorace subquadrato; abdomine supra seg-
mentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° sparsius punctate,
6° fere lasvigato. Long.l^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali evidenter pro-
ducto, apicem versus sat angusto.

Fern. ; segmento 7° dorsali apice medio obsolete emar-
ginato.

Aleochara elongatula, Grav. Micr. Bruns. 79; H. elon-
gatula, 'Ev. {ex parte) Gen. et Spec. Staph. 89; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 216; Atheta elongatula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 67.

A moderate-sized, rather narrow and elongate species,
varjning somewhat in colour and size. The antennas are
rather long, scarcely thickened towards the apex; joints
two and three rather long and slender, three not quite
so long as two, four to ten diff'ering little from one another,
the first of them longer than broad, the last of them about as
long as broad ; eleventh joint not quite twice the length of

122 Dr. Sharp^s Revision of the

the tenth. The palpi are yellowish^ with the last joint
more or less infuscate. The head is narrower than the
thorax, suborbiculate, the disc moderately convex, very
finely and not very closely punctured. The thorax is
but little narrower than the elytra, subquadrate, the
length being about equal to the breadth, scarcely nar-
rowed behind, with or without a central longitudinal
channel, finely and closely punctured. The elytra vary
in colour, being sometimes reddish-brown, sometimes
pitchy-black ; they are about one-third longer than the
thorax; subquadrate, their length being about equal to
their breadth ; closely and finely punctured. The abdo-
men is black and shining, more or less distinctly yellow
at the apex; segments two to four pretty closely and
finely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-
tured, sixth nearly smooth. Legs yellow.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is narrow, and projects considerably be-
yond the upper plate ; its hind margin is gently rounded.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment
is slightly emarginate in the middle, while the under plaLe
is broader than the same part in the male, and does not
project beyond the upper plate.

Extremely common all over the kingdom, in moss, and
wet places, on the banks of rivers, &c.

24. Homalota volans.

Linearis, antennis sat tenuibus, articulis penultimis
quadratis, crebre subtiliter punctata; thorace transver-
sim subquadrato ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre
subtiliter punctatis, 5° sparsius punctate, 6° fere laevi-
gato. Long, li-l^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali vix producto,
apice rotundato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° dorsali apice rotundato.

H. volans, Scriba, Stet. Ent. Zeit. 1859, p. 413.

This species, distinguished from U. elongatula by Herr
Scriba, is extremely variable, and most difl&cult to cha-
racterize. Some of its varieties approach extremely
closely to H. elongahda, but it is, I think, a really dis-
tinct species. Compared with H. elongatula, it has less
developed antennae, these being a little more slender,

British Species of Homalota. 123

and a little shorter than in elongatula; the second joint
is rather longer in proportion to the third, and each joint
is generally rather more narrowed towai"ds the base.
Volans is generally smaller than elongatula, and the spe-
cimens of equal size with elongatula are broader in pro-
portion (though the smallest variety of volans is, com-
paratively, narrower than elongatula) . The thorax of H.
volans is shorter than that of H. elongatula, and the male
and female characters offer constant distinctive charac-
ters. The male of H. elongatula has the ventral portion
of the seventh segment narrow, and produced consider-
ably beyond the upper plate, while in volans the same
part is broader, shorter, and more evenly rounded, and
projects but little beyond the upper plate.

In the female of H. elongatula, the upper plate has the
apex in the middle a little emarginate, while in volans
the outline of the hind margin is not interrupted. The
setae towards the apex of the abdomen are in each sex of
E. volans more numerous than in elongatula.

The type of S. volans is If-l^ lin. long; the antennae
are moderately long and slender, of an obscure ferrugi-
nous colour. The thorax is about a fourth broader
than long, a little narrower than the elytra; these are
about a third longer than the thorax. The legs reddish-
yellow.

Var. a. — Smaller than the type, more especially nar-
rower and more parallel, the thorax rather longer, and a
little more narrowed behind ; the antennae and legs of a
dusky yellow.

Var. /3. — Rather larger and more robust than the type,
the colour of the legs, antennae, and elytra, brighter.

Var. y. — Like /8, but still brighter in colour, with a
more transverse thorax, this part appearing therefore
more narrowed behind.

Var. B. — Broader and more depressed than the type ;
black, with the antennae pitchy and slender; the head
small in proportion to the thorax, and the thorax more
transverse, being fully one-third broader than long (? H.
melanocera, Th.) .

Though the extreme forms of these varieties might be
considered distinct species, yet they are connected with
the type by intermediate specimens in the most unmis-
takeable manner. They occur more or less as races ; that

TKANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART II. (mAy) . L

124 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

is to say, that in a given spot the greater portion of the
specimens found may be referred to one or other of
the varieties. The type and var. /8 are the commonest,
more especially in the south ; var. a is rare, I have found
single specimens of it at different times near Thornhillj
var. 7 is rare, but generally distributed; of var. S, the
extreme forms are to be found only among the Scotch
hills, in shady and wet places, but I have from Wimble-
don Common numerous specimens intermediate between
it and the type.

The varieties might be increased to an indefinite extent,
by taking into consideration the channelling of the thorax,
the colour of the extremity of the abdomen, and of the
elytra, &c.

Ohs. — I am strongly inclined to think that several of
the species of Homalota described by Thomson as allied
to H. elongatula will prove to be forms of S. volans.
Indeed, a specimen of Atheta halophila which Mr. Crotch
has received from Herr Thomson is certainly not specifi-
cally distinct from H. volans.

25. Homalota clavipes.

Linearis, nigra, sat nitida, subtiliter sat confertim punc-
tata, antennis pedibus anoque fusco-testaceis ; thorace
subquadrato, elytris hujus longitudinis ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 confertim subtiliter, 5-6 sat sparsim punc-
tatis. Long. If lin.

Mas ; segmento 7° ventrali distincte producto.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice
medio obtuse angulato.

Var. — Capite medio canalicula brevi.

Resembles a large dark coloured elongatula. Antennae
pitchy-testaceous, with the base a little paler, moderately
long, a little thickened towards the apex ; joint two
rather longer than three ; joints four to ten varying but
little in length, but each one a little broader than the
one before it, the fourth joint longer than broad, the
tenth about as long as broad ; the eleventh not quite
twice the length of the tenth. Palpi pitchy-testaceous.
Head narrower than the thorax, pretty densely and finely
punctured, sometimes with a distinctly impressed short
channel on the disc, sometimes with an indistinct fovea,
and sometimes convex. The thorax is very nearly as

British Species of Homalota. 125

broad as the elytra, its length about equal to it breadth,
scarcely visibly narrowed behind, finely but not densely
punctured, with an indistinct impression in front of the
scutellum, from which proceeds a short channel, varying
in distinctness, and sometimes absent. Elytra pitchy-
black, not longer than, or scarcely so long as, the thorax,
finely and pretty densely punctured. Segments two to
four of the abdomen are finely, evenly, and densely punc-
tured ; the punctuation of the fifth and sixth segments
is more sparing, but distinct ; the extremity of the abdo-
men is obscurely paler. The legs are pitchy- testaceous.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is narrower than in the female, and pro-
jects considerably beyond the upper plate ; its hind mar-
gin is flattened, and sometimes appears emarginate in
the middle.

This species can only be confounded with H. elonga-
tula, but it is a little larger, darker, and more shining ;
the elytra are shorter, and the punctuation of the abdo-
men is throughout denser and more even than in H.
elongatula.

Found hitherto only on the higher mountains of Scot-
land, Ben Lomond, Mamsoul, &c.

26. Homalota tibialis.

Linearis, nigra, sat nitida, pedibus piceis ; thorace sub-
quadrato, elytris hoc fere brevioribus ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5-6 fere Igevigatis. Long.
H lin.

Mas J abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apicem
versus angustato.

Fern. J abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-
teriore medio subtiliter emarginato.

H. iihialis, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 335 ; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 325 ; Wat. Cat.

This species is readily distinguished by its deep black
colour, its rather narrow elongate form, and its short
elytra, only the length of the thorax. The antennae are
pitchy, or pitchy-black, with the basal joint obscurely
paler ; they are a little thickened towards the apex ;
joints two and three of about equal length ; four and five
each about as long as broad, the fourth smaller than the

L 2

126" Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

fifth ; the following joints differ but Kttle in length, each
is a little broader than its predecessor ; the penultimate
joints each a little broader than long ; the eleventh joint
is rather stout, about half as long again as the tenth.
The head is a little narrower than the thorax j the disc
flattened, and somewhat depressed in the male ; in the
female convex and with a small fovea, sparingly and
indistinctly punctured. The thorax is about as broad
as the elytra, about a fourth broader than long ; the sides
nearly straight, very slightly narrowed behind, very finely
and not closely punctured, moderately shiuing, with an
indistinct impression in front of the scutellum. The
elytra are about as long as the thorax, black or pitchy-
black, rather sparingly punctured, but more distinctly
than the thorax, pubescence fine and scanty. The abdo-
men is black and shining, segments two to four sparingly
punctured, fifth still more sparingly punctured, sixth
nearly impunctate. Legs pitchy, or pitchy-yellow, tarsi
rather stout.

In the male, the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is considerably produced and narrowed
towards the apex ; iu the female, the apex of this plate
is broad, not produced, a little emarginate in the middle,
and furnished with short parallel black cilia.

Common on the hills of Scotland, Wales, and the
north of England.

Obs. — It is remarkable that no one of the three species
restricted in this country to the hills (viz., tibialis, ere-
mita, and clavipes,) appears to have yet been found in
Sweden.

27. Homalota gregaria.

Linearis, vix nitida, dense subtiliter punctata, fusco-
nigra, antennis pedibusque fusco-testaceis ; antennis
sat validis, apicem versus vix incrassatis; thorace sub-
quadrato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5 crebre subtiliter
punctatis, 6° fere laevigato. Long. 1^-1^ lin.

Va7-. — Minor, elytris antennis pedibusque testaceis.

H. gregaria, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 87 ; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 215 ; Wat. Cat. Tachyusa immunita, Er.
Gen. et Spec. Staph. 916 ; Aloconota immunita, Th. Sk.
Col. iii. 10.

British Species of Homalota. 127

Somewhat like a small H. elongatula, but with a pecu-
liar dullish appearance, and at once to be distinguished
from that species by the punctuation of the abdomen,
and the structure of the posterior tarsi. The antennae
are rather stout for a species of this section, pitchy-
testaceous, a little thickened towards the apex; joints
two and three rather long, and of nearly equal length ;
from the fourth to the tenth each one is just a little shorter
and broader than the preceding one, the tenth scarcely
so long as broad, the eleventh rather stout and about
twice the length of the tenth. The palpi are pitchy-testa-
ceous. The head is narrower than the thorax, dull ; the
punctuation so fine as to be scarcely visible. The thorax
is evidently narrower than the elytra, but little narrowed
behind, the length about equal to the breadth, very
finely and closely punctured, with a more or less distinct
broad shallow impression in the middle in front of the
base. The elytra are scarcely a fourth longer than the
thorax, closely and finely punctured. The abdomen has
segments two to five above, closely, finely, and evenly
punctured, the punctuation of the fifth segment being a
little more sparing than that of the fourth ; the sixth
segment is nearly impunctate. The legs are yellow,
more or less pitchy ; the posterior tarsi long and slender,
the basal joint nearly twice as long as the second.

The male is with difiiculty distinguished from the
female by the upper and under plates of the seventh ab-
dominal segment being narrower than in the other sex.
The impression at the base of the thorax is often more
evident in the male than in the female.

A very abundant species all over the country, and one
which occurs in very difierent spots.

Ohs. — Out of some hundreds of specimens, I find only
one that can be considered a variety ; it is much smaller,
and generally paler in colour than ordinary H. gregaria.

Group V. Ahdomen with the hasal segments sparingly
punctured, the apical ones nearly impunctate.

(Species 28—35) .

Of this group H. vestita and silvicola are somewhat
discordant members ; the male characters of these two
are different from the rest. H. silvicola indeed exhibits
a considerable resemblance to the merdaria group. H.
vestita is confined to the coast; the other species are
found among moss, dead leaves, &c.

128 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

28. Homalota vestita.

Nigra, elytris ferrugineis, antennarum basi plus mi-
nusve pedibusque testaceis, corpore antice pube flaves-
cente sat dense evidentius vestito ; capite et thorace sat
fortiter distincte punctatis, hoc basin versus evidenter
angustato ; abdomine supra basi parce punctato. Long.
If lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali vix producto,,
apice rotundato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice
medio late haud profunde emarginato.

Pcederus vestitus, Grav. Mon. 140 ; H. vestita, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 84 j Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 208; Wat. Cafc.
Thinohcena quisqtiiliarum, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 59.

This species is distinguished from its allies by the
punctuation of its head, thorax, and elytra, which is
more distinct and sparing than usual. The pubescence
with which it is clothed is yellowish, and like the
punctuation, is more conspicuous, though less dense, than
in the neighbouring species.

The antennae are moderately stout, but little thickened
towards the apex, varying in colour, but with the basal
joints yellow, and rather paler in colour than the apical
ones ; joints two and three of nearly equal length ; four
to ten differing but little in length, the first of them
longer than broad, the last not quite so long as broad;
eleventh joint half as long again as the tenth. The
head is narrower than the thorax, black and shining,
distinctly but not closely punctured, the punctures not
covering the central part. The thorax is narrower than
the elytra, its length about equal to its breadth, distinctly
narrowed behind, with a central longitudinal channel
varying in distinctness, rather coarsely, but not close-
ly punctured. Elytra obscurely brown, or yellowish-
brown, a little longer than the thorax, and moderately
closely and coarsely punctured. The abdomen is black
and shining, with the apex obscurely paler, the basal
segments are sparingly punctured, the fifth even more
sparingly than the fourth, sixth nearly impunctate. The
legs are of a yellowish colour, the posterior tarsi rather
long and moderately stout, with the claws more deve-
loped than usual.

British Species of Ilomalota. 129

The male has the under plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen projecting a little beyond the upper
plate, and its apex is rounded ; while in the female, the
under plate does not project beyond the upper, and its
hind margin is emarginate in the middle.

Abundant under sea-weed on the coasts of England
and Scotland.

Ohs, — Thomson has reversed the sexes of this species.

29. Homalota nitidula.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel piceis vel brunneis, pedibus
piceo-testaceis ; subtiliter sat confertim punctata ; thorace
subquadrato, postice haud angustato ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 parcius punctatis, 5 et 6 fere Isevigatis.
Long. l|-2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra parce subtiliter
granulato, margine apicali truncate et obsolete crenu-
lato.

Fe7n. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine
apicali rotundato.

H. nitidula, Kj*. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 211 ; Wat. Cat. ; Atheta
nitidula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 64.

Var. — Angustior, antennis tenuioribus, thorace paulo
longiore, elytris thoracis longitudinis. Hah. in montibus
Scotiae.

This species varies a good deal in the colour of the
legs, antennae, and elytra. The antennas are generally
black, more or less pale at the base, moderately stout,
but little thickened towards the apex ; joints two and
three of about equal length ; four to ten scarcely differ-
ing in length, but each a little broader than the preced-
ing one, the fourth longer than broad, the tenth not so
long as broad ; eleventh joint moderately long and
rounded, about twice the length of the tenth. Head
black and shining, smaller than the thorax, sparingly
and finely punctured. The thorax is but little narrower
than the elytra, scarcely a third broader than long, not
narrowed behind, finely and rather sparingly punctured,
with an obsolete impression in front of the scutellum,
but not channelled. The elytra are a little longer than
the thorax, but more closely and distinctly punctured.
The abdomen is shining black, with the basal segments
sparingly but distinctly punctured, the apical ones almost
impunctate. The legs pitchy-yellow.

130 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

In the male^ the seventh segment of the abdomen is,
on the upper side, sparingly sprinkled with small granu-
lations, its apical margin is truncate and obsoletely
crenulate.

In the female, the upper and under plates of the
seventh segment have the hind margin gently rounded.

The type of this species (that described above) occurs
very rarely in the South of England, sometimes in the
nests of Formica fuliginosa.

In the north of Scotland, on Mamsoul, I have captured
a series of about two dozen specimens of a Homalota,
which may, perhaps, prove a distinct species from that
described above, though I think them only a variety.
They are lighter in colour, and not quite so shining, and
are narrower, especially towards the front ; the antennae
are a little thinner, the thorax is longer and narrower,
so that its length is about equal to its breadth, and the
elytra are but little, if at all, longer than the thorax. The
male characters are the same as in our Southern speci-
mens. I have not seen a sufficiently large series of the
Southern form to be able to judge to what extent it
varies ; but should these Scotch specimens prove a dis-
tinct species, the name nitidmscula may be applied to
it. Two or three examples taken on the hills about
Thornhill appear to be somewhat intermediate.

Ohs. I. — A German specimen of H. nitidula, sent by
Kraatz to the British Museum, agrees entirely with our
Southern examples.

Ohs. II. — H. nitidula is only likely to be confounded
with H. graminicola, but is readily distinguished from it
by its stouter antennae, and the much finer punctuation
of its elytra.

30. Homalota ohlongiiiscula.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel ferrugineis vel fuscis, pedi-
bus fusco-testaceis, subtiliter sat confertim punctata ;
antennis sat validis, apicem versus incrassatis ; thorace
transversim subquadrato; abdomine supra basi parcius
punctate, apice Isevigato. Long. 1^-1 1 lin.

Mas; antennis articulo tertio incrassato, capite utrinque
fortius punctate ; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali obsole-
tissime crenulato, ventrali subproducto.

H. ohloruja, Wat. Cat.

British Species of Ilomalota. 131

Var. — Thorace medio ante basin obsolete bi-impresso.
Very like H. vicina, and but little smaller; the an-
tennas are black, stout, and distinctly thickened towards
the apex ; second and third joints rather stout, of about
equal length (the third joint thicker in the male than in
the female) ; joints four to ten differ but little in length,
the first of them is a little longer than broad, the last of
them not so long as broad ; the eleventh joint rather
long", twice the length of the tenth. The head is much
smaller than the thorax, black and shining, distinctly but
not densely punctured; the disc more flattened in the
male, and the punctuation much more distinct. The
thorax is but little narrower than the elytra, not, or
scarcely at all, narrowed behind, its breadth about one-
third greater than its length, finely and not very densely
punctured, not channelled. The elytra are generally of
an obscure brownish colour, sometimes pitchy, not much
longer than the thorax, finely and pretty densely punc-
tured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal
segments sparingly and finely punctured, the apical ones
almost impunctate. The legs are testaceous, more or
less dusky, the femora not darker than the tibiae.

The male difiers in several points from the female.
The antennge have the third joint stouter than in the
female, and the other joints slightly shorter ; the punc-
tuation of the head is much more distinct ; the seventh
segment of the abdomen, on the upper side, has the
hind margin obsoletely crenulate ; and the ventral plate
is more produced than in the female, though but little
narrower.

Not common, but pretty generally distributed in Eng-
land and Scotland.

H. ohlongiuscula sometimes greatly resembles H. vicina,
but is readily distinguished, amongst other characters,
by its rather stouter antennae, shorter elytra, and the
thighs not darker than the tibiee. From H. nitidula its
smaller size and comparatively stouter antennae distin-
guish it.

Ohs. — H. ohlongiuscula is very closely allied to H.
ohlonga, Kr. It is smaller, has a shorter thorax, which
is without any broad shallow impression at the base, and
it has less developed and darker coloured antennae.
Judging from Thomson^s description, Sk. Col. ix. 266,
Liogl'uta microptera should be one or the other of these
two species ; or, at any rate, is very closely allied.

132 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

31. Homalota silvicola.

Nigra, nitidulaj antennis validis, piceo-testaceis, basi
dilutiore, articulo ultimo magno, conico; thorace sub-
quadrato ; elytris thorace paulo longioribus, Isete brunneis,
evidentius punctatis ; abdomine supra basi distincte minus
crebre punctato, apice fere laevigato ; pedibus testaceis.
Long. l|-2i lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, angus-
tato, apice rotundato.

Fem. ; segmento 7° ventrali haud producto, apice lato,
vix rotundato.

R. silvicola, Fuss, Berl. Ent. Zeit. xii. 1868, p. 353.
H. hypnoTuni, Sharp, Trans. Bnt. Soc. Lond. 3rd ser. v.
450 ; Liogluta hyj^norum, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 265 (forte).

N.B. — -Species antennarum prothoracisque structura
variabilis.

A large fine species, with remarkable antennae ; these
are stout and thickened towards the apex, bright reddish-
testaceous at the base, and more or less infuscate towards
the apex; the first joint stout, two and three moderate-
ly long, the latter a little the longer ; in difi'erent speci-
mens the intermediate joints of the antennae differ con-
siderably in length, the fourth is sometimes a little
longer than broad, sometimes even broader than long;
after the fourth, the joints differ but little from another
in length, but each one is a little broader than its pre-
decessor, more so in some specimens than others ; the
intermediate joints are more or less ti'ans verse, the tenth
always broader than long, sometimes strongly transverse,
the eleventh is stout and remarkably long, about as
long as the three preceding joints ; it is of a more or
less dusky testaceous colour, and generally lighter in
colour than the preceding joints. The head is rather
small, much smaller than the thorax; black and shining,
finely and sparingly punctured. The thorax is somewhat
narrower than the elytra, variable in length, sometimes
nearly as long as broad, sometimes one-third broader than
long ; very little narrowed behind, pretty finely and not
densely punctured; with an impression in front of the
scutellum, from which proceeds a short, more or less
distinct channel. The elytra are a little longer than the
thorax, of a bright brownish colour, indistinctly darker
about the scutellum and at the apical margins ; thickly

British Species of ITomalota. 133

and rather strongly punctured ; shining, but with a well
marked pubescence. The abdomen ia black and shining,
with the segments two to four distinctly but not densely
punctured ; fifth segment very sparingly punctured, sixth
almost impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is narrower and more produced than in
the female, its apex forming as it were the half of an oval.

Rare. Found at Shirley Common near London, and in
moss in different parts of Scotland; Dumfries, Strath
Cannich.

The remarkable terminal joint of the antennae of this
species, should prevent its being confounded with any
other of this section.

Ohs. I. — I am indebted to Herr Scriba for an opportu-
nity of examining Herr Fuss's type of H. silvicola ; it is
undoubtedly a female of the present species, with longer
thorax and longer antennae than the average of specimens,
the latter are also less thickened towards the apex than
usual in this species.

06s, II. — H. silvicola must be closely allied to H. mi-
cans, Muls. {hijiinoriim, Kies.) to which species indeed I
formerly referred a very large and fine female specimen,
found by me in Inverness-shire. I have never had an
opportunity of examining an authentic example of H. mi-
cans or liyiynorum, all the specimens I have seen named as
that species being varieties of the present insect. Thom-
son's description of Lioghita hypnormn seems to me also
clearly to point to the species I have described above.

32. Homalota vicina.

Nigra, nitida, elytris fuscis disco testaceis, pedibus
fusco-testaceis, femoribus obscurioribus, subtiliter punc-
tata; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine supra
parce subtiliter punctate, segmento 2° dorsali medio
tuberculo parvo. Long. If lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 2° tuberculo evidentiore,
7° dorsali subtiliter granulate, margine apicali medio
obscure acuminate.

Fe7ti. ; abdomine segmento 2° tuberculo minore, 7°
ventrali medio late obsolete emarginato.

134 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Aleochara vicina, Steph. HI. Brit. Ent. v. 116; H. vi-
cina, Wat. Cat. H. umbonata, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph.
82; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 209; Liogluta umbonata, Th.
Sk. Col. iii. 56.

This species is remarkable by the small tubercle at the
base of the second segment of the abdomen. The an-
tennae are black, rather stout, a little thickened towards
the apex; joints two and three rather long, of about equal
length, four to ten differing but little in length, the first
of them longer than broad, the last of them scarcely so
long as broad ; eleventh about twice as long as the tenth.
Head black and shining, much narrower than the thorax,
a little narrowed behind the eyes, which are rather large
and prominent, with an indistinct impression behind the
insertion of the antennte, so that the middle part of the
head in front appears raised ; sides sparingly and finely
punctured, the middle black, shining and impunctate.
Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, not narrowed
behind ; about a third broader than long, finely but rather
sparingly punctured, with an impression in front of the
base in the middle. The elytra are a third longer than
the thorax, of a blackish colour at the base and edges,
the middle of a lurid testaceous, finely and pretty closely
punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal
segments very sparingly punctured, the apical ones im-
punctate ; the second segment has in the middle a small
tubercle, very indistinct in the female. The legs are
pitchy testaceous, the thighs always darker than the tibiee.

The male has the abdominal tubercle on the second
segment larger than in the female. The dorsal plate of
the seventh segment is sprinkled with small tubercles,
and its hind margin projects a Httle in the middle.

In the female, the under plate of the seventh segment
is broader and shorter than in the male, and has its hind
margin broadly but obsoletely emarginate.

Abundant all over the country.

This species is distinguished by its dark black colour,
and the lighter disc of the elytra ; in this respect JBT. trian-
gulum somewhat resembles it, but that species is not so
shining, and is without any tubercle on the second seg-
ment of the abdomen.

Ohs. — As Stephen^s description of Aleochara vicina is
pretty clearly recognizable as this species, and is anterior
to Erichson's tmihonata, I have adopted his name.

British Species of Homalota. 135

33. Homalota crassicornis.

Nigro-picea, nitidula, antennis fusco-testaceis, basi di-
lutiore, elytris testaceo-brunneis^ pedibus testaceis ; tho-
race transversim subquadrato; elytris thorace paulo long-
ioribus, alutaceis ; abdomine supra antice parcius punc-
tato, apice Isevigato. Long. If lin.

Mas; thorace medio late bi-impresso, abdomine seg-
mento 7° dorsali confertim granulato^ utrinque apicem
versus granulo dentiformi majore, margine apicali medio
obtuse acuminato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra late ro-
tundato.

Aleochara crassicornis, Gyll. Ins. Suec. iv. 486; Lio-
gluta crassicornis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 56. H. granigera,
Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. xi. 218; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 207.

A shining and brightly coloured species, narrow (espe-
cially in front) in comparison with its length. The an-
tennae are rather long, not stout, thickened towards the
apex; joints two and three long and slender, three longer
than two, four to ten differing but little in length, but
each one a little broader than its predecessor, the fourth
and following joints longer than broad, but the tenth
scarcely so long as broad ; eleventh about as long as the
two preceding joints. Head considerably narrower than
the thorax ; shining, nearly black, rather sparingly punc-
tured, the punctures rather large but very shallow.
The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra; pitchy-
black, and rather shining; nearly a third broader than
long, not narrowed behind, its punctuation rather sparing
and shallow, but distinct; in the male with a broad im-
pression on the disc. The elytra are a Httle longer than
the thorax, of a testaceous brown colour, obscurely darker
about the base and towards the margins, alutaceous. The
abdomen is pitchy-black, with the posterior edges of the
segments more or less pale, shining, the basal segments
very sparingly punctured; fifth and sixth segments nearly
impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the thorax has a broad impression on the
disc, formed by two longitudinal impressions nearly united.
The seventh segment of the abdomen is thickly sprinkled
with very distinct granulations, one of these on each side
at the apex being larger and thickened at the front; its

136 Dr. Sharp's Bemsion of the

hind margin is thickened and a little produced in tho
middle^ Avhich forms, therefore, an obtuse angle. The
head also has sometimes a broad impression.

Of this species, I have seen only three British speci-
mens; they were taken by me in Inverness-shire. They
agree specifically with specimens of H. gramgcra, sent by
Ejt-aatz to the British Museum.

Obs. — This species is closely allied to Il.pagana, but is
smaller and narrower, especially in front, it is darker in
colour and more shining; the hind margin of the seventh
segment is of a different shape in the male, and the large
granulation on each side at the apex is thickened at its
forward end — a slight, but apparently very constant,
character.

34. Homalota pagana.

Picea, antice subnitida, antennis fuscis, basi pedibusque
testaceis, elytris testaceo-brunneis ; thorace subquadrato,
elytris hoc paulo longioribus ; abdomine supra basi parce
punctate, apice Igevigato. Long. 2-2j lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali confertim granu-
lato, apicem versus utrinque granule dentiformi, apice
ipso late rotundato, fere truncate.

Fern.; segmento 7° supra et infra apice late rotundato.

H. pagana, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 83 ; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 206; Wat. Cat. Liogluta arvicola, Th. Sk.
Col. iii. 55.

A large and peculiarly coloured species. The antennae
are long, and moderately stout, but little thickened to-
wards the apex ; pitchy in colour, with the base testaceous ;
basal joint stout, two and three rather long, thi'ee longer
than two, four to ten diifering but little in length, the
length of each greater than its breadth; the eleventh
about as long as the two preceding. Head nearly black,
rather broad, but considerably narrower than the thorax ;
its punctuation distinct, but not close. Thorax of a pitchy-
yellow colour, a little broader than long, a little narrower
than the elytra, slightly narrowed behind, distinctly and
pretty closely punctured. The elytra are a little longer
than the thorax, and lighter in colour than it, their sculp-
ture close and fine, alutaceous (the German expression
for this is " lederartig," like leather). The abdomen is

British Species of Homalota. 137

shining, pitchy; the fourth, fifth and sixth segments
darker than the base and apex, the basal segments very
sparingly punctured, the apical ones impunctate. The
legs are yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antennee is a little
stouter than in the female, and the antennge are altogether
a little longer and stouter ; the seventh segment of the
abdomen is sprinkled above with distinct granulations,
one of these on each side at the apex being longer and
more distinct than the others ; the hind margin is thick-
ened, and nearly truncate.

Not common, but it occurs in various parts of England
and Scotland. London; the Cheviots; Strath Cannich.

Ohs. — In this species the second, third, and fourth joints
of the antennse are furnished on the inside with numerous
fine white hairs ; this character is common, in a greater
or less degree, to the males of several species of the genus,
but is more easily seen in H. pagana than in others.

35. Homalota graminicola.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis piceis, pedibus piceo-testa-
ceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato, basi impresso ;
elytris evidenter punctatis ; abdomine supra basi parcius
punctate, segmentis 5 et 6 fere leevigatis. Long. 1§ lin.

Mas; capite impresso, thorace basi late foveolato,
elytris confertim fortiter granulatis, abdomine supra seg-
mento 6° granulis sparsim, 7° confertim asperate, hoc
apice truncate et subtiliter crenulato ; 7° ventrali pro-
ducto, apicem versus angustato, apice ipso excise.

Fern. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice late rotundato.

Aleochara graminicola, Grav. Mon. 176 ; H. gramini-
cola, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 81 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii.
212; Wat. Cat.; Atheta graminicola, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 62.

Var. — Elytris castaneis, antennis pedibusque rufo-tes-
taceis.

A black shining species, with the sculpture of the
elytra coarse and distinct. Antennse slender, rather long,
but little thickened towards the apex, pitchy; joints two
and three moderately long, three a little longer than two ;
four to ten differing but little in length, the length of
each greater than its breadth ; eleventh joint about

138 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

twice as long as the tenth. Head black and shining-, spar-
ingly and indistinctly punctured, much narrower than the
thorax. Thorax narrower than the elytra, not (or scarcely)
narrowed behind, its breadth about one and a half times
its length, finely and pretty closely punctured, with an
impression in front of the base in the middle. The elytra
are about a third longer than the thorax, coarsely sculp-
tured, the sculpture consisting of small granulations,
shining in the female, duller in the male. The abdomen
is black and shining, segments two to four sparingly
punctured, five and six nearly impunctate ; the apical
segment in the male distinctly, in the female sparingly
and obscurely, granulate. Legs pitchy testaceous, the
femora rather darker than the tibiae.

In the male, the head has a distinct impression in the
middle of the upper surface, the impression at the base
of the thorax is larger, the granulations of the elytra are
much coarser, and more numerous, so as to make the
elytra dull. The sixth segment of the abdomen is spar-
ingly sprinkled, on the upper side, towards the apex,
with granulations; the seventh segment is distinctly
granulate, the granulations more numerous and distinct
than on the sixth segment, its apex is truncate, and
finely crenulate. The under plate of the seventh segment
is considerably produced, narrowed towards the apex,
the apex itself being a little emarginate. In the female,
both the upper and under plates of the seventh segment
have the hind margins broad, and rounded.

Very abundant all over the kingdom, in damp places.

Ohs. — A variety occurs in which the elytra are of a
brownish colour, and the antennee and legs are also of a
lighter colour than usual ; it is, perhaps, Thomson's
tenuicornis. This colour-variation is to different extents,
its extreme form appears very rare.

Section B.

Group VI. Head strongly punctured.

(Species 36—38) .

The three species of this group are closely allied ; they
occur only on the coast, and are easily distinguished
from others of the genus. H. vestita (of Group V.) , oc-
curring also on the coastj has a similarly punctured
head.

British Species of Ilomalota. 139

36. Hoonalota Halohrectha.

Fusco-nigra, pube flavescenti distincte vestita, sat
nitida, antennis, ore, pedibus, anoque rufo-testaceis ;
capite distincte punctulato ; tliorace subquadrato, basin
versus ang'ustato ; elytris thorace longioribus, confertim
distincte punctatis ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce
punctatis, 5 et 6 fere laevigatis. Long. 1^-1^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obtuse acu-
minato, ventrali apice rotundato.

Fern,. ; segmento 7° ventrali apice latiore, medio fere
emarginato.

H. atricilJa, Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 290 {nee
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph.) . H. algce, var.. Hardy, Cat,
Col. North. & Dur. p. 116. H. maritima, Wat. Proc.
Ent. Soc. Lond. 1863, p. 138. Halohrectha flavipes, Th.
Sk. Col. iii. 50.

Var. — Minor, elytris thorace paulo longioribu.s, thorace
lateribus antice magis rotundatis.

Of an obscure blackish or pitchy colour, with the
elytra browner, the legs, extremity of abdomen, antennae,
and mouth, yellowish; the anterior parts with a distinct,
moderately dense, depressed, fine, but rather rigid, yel-
lowish pubescence. The antennas are about as long as
the head and thorax, gently thickened towards the apex,
with a moderately distinct exserted pubescence, reddish-
yellow, a little infuscate towards the apex ; joints two
and three long and slender, three not quite so long as
two ; four to ten, each one a little shorter and broader
than its predecessor, the first of them is longer than
broad, the last of them (eight to ten) broader than long.
The head is scarcely narrower than the thorax, suborbi-
culate, with the upper surface convex, blackish, with the
palpi and parts of the mouth yellow, distinctly and rather
coarsely, but shallowly and moderately densely punc-
tured, the punctures being real depressions ; with a fine
yellowish pubescence. The thorax is considerably nar-
rower than the elytra, its width rather greater than its
length, the sides rounded in front, then slightly but dis-
tinctly narrowed behind, moderately closely punctured,
and with a yellowish pubescence, the punctuation finer
than that of the head. The elytra are a third or fourth
longer than the thorax, of a brownish or pitchy-black

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART II. (mAY) . M

140 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

colour, pretty closely and distinctly but shallowly punc-
tured, and with a distinct yellowish pubescence. The
abdomen is black and shining, with the extremity yellow-
ish : segments two to four sparingly punctured, five and
six almost impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
segment is not altogether rounded, but a little flattened on
each side, so that it is indistinctly and obtusely pointed
in the middle. The ventral plate of the same segment
is narrower, and its apex more rounded than in the
female ; but these characters are not easy to perceive.

Common under sea- weed on the coasts of England and
Scotland.

Obs. I. — Scotch specimens of this species are smaller
than the Southern ones, and have their elytra rather
shorter, the sides of the thorax more dilated and rounded
in front, so that it is more narrowed behind ; having
regard, however, to the great general resemblance in
other respects, these cannot be considered as a distinct
species. It was from such specimens, I should think, that
Thomson^s description oi H. flavipes was made.

Ohs. II. — This species is said, by Herr Scriba, on the
authority of the type in the Museum at Turin, to be S.
atricilla, Er. (Gen. et Spec. Staph. 101) . It is quite
certain, however, I think, that Erichson's description
is in no way applicable to, or characteristic of, this
species ; and I do not believe it was made from speci-
mens of it. I have, therefore, not adopted his name ;
there may have been some mistake about the type, there
can be none as to the description. I have not adopted
Mr. Waterhouse's name of II. ma7'itima,as, according to
Harold's Catalogue, there is a prior luaritima. (I have
not, however, had any opportunity of verifying Harold's
quotation.) Hardy's name, H. algce, has also been pro-
posed for this species, but it cannot be used, as his de-
scription refers to H. inincticeps, of which he considered
this a variety. As there is already a well known Homa-
lota flavipes, I am obliged to find a new name for the
species.

37. Homalota ptmcticeps.

Subdepressa, subopaca, nigra, antennis pedibusque
piceis, pube flavescenti evidenter vestita ; capite confer-

British Species of Honialota. 141

tim distincte punctate ; thorace sub quadrate, basin
versus angustato, elytris hoc fere sesqui longioribus ;
abdomine supra seg-mentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis,
5 et 6 fere lasvigatis. Long 1^^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angusto,
truncate.

E. puncticeps, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. FOrh. 1852, p. 133 ;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 232 ; Wat. Cat.; Halohrectha punc-
ticeps, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 49. S. algce (ex parte) Hardy, Cat.
Col. North. & Dur. p. 116. H. anthracina, Fairm, Faune
Franc. 424.

Allied to H. Halohrectha, but readily distinguished by-
its darker colour, more depressed form, longer elytra,
and rather finer but more distinct punctuation, and the
different male characters. The antennas are about as
long as the head and thorax, thickened towards the apex,
pretty distinctly furnished with exsei'ted hairs^ blackish,
with the base pitchy ; joints two and three long and
slender, three not so long as two ; four to ten each a
little broader than its predecessor, from the seventh to
the tenth transverse; eleventh joint not quite so long as
the two preceding. The head is but little narrower than
the thorax, distinctly, deeply, and pretty closely punc-
tured, with a fine yellowish- gray pubescence. The thorax
is considerably narrower than the elytra, its length nearly
equal to its breadth, the sides rounded in front, a little
narrowed behind, its punctuation fine and moderately
close, not so distinct as that of the head and elytra, with
scarcely any impression in front of the scutellum. The
elytra are black, nearly one-half longer than the thorax,
closely, distinctly, and regularly punctured, and with a
fine yellowish distinct pubescence. The abdomen is
black and shining, obscurely paler at the apex, segments
two to four finely and sparingly punctured, five and six
almost impunctate. Legs ]3itchy, or pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
segment of the abdomen is truncate; the truncate part
is narrow, aud not quite straight, for it has an indistinct
projection in the middle; the ventral plate of the same
segment is considerably narrower at the apex than it is
in the female.

Pretty common under sea-weed on the coasts of Eng-
land and Scotland.

M 2

142 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Obs. — Hardy's name of H. algce should, perhaps, be
used for this species, as it is the oldest. He, however,
considered this and H. Halobrectha as one species in his
description.

38. Homalota iirinceps.

Nigra, pube flavescenti vestita, antennis elytrisque
fuscis, antennarum basi pedibus anoque rufis ; antennis
articulis 8-10 subtransversis ; capite evidenter punctate;
thorace subquadrato, basin versus angustato ; abdomine
supra segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 Itevigatis.
Long. If lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angusto,
truncato.

Much larger than the largest examples of H. Halohrec-
tha, or puncticeps, and in colour somewhat intermediate
between the two; allied to H. puncticeps by the male
characters, and the elytra comparatively longer than in
Halobrectha ; to IT. Halobrectha by its punctuation, which
is more sparing and shallow, bu^t rather coarser than in
puncticeps. The antennae have the penultimate joints
not so broad in proportion to their length as in ptmcticeps
and Halobrectha. The apex of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is truncate and narrow, the
truncate part is, however, not quite straight, but ob-
scurely produced in the middle.

I have seen four specimens of this fine species, all, I
believe, taken in the Isle of Wight. They are none of
them in good condition, so that I have not given a de-
tailed description of minor points, but I have no doubt
they will prove a good and distinct species. These speci-
mens agree entirely among themselves, except that one
of them is rather darker than the others.

Group VII. Head finely punctured, or nearly impunc-
tate. (Species 39 — 54) .

This group is an entirely artificial one, containing a
number of very discrepant species. Its subdivision into
five or six others would, however, scarcely simplify
matters. H. occulta and its allies are found in fungi and
vegetable refuse ; mquata and linearis are bark or wood
species ; incana and nigell-a are confined to large marshes.

British Species of Homalota. 143

where they occur amongst reeds ; debilis and angustula
are damp moss species ; and the very peculiar H. ccesula
occurs only in very dry, sandy places. H. subglabra
might, perhaps, be quite as correctly placed near H.

palustris.

39. Homalota occulta.

Linearis, subdepressa, antice subopaca, sculptura sub-
tiliore, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; an-
tennis apicem versus vix incrassatis ; thorace transversim
subquadrato, basin versus vix angustato; elytris aluta-
ceis ; abdomine nitidulo, basi parce punctate, apice fere
Isevigato. Long. 1|-1| lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° crassiore, abdomine seg-
mento 7° dorsali, lateribus et apice, reflexo-marginato,
apice late obsolete emarginato.

li. occulta, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 317 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 83; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 233; Bessohia occulta,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 43.

Antennae entirely black, moderately stout, but scarcely
thickened towards the apex ; first joint stout and rather
long, two and three of about equal length ; four to ten
differing but little in length, seven to ten not quite so
long as broad ; eleventh joint about half as long again as
the tenth. Head smaller than the thorax, dull, its sculp-
ture very indistinct, with a shallow impression on the
disc, more evident in the male than in the female. The
thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about a third
broader than long, slightly narrowed behind, its sculpture
fine, not very dense, with a not very distinct impression
in the front of the base in the middle. Elytra about one-
third longer than the thorax, of a peculiar dull pitchy-
testaceous colour, alutaceous, punctuation or sculpture
being scarcely visible. Abdomen black and shining,
segments two to four sparingly punctured, five and six
almost impunctate. Legs pitchy-testaceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antennse is much
stouter than in the female, and the impression on the
middle of the head is more evident. The dorsal plate of
the seventh abdominal segment has the sides very dis-
tinctly raised, the apical margin also raised, but not so
distinctly as the sides, the apex itself is broadly, but
very indistinctly, emarginate.

3.44 Dr.' Sharp's Ilev'ision of the

In tlie female, botli the upper and under plates of the
seventh segment are simple, and with the hind margin
broadly rounded.

I have seen only two specimens, S and $ , that I can
certainly refer to this species ; most of the specimens
representing it in our collections belong to the next
species ; a male specimen of H. occulta, sent by Kraatz
to the British Museum, agrees altogether with these two.

40. Howalota fungivora.

Linearis, subdepressa, nigra, elytris obscure fuscis,
pedibvis fusco-testaceis ; sculptura subtiliore ; antennis
apicem versus paulo incrassatis ; thorace transversim
subquadi-ato, basin versvis subangustato 5 abdomine supra
basi parce punctate, apice fere IfBvigato. Long. Ij-H
lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° incrassato, capite late im-
presso, abdomine segment© 7° dorsali lateribus eviden-
ter elevatis, apice rotundato truncate, minus evidenter
incrassato.

Btssohia fungivora, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 260.

This species is extremely closely allied to H. occulta,
and is, perhaps, not really distinct from it. H.fiingivora is
smaller, has joints four to six of the antennae narrower in
proportion to the following ones, so that the antennse
appear more thickened towards the extremity than in
H. occulta ; the impression on the front of the head is
broader and larger, the thorax appears a little less trans-
verse, and more narrowed behind, and the posterior
margin of the seventh segment in the male is not broadly
emarginate, but is nearly straight, and shows sometimes,
in the middle, traces of a very minute notch; its upper
surface also generally bears a broad, indistinct, longitu-
dinal channel. These characters, however, all appear to
vary somewhat, and, as I have said above, H. fungivora
may ultimately prove to be a variety of H. occulta. I
have not, however, seen a sufficient series of the larger
species to enable me to express a positive opinion.

H. fungivora is pretty generally distributed over the
country, but is not common ; it is found in fungi, especially
when growing on the stumps of trees, in autumn.

Obs. — Mr. Crotch has submitted to me a specimen of
H. fungivora forwarded to him by Herr Thomson ; this
agrees altogether with my British specimens.

British Species of Homalota. 145

41. Homalota ■picipes.

Nigra, antice alutacea, antennis elytrisque nigro-piceis,
pedibus fusco-testaceis ; antennis sat crassis, apicem ver-
sus vix in crassatis; thorace transversim subquadrato, basin
versus baud angustato, postice foveolato; elytris hoc ter-
tia parte longioribus ; abdoraine basi parce punctato, apice
fere levigate. Long. 1| lin.

Mas; antennis articulo 3° incrassato, abdomine seg-
mento 7° dorsali, apice medio, late, fere triangulariter,
emarginato, margine posteriore subtiliter incrassato, ven-
trali, paulo producto, apice rotundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali, apice medio tri-
angulariter exciso, ventrali, apice obtuse acuminato.

H.picipes, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 99; Athe-
ta picvpes, Sk. Col. iii. 81. H.fiisco-femorata, Wat. Cat.

Flat, but not very depressed, shorter, broader, and
comparatively rather more robust, than H. fungivora.
The antenna3 are short and stout, about the length of the
head and thorax, scarcely thickened towards the apex;
pitchy-black, obscurely paler at the base ; first joint stout,
second and third short, of about equal length, fourth a
little more slender than the fifth, its length about equal
to its breadth, five to ten differing but little in length and
breadth, each one distinctly transverse; eleventh joint
nearly as long as the two preceding. Head rather broad
and short, narrower than the thorax, dullish; flat above,
broadly impressed in the male, very obscurely in the
female. Thorax but little narrower than the elytra^ fully
one-third broader than long, not narrowed 'behind, with
an impression or short channel in the middle in front of
the base, in the male with a broad impression, its sculp-
ture alutaceous, fine and pretty dense. The elytra are
quadrate, about a fourth longer than the thorax, aluta-
ceous, the sculpture pretty dense and distinct. The ab-
domen is black and shining, sometimes brownish at the
apex ; the basal segments sparingly punctured, the fifth
and sixth almost impunctate. The legs are pitchy-tes-
taceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antennge is thickened,
the head and thorax are distinctly impressed ; the upper
plate of the seventh abdominal segment has its posterior
margin a little thickened, and emarginate in the middle.

146 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

the lobe formed by each side of the eniargination gently
rounded ; the under plate of the same segment is more
produced than in the female, and its posterior margin is
gently rounded.

In the female, the upper plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen has the apex with a distinct triangular
notch in the middle ; the posterior margin of the under
plate is not rounded, but a little acuminate in the middle.

I have found this species only in Scotland ; Edinburgh,
Rannoch, Strath Cannich.

Ohs. — This species has the structure of the antennas
very much like that of H. fungicola and its allies, but it
is certainly in its place here, in the neighbourhood of
fvngivora and excellens. Two specimens ( $ and ? ) of
H. picipes sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree
entirely with my specimens.

42. Homalofa excellens.

Nigra, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus fuscis; thorace
transversim subquadrato ; abdomine basi parce punctate,
apice Isevigato. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio tri-
angulariter excise, margine posteriore subtiliter incrassato,
ante apicem tuberculis 6, lineam curvatam transversam
formantibus, instructo.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio levi-
ter emarginato.

H. excellens, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 235 ; Wat. Cat.

Antennae rather short, black, distinctly but not greatly
thickened towards the apex, second and third joints rather
short, the third not quite so long as the second, four to
ten each distinctly broader than its predecessor, seven to
ten distinctly transverse; eleventh joint about half as
long again as the tenth. Head considerably narrower
than the thorax, black, rather dull, its punctuation indis-
tinct, with an impression in the middle, more distinct in
the male than in the female. Thorax narrower than the
elytra, fully one-third broader than long, a little narrow-
ed behind, the disc flattened, sometimes with a large im-
pression, sometimes with a fovea in front of the base in
the middle, from which proceeds a channel; its sculpture
and pubescence moderately fine and not dense. The ab-

British Species of Homalota. 147

domen is shining black; the basal segments sparingly
punctured, the apical ones still more so, nearly impunc-
tate. Legs pitchy-testaceous; tibige and tarsi a little
paler than the femora.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-
men is furnished, befoi'e the apex, with a curved trans-
verse row of irregular tubercles, six in number, three on
each side; the outside one starts from the external apical
angle of the segment, joins a second more elevated one,
while more in the middle is a third smaller and more in-
distinct one ; the posterior margin of the same segment
has in the middle a triangular notch, neither very wide
nor very deep, and the hind margin is a little thickened.

In the female, the apical margin of the dorsal plate of
the seventh segment is a little emarginate in the middle,
but not deeply so.

This species is rare, but I have found it in several
localities in Scotland. Rannoch, Arran, Strath Cannich,
Thornhill.

Ohs. — Compared with H. fungivora, H. excellens is found
to be comparatively broader and less elongate, rather
more shining, of a darker, blacker colour, with shorter,
broader elytra, &c. It is more closely allied to H. mon-
ticola, and is distinguished from that species by its darker
coloured elytra, less shining surface, and less delicate punc-
tuation and pubescence. The males of the two species
are to be distinguished at once by the remarkable abdom-
inal characters, but the distinction of the females is by
no means easy. A specimen of H. excellens sent by
Kraatz to the British Museum agrees with my specimens.

43. Homalota monticola.

Nitidula, subtiliter punctata, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedi-
bus fusco-testaceis ; thorace transversim convexiusculo,
latitudine fere dimidio breviore; abdomine basi parce
punctate, apice laevigato. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas J capite medio thoraceque ante basin distincte
impressis ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali pliculis 4 in-
structo, apice profunde triangulariter excise, et cum
lateribus reflexo-marginato.

Fem.; segmento 7° dorsali medio leviter emarginato.

148 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

E. monticola, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forli. 1852, p. 143;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 234; Wat. Cat.; Bessohia monticola,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 43.

Antennae black, rather short and stout, thickened to-
wards the apex, joints two and three of nearly equal
length, four to ten each one broader than the preceding,
from the fifth onwards distinctly transverse ; eleventh
joint pointed, rather short, half as long again as the tenth.
The head is rather broad, narrower than the thorax, mo-
derately shining, finely and sparingly punctured ; in the
male with a broad impression, in the female with a chan-
nel. Thorax narrower than the elytra, transversely con-
vex, more than a third broader than long ; the sides
gently rounded, scarcely narrowed behind, finely and not
densely punctured ; in the male with a broad impression
in front of the base in the middle, in the female with an
indistinct one ; sometimes also with an obsolete longitu-
dinal channel. The elytra are one-third longer than the
thorax, of a brownish colour, moderately shining, their
sculpture and pubescence fine. The abdomen is shining
black, at the base very sparingly punctured, at the apex
impunctate. The legs are pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the head and thorax are more impressed
than in the female, the seventh dorsal segment of the ab-
domen has the apex in the middle deeply triangularly
emarginate, the sides have a very distinct raised margin,
the apical margin is also raised, but less distinctly than
the sides, and is furnished with four raised longitudinal
folds ; of these, the two inner are parallel to one an-
other, the two outer converging towards the apex.

In the female, the posterior margin of the seventh dor-
sal segment is a little emarginate in the middle.

Rare. I have found it at Croydon, on Purley Downs,
and near Thornhill in Dumfries-shire.

The male appears to be quite as common as the female,
and the remarkable structure of the seventh segment of
its abdomen should prevent its being mistaken for any
other species.

Ohs. — Two specimens ( ^ and $ ) of If. monticola sent
by Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my spe-
cimens.

British Species of HoDialota. 149

44. Honialota suhglahra.

Nitidula, laigraj elytris pedibusque piceo-testaceisj sub-
tiliter baud confertim punctata, subtiliter pubescens;
antennis apicem versus leviter incrassatis, articulis 7-10
transversis ; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine
basi parce obsolete punctato, apice la^vigato. Long.
14- lin.

Mas ; structura abdominali femina vix distinguitur.

Rather broader than H. palustris, more robustly built,
and more shining. The antennas are black, stout in pro-
portion to the size of the insect, but little longer than
the head and thorax, distinctly but not greatly thickened
towards the apex ; the basal three joints rather slender
and elongate, the second longer than the third ; from the
fourth to the tenth, each joint is distinctly broader than
its predecessor, seven to ten transverse; eleventh joint
gently pointed, moderately long, about twice the length
of the tenth. Head black and shining, narrower than
the thorax, a little narrower behind the eyes, which are
rather prominent, finely pubescent, and almost impunc-
tate. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, fully one-
third broader than long, the anterior angles gently
rounded, the sides nearly straight, not narrowed behind,
its punctuation extremely fine and not dense, without
channel or fovea. Elytra dusky-testaceous, darker to-
wards the base and angles, half as long again as the
thorax, shining, the sculpture finely alutaceous. The
abdomen is black and shining, the basal segments spar-
ingly and not distinctly punctured, the apical ones
impunctate. The legs are of a pitchy-testaceous colour.

The male is scarcely to be distinguished from the
female, except by the fact that the upper and under
plates of the seventh segment of the abdomen are nar-
rower than in the female .

This species is rare, and found only among the Scotch
mountains. Rannoch, Strath Cannich, Arran, Thorn-
hill.

Ohs. — A specimen of this species, sent by Mr. Crotch
to Herr Thomson, was returned by him with a label
attached, marked " mnhonatce affinis.^^ I think, however,
it is better placed near monticola, from which it is distin-
guished by its much smaller size, finer punctuation, and
absence of marked male characters.

150 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

45. Homalota incana.

Sat depressa, subopaca, nigra, antennis basi testaceis,
apice pedibusque fuscis, harum genubus tarsisque dilu-
tioribus, confertim fortiter punctata ; thorace transversim
subquadratOj elytris angustiore ; abdomine crebre fortiter
punctato, apice granulate. Long, 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 5° supra subtiliter, 6° at
7° fortiter granulatis, hujus apice extreme laevigato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmentis 5 et 6 obsolete vix evi-
denter granulatis.

JT. incana, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 329; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 109; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 236; Wat. Cat.; Ali-
anta incana, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 44.

A peculiar, dull species. The antennae are testaceous
at the base, more or less darkened towards the apex,
short, about the length of the head and thorax, thickened
towai'ds the apex; first joint longer than the second or
third, three a little shorter and narrower than two ; four
about as long as broad ; from this to the tenth, each
joint is broader than the foregoing one, seven to ten dis-
tinctly transverse ; the eleventh joint about twice as long
as the tenth. Head a little narrower than the thorax,
dull, sometimes with an impression in the middle ; its
punctuation pretty close, but indistinct. Thorax con-
siderably narrower than the elytra, nearly a third broader
than long, a little narrowed behind, dull, its punctuation
indistinct, sometimes with an impression or channel in
the middle in front of the scutellum. The elytra are
nearly one-half longer than the thorax, the sculpture
dense and distinct, consisting of small numerous granu-
lations. The basal segments of the abdomen are closely
and distinctly punctured, from the fourth segment to
the seventh the sculpture consists of distinct fine granu-
lations, the fourth less distinctly granulate than the
following ones. The legs are pitchy, the tarsi and knees
indistinctly paler than the other parts ; the posterior
tarsi are stout, and rather short.

In the male, the fourth to sixth segments of the abdo-
men are moderately shining, the extreme apex of the
seventh segment is quite smooth and shining, in front
of this shining space is a row of four large indistinct

British Species of Homalota. 151

tubercles, and tlie space in front of these is thickly-
studded with granulations ; the granulations of the fifth
and sixth segments are also very distinct ; sometimes
also the posterior margin of the seventh segment has a
very small notch in the middle.

In the female, the apical segments of the abdomen are
not more shining than the basal ones, the granulations
on the fifth and sixth segments are indistinct ; the
extreme edge of the seventh segment is less shining than
in the male, and the four elevations in front of this
space are smaller, and more separated from one another ;
the outside one on each side being a sort of raised
line connected with the outer angle.

This peculiar species is found in large marshes, and
lives in the axils of the leaves of water plants, but is to
be found also amongst moss and rubbish at the edges of
pools. Hammersmith Marshes and the Fen districts.

46. Homalota nigella.

Linearis, angusta, antice opaca; thorace subquadrato,
basin versus angustato, dorso late longitudinaliter im-
presso; elytris hoc paulo latioribus et longioribus ; ab-
domine segmentis 2-4 crebre distincte punctatis, 5°
magis sparsim punctate. Long. Ij lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 6° supra sat distincte
granulate, 7° apice denticulis 4 instructo.

H. nigella, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 323 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 92; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 237; Wat. Cat. H.
immersa, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 139. Dinarcea
punctiventris , Th. Sk. Col. ii. 292.

Allied both to the preceding and following species,
but smaller than either. The head and thorax dull, the
elytra and abdomen more shining. The antennae are
thickened towards the apex, about as long as the head and
thorax, testaceous at the base, infuscate towards the
apex ; the first joint nearly as long as the second and
third, three a little shorter and more slender than two ;
four to ten each a little broader than its predecessor,
six to ten distinctly transverse ; eleventh not quite twice
as long as the tenth. The head is but little narrower
than the thorax, dull, flat, broadly and indistinctly im-
pressed in the male, the sculpture dense, but indistinct.

152 Dr. Sharp's lievision of the

Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, its length but
little less than its breadth, narrowed behind, but not
greatly so ; dull, with a broad central longitudinal im-
pression, sculpture indistinct. The elytra are not a third
longer than the thorax, rather more shining than it,
sculpture dense and distinct, consisting of minute granu-
lations. The abdomen is moderately shining, segments
two to four are closely and distinctly punctured, fifth
segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunc-
tate, but with granulations in the male. The thighs are
pitchy, the tibiae and tarsi pitchy-testaceous; posterior
tarsi short and stout.

In the male, the sixth segment is sprinkled above with
granulations, not very conspicuously, however ; the
seventh segment has the hind margin furnished with four
small projecting tubercles, the middle ones more dis-
tinct than the lateral.

In the female, the sixth and seventh segments are
simple above.

Found in marshy places, in company with H. inccma ;
Horning, Hammersmith, &c.

47. Homalota cequata.

Antice opaca, nigra, antennis fuscis, basi pedibusque
testaceis, elytris brunneis ; thorace subquadrato, late
longitudinaliter impresso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre
punctatis, 5° magis sparsim punctate, 6° fere Isevigato.
Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 5° dorsali medio granulis
elevatis duobus, 6° granulis octo, 7° apice denticulis 4
instructo.

H. cequata, Br. Kiif. Bi'and. i. 323 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 92; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 238; Wat. Cat.; Di-
narcea cequata, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 290.

Antennae rather stout, about as long as the head and
thorax, testaceous at the base, pitchy towards the apex ;
first joint stout, moderately long, three a little longer
than two ; four to ten each a little broader than its pre-
decessor, five to ten each broader than long ; eleventh
joint quite twice as long as the tenth. Palpi yellow.
Head but little narrower than the thorax, flat, quite dull,
the front depressed in the male, sculpture indistinct.

British Species of Homalota. 153

Thorax a little narrower than the elytra^ nearly as long
as broad, somewhat narrowed behind, quite dull, with
a broad central longitudinal impression in the middle,
with a fine channel, sometimes very indistinct ; sculpture
indistinct. The elytra are brownish, a little longer than
the thorax, and not quite so dull as it, punctuation fine
and dense. The abdomen is black, shining towards the
apex, the posterior edges of the segments obscurely
brown ; segments two to four closely and distinctly
punctured, fifth more sparingly punctured, sixth almost
impunctate. Legs yellow, posterior tarsi moderately
long.

In the male, the front of the head has a distinct broad
impression, and the longitudinal impression on the thorax
is more distinct than in the female ; the fifth segment of
the abdomen has, on the upper side, two small raised
granulations ; the sixth segment has two transverse
rows of short raised longitudinal lines, four in each
row; those in the hind row closer to one another than
those in the front row. The sixth segment has the pos-
terior margin furnished with four small sharp projecting
teeth, the outside ones being indistinct.

Not common ; found in the bark of oak stumps in
England.

Ohs. — This species cannot easily be mistaken for any
other, if the very dull head and thorax, the brownish
elytra, and the yellow legs, be noted.

48. Homalota angustula.

Linearis, sat depressa, dense subtiliter punctata, capite
abdomineque nigris, antennarum basi pedibusque testa-
ceis ; thorace subquadrato, canaliculate; elytris Isete rufo-
testaceis, thorace vix longioribus ; abdomine segmentis
2-5 dense subtiliter punctatis, 6° parcius punctate. Long.
li-l§ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° supra granulis elevatis
asperate, 7° ante apicem granulis elevatis 4, apice ipso
medio denticulis duobus subprominulis, utrinque denti-
culis duobus obsoletis.

Aleochara angustula, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 393; H. an-
gustula, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 91; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 238; Wat. Cat.; Dinareea angustula, Th. Sk. Col. ii.
290.

154 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

A rather flat, parallel species, with very bright colour-
ed elytra. Antennge moderately long and stout, gently
thickened towards the apex, the two or three basal joints
reddish-yellow, the rest pitchy; joints two and three
moderately long and stout, of about equal length, four
and five nearly equal to one another, each longer than
broad, six about as long as broad, seven to ten a little
transverse; eleventh joint about twice as long as the
tenth. Palpi obscurely testaceous. Head a little nar-
rower than the thorax, dull ; the upper surface not con-
vex, deeply impressed in the male, its sculpture fine, close
and indistinct. Thorax variable in colour, black, reddish
or yellow; scarcely narrower than the elytra, but little
broader than long, very little narrowed behind, very fine-
ly and densely punctured, with a distinct central longitu-
dinal channel. The elytra are but little longer than the
thorax, reddish-yellow, slightly obscured about the scu-
telium, very thickly and finely punctured. The abdomen
is black, and, with the exception of the sixth segment,
dull, segments two to five are densely and finely punc-
tured, sixth segment rather sparingly punctured. Legs
yellow.

In the male, the sixth segment of the abdomen has on
the upper surface ten or twelve small elevations, irregu-
larly placed ; the seventh segment is furnished before the
apex with a row of four short raised lines, and the hind
margin itself has in the middle two other lines projecting
a little beyond the margin, and on each side of these are
one or two similar, but much smaller, and more indistinct
lines.

Found in damp places both in England and Scotland,
but not common.

Ohs. — The brightly coloured elytra and legs, together
with the flat parallel form, and the close and fine punc-
tuation of this species, should prevent its being confound-
ed with any other of the genus.

49. Homalota linearis.

Subnitida, nigra, antennis basi testaceis, apicem versus
infuscatis, elytris brunneis, pedibus anoque testaceis ; ca-
pite canaliculato ; thorace subquadrato, canaliculate; ely-
tris hoc paulo longioribus, evidenter, sat crebre, punc-
tatis ; abdomine basi vix crebre punctato, apice fere laevi-
gato. Long. 1^ lin.

British Species of Homalota. 15^

Mas; fronte antice late impressa.

Aleochara linearis, Grav. Micr. 69 ; H. linearis, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 91 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 240; Wat. Cat,;
Dinarcea linearis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 291.

A good deal like H. cequata, but much more shining,
with more sparingly punctured abdomen^ &c. Antennae
moderately stoutj a little thickened towards the apex,
furnished distinctly with projecting hairs, the basal three
joints yellow, the others dirty yellow; first joint stout,
two and three of nearly equal length, fourth joint not so
broad as the fifth, six to ten each broader than long ;
eleventh about half as long again as the tenth. Head a
little narrower than the thorax, not very shining, flat
above, with a longitudinal impression on the middle; in
the male, with a broad shallow impression between the
eyes; rather sparingly and not distinctly punctured.
Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, about one-
fourth broader than long, slightly narrowed behind,
moderately shining, pretty densely and finely punctate,
with a broad and distinct longitudinal channel. Elytra
a little longer than the thorax, brown, punctuation more
evident than on the head and thorax. Abdomen with
segments two to four rather sparingly and finely punc-
tured, five and six almost impunctate and shining, apex
obscurely testaceous. Legs yellow.

It is not easy to distinguish the male from the female
by the structure of the abdomen ; but, in the former sex,
the front of the head is broadly impressed.

Generally distributed in England and Scotland : found
under bark of dead trees, and in moss in woods.

50. Homalota pilicornis.

Subdepressa, nitidula, antennis verticillato-pilosis, ni-
gra, antennarum basi pedibus anoque rufo-testaceis, ely-
tris brunneis; thorace transversim subquadrato; abdo-
mine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter hand crebre punctatis,
5° parce punctate, 6° fere laevigato. Long. 1| lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore
incrassato, obsoletissime crenulato ; ventrali apice ro-
tundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice late obsolete
emarginato, angulis externis acutis ; ventrali apice medio
emarginato.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PAKT II. (MAY) N

156 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

E.pilicornis,Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 142;
Atlieta inlicornis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 82. H. jnlosa, Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 241 ; Wat. Cat.

A species not much resembling the preceding ones;
somewhat like a broad flat H. elongatula, but readily dis-
tinguished by the antennge being furnished with long pro-
jecting hairs, more distinctly than is usual m the genus.
The antennfe are moderately stout, gently thickened to-
wards the apex, the basal three joints rather elongate,
lighter in colour than the following ones; joint three
longer than two, four to ten each a little broader than its
predecessor, four to six about as long as broad, seven to
ten transverse ; eleventh joint about half as long again as
the tenth. Head rather broad and short, narrower than the
thorax, somewhat narrowed behind, rather shining, finely
and sparingly punctured, sometimes with an impression
or channel on the disc. Thorax a little narrower than
the elytra, rather flat, more than one-third broader than
long, a little narrowed behind, finely and not densely
punctured. The elytra are rather longer than the thorax,
brownish, not densely but distinctly punctured, and fine-
ly alutaceous. The abdomen is black and shining, red-
dish-yellow at the extremity, segments two to four finely
and not densely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly
punctured, sixth almost impunctate ; the sides and apex
distinctly furnished with long exserted hairs. Legs clear
yellow.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal
segment has the apex truncate, but with the posterior
margin not quite straight; this margin is distinctly
thickened, and indistinctly crenulate. The under plate
of the seventh segment has the hind margin gently
rounded.

In the female, the seventh segment above has the
posterior margin broadly but shallowly emarginate, and
terminates on each side in a small sharp projection ; on
the under side the same segment has the posterior mar-
gin emarginate, and furnished densely with short parallel
cilia.

Rare. Rannoch ; and Hampstead, near London.

Obs. — This species is, I think, best placed here; though,
in some respects, it is allied to H. xantJioptera.

British Species of Homalota. 157

51. Homalota dehilis.

Linearis^ subdepressa, nigro-fusca, antennis ore pedi-
bus anoque testaceis, elytris fusco-testaceis; thorace sub-
quadrato, basin versus leviter angustato ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis^ 5° parce
punctato, 6° fere laevigato. Long 1^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto^ apicem
versus haud angustato.

H. dehilis, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 321 ; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
94; Kr. Ins. Deutscli. ii. 243 ; Wat. Cat. ; Atheta dehilis,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 72.

Allied to H. elongatula, but smaller and more slender,
with broader head, and stouter antennae ; brighter
coloured, and with the thorax more narrowed behind, &c.
Antennas yellow, rather longer than the head and thorax,
a little thickened towards the apex ; joints one to three
moderately long, three scarcely so long as two, four to
ten each a little stouter than the preceding one, four and
five rather slender, six about as long as broad, seven to
ten each broader than long; eleventh joint rounded.
Mandibles and palpi yellow. Head rather short and
broad, but little narrower than the thorax, finely and in-
distinctly punctured. The thorax is scarcely narrower
than the elytra, gently but distinctly narrowed behind,
about one-fourth broader than long, finely and closely
punctured, with an indistinct longitudinal channel. Ely-
tra a third longer than the thorax, of a brownish or
yellowish colour, finely and pretty densely punctured.
The abdomen is black, with the extremity yellow ; seg-
ments two to four finely and moderately closely punc-
tured, fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth almost
impunctate. Legs clear yellow.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is produced considerably beyond the
upper plate ; its sides are parallel, so that it is not nar-
rowed towards the apex, which is truncate, with the
angles rounded.

In marshy places in England and Scotland, but not
common.

52. Homalota fallaciosa.

Nigro-fusca, antennis ore anoque obscure testaceis,
pedibus testaceis, elytris fuscis ; capite thorace angustiore,

158 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

suborbiculatOj medio canalicula brevi impresso; tliorace
transversim subquadrato^ basin versus vix angustato ; ely-
tris thorace paulo longioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis
2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato,
6° fere Ifevigato. Long. 1^ lin.

31as ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto_, apicem
versus angustato^ apice rotundato.

Allied to H. dehilis, but less depressed, more robust,
jieither so shining nor so brightly coloured, witli nar-
rower more orbiculate head, shorter elytra, different ab-
dominal structure in the male, &c. Antennas a little longer
than the head and thorax, obscure testaceous, the basal
joints testaceous; a little thickened towards the apex;
joints one to three moderately long, three not so long as
two, four to ten each slightly broader than its predecessor,
four to six about as long as broad, seven to ten scarcely
so long as broad; eleventh joint short, scarcely half as
long again as the tenth. Mandibles and palpi obscure
yellow. Head considerably narrower than the thorax,
a little narrowed in front, with a distinct short channel
on the disc, finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax a
little narrower than the elytra, quite one-third broader
than long, transversely convex, but little narrowed be-
hind, with a scarcely visible impression in front of the
base in the middle, finely and closely punctured. Elytra
scarcely one-fourth longer than the thorax, broader than
long, thickly and finely punctured, brownish or pitchy-
brown. Abdomen black, with the apex yellowish, seg-
ments two to four moderately closely and finely punc-
tured, fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth nearly
impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the channel on the head is more distinct,
the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal segment is
distinctly produced beyond the dorsal plate, and it is
narrowed towards the hind margin, which is rounded.

Rare. I have found it only in Scotland; Rannoch,
and Thornhill,

Ohs. — This species resembles some of the varieties of
H. volans, but is readily distinguished by its shorter and
stouter antennae, with transverse penultimate joints. It
also somewhat resembles H. Auhei, Bris., and is distin-
guished by its shorter antennte, less punctured abdomen,
&c. Its place is certainly next H. dehilis.

British Species of Homalota. 159

53. Homalota deformis.

Linearis, depressa, confertim subtiliter punctata,
picea, tliorace elytrisqne fusco-testaceis, antennis ano
pedibusque testaceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato,
basin versus angustato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4
subtiliter baud confertim punctatis, 5° parcius punctato,
6° fere Igevigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° apice rotundato.
Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° apice medio obsolete
emarginato.

H. deformis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 244.

An immature looking species, like H. dehilis, but much
smaller and paler. Antennee pale testaceous, stout for
the size of the insect, thickened towards the apex ; joint
three not so long as two, seven to ten distinctly trans-
verse. Head a little narrower than the thorax, finely
and indistinctly punctured ; thorax nearly as broad as
the elytra, about one-third broader than long, a little
narrowed behind, thickly and finely punctured, with a
shallow, broad, longitudinal channel down the middle.
Elytra about a fourth longer than the thorax, thickly and
finely punctured. Abdomen with segments two to four
finely and not densely punctured, fifth segment sparingly
punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs pale yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is gently rounded, while in
the female it is widely but indistinctly emarginate in the
middle.

. Rare : in the collections of Mr. Waterhouse, Dr. Power,
and Mr. Crotch.

Ol)S. — The small size and stout antennae, parallel and
depressed form, and the apparently immature colouring,
should prevent this species being mistaken for any other
of the genus.

54. Homalota ccesida.

Nigro-fusca, nitidula, elytris antennisque fuscis, pedi-
bus testaceis, subtiliter punctata; thorace subquadrato;
elytris hoc brevioribus; abdomine supra basi obsolete
punctato, apice leevigato. Long. |- lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto, apice
fere truncate.

160 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

H. ccesula, Er, Gen. et Spec. Staph. 97 ; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 328 ; Wat. Cat. Sipalia hrachyptera, Th.
Sk. Col. iii. 105.

The small size and short elytra of this species distin-
guish it from all others. It is pitchy-black, with the
elytra a little paler. The antennaa are pitchy or obscurely
testaceous, a little thickened towards the apex ; joint
three shorter than two, six to ten transverse ; eleventh
joint rather large, nearly twice as long as the tenth.
Head shining, almost impunctate, but little narrower
than the thorax, narrowed towards the front. Thorax
almost wider than the elytra, about a fourth broader than
long, scarcely narrowed behind, very finely and rather
sparingly punctured. Elytra shorter than the thorax,
and rather more distinctly punctured. Abdomen shining,
a little narrowed at the base, segments two to four spar-
ingly and very obsoletely punctured, sixth and seventh
impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is very distinctly prodviced, its apex
truncate, with the angles rounded ; in this sex also there
is sometimes to be seen an indistinct, broad, longitudinal
impression on the thorax.

Very local. At the roots of grass in sandy places.
Deal, Thetford.

Section C.

Group VIII. Co7ivex, or but little depressed species.

(Species 55 — 59) .

The species of this group are all peculiar, and by no
means closely allied. H. circellaris is found everywhere,
among moss, &c. The other species are all so rare that
I can give no sufficient information as to their habits.

55. Homalota circellaris.

Rufescens, abdomine piceo, antennis pedibusque tes-
taceis ; capite ovato, thorace subquadrato, elytris hoc
brevioribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter
crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 fere Isevigatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; elytris basi utrinque prope suturam tuberculatis ;
abdomine segmento 6° supra, medio ante apicem, tuber-

British Species of Homalota. 161

culo elongate elevato, segmento 7° apice medio obsolete
bi tuber culato.

Aleochara circellaris, Grav. Mon. 155; S. cir cellar is,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 98 ; Ejr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 326 ;
Wat. Cat. ; Geostiha circellaris, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 104.

A very abundant and "well-known species. Reddish-
yellow, or reddish-brown, with the abdomen darker.
Antennge yellow, stout, thickened towards the apex; first
joint not much longer, but stouter than the second, three
nearly as long as two, four to ten each distinctly stouter
than its predecessor, four and five each about as long as
broad, six to ten transverse, the tenth strongly so ;
eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding*. Head
rather long and narrow, ovate, a little narrowed towards
the front, narrower than the thorax, almost impunctate.
Thorax but little narrower than the elytra, its length
almost greater than its breadth, very slightly narrowed
behind, the base not truncate, but a little produced in
front of the scutellum, very finely and closely punctured,
Avith a slight impression in front of the scuteUum. Elytra
shorter than the thorax, closely and rather strongly
punctured. Abdomen pitchy, the base and apex paler,
segments two to four finely and moderately thickly punc-
tured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, each elytron is furnished at the base, near
the suture, with a distinct elevation. The upper surface
of the sixth segment of the abdomen is provided, before
the apex in the middle, with a raised linear tubercle, and
the hind margin of the seventh segment is indistinctly
bituberculate in the middle.

Very abundant everywhere.

Ohs. — The narrow form, reddish colour stout antennee,
and short elytra, are characters of themselves sufiicient
to distinguish this anomalous^ but vulgar species, from
all others.

56. Homalota elegantula.

Subdepressa, nitidula, piceo-rufa, capita abdomineque
cingulo piceis, elytris pedibus anoque rufo-testaceis ;
antennis articulis fortiter transversis ; capite thoraceque
parce fortiter punctatis, hoc canaliculato ; elytris aluta-
ceis; abdomine fex'e Isevigato. Long. 1| lin.

162 Dr. Sharp's lievistoii of the

Mas; latet.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali^ apice medio,
late obsolete emarginato.

E. elegantula, Brisout, Cat. Grenier^ Mat. p. 24.

A remarkable and very distinct species ; flat, and mo-
derately broad, of a reddish-yellow colour, with the head
and abdomen more or less pitchy. Antennae reddish-
yellow, stout, much thickened towards the apex; first
joint rather long and stout, second considerably longer
than the third, four to ten short and broad, each one
broader than long, the tenth twice as broad as long ;
eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding to-
gether; they are furnished throughout their length with
rather long projecting hairs. Head rather elongate, with
the sides parallel, narrower than the thorax, pitchy, with
the mandibles and palpi reddish-yellow, distinctly and
strongly, but not closely punctured, with a channel or
impression on the middle of the upper side. Thorax
reddish-yellow, more or less suffused with a darker colour,
about as long as broad, slightly narrowed behind, rather
coarsely and moderately densely pu,nctured, akitaceous
between the punctures, with a distinct central longitudi-
nal channel. Elytra reddish-yellow, fully one-third long-
er than the thorax, alutaceous, but scarcely pvmctured,
with a moderately long and rather sparing pubescence.
Abdomen almost impunctate, but with the segments
sparingly furnished with distinct hairs ; reddish-yellow,
more or less pitchy in the middle. Legs yellow.

I am unable to distinguish satisfactorily the male of
this species : but in one specimen, which I have no
doubt is a female, the ventral plate of the seventh seg-
ment of the abdomen has the hind margin a little emar-
ginato in the middle.

I have seen but three or four specimens of this remark-
able species ; they were taken by Mr. Crotch at Monk's
Wood.

Ohs. — These specimens agree well with Brisout's de-
scription of E. elegantula ; moreover, an example sent
by Mr. Crotch to M. Brisout, was returned with a label,
" elegantula, mihi," attached. Its peculiar colour, broad
antennfe, strongly punctured head and thorax, and
impunctate abdomen, should distinguish it from all
others. Its nearest ally is the following species.

British Sjy-'cies of Ilomalota. 163

57. Homalota rufo-testacca.

Rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque cingulo piceis ;
capite thorace elytrisque alutaceisj obsolete vix evidenter
punctatis; abdomine nitidulo, laevigato. Long. 1^ lin.

H. rufo-testacea, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 245. H. atrica-
pilla, Muls. Opusc. i. 21 {nee Boliem.); Aleuonota atrica-
Ijilla, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 53.

A brightly coloured, rather narrow species, with stout
antennas. These are entirely yellow, thickened towards
the apex; second joint distinctly longer than the third,
four to ten each strongly transverse, and each broader
than its predecessor; eleventh joint nearly as long as the
two preceding ones. Head pitchy, with the mandibles
and palpi yellow, narrow in proportion to its length, nar-
rower than the thorax, its sides nearly parallel, obsoletely
punctured. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, about
as broad as long, slightly narrowed behind, rather dull,
alutaceous, very obsoletely punctured, and with a fine and
not very distinct longitudinal channel. The elytra are
about a third longer than the thorax, alutaceous. The
abdomen is reddish-yellow, the fifth segment and base of
the sixth pitchy, shining and impunctate. Legs yellow.

I am unable to give any characters for the male of this
species ; I have, indeed, seen but one British specimen,
which was taken at Mickleham, by Mr. Champion. Its
narrower and less depressed form, and indistinctly punc-
tured head and thorax, readily distinguish it from H.
elegantula.

58. Homalota sple)idens.

Linearis, sat convexa, nitidula, fere impunctata, picea,
capite nigro, elytris brunneo-testaceis, antennis ano pe-
dibusque testaceis; thorace subquadrato, elytris hoc pau-
lo longioribus. Long. Ij lin.

H. splendens, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 246,

A narrow, shining, delicately pubescent, and almost
impunctate species, with stout entirely yellow antennae.
These are thickened towai'ds the apex, third joint nearly
as long as the second, four a little broader than three,
transverse and very short, four to ten each broader

164 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

than its predecessor, and distinctly transverse, penulti-
mate joints strongly transverse; eleventh joint large, as
long as the two preceding. Mandibles and palpi yellow.
Head black and shining, narrower than the thorax, rather
long in proportion to its width, moderately convex above,
without impression, impunctate, but with a slight pubes-
cence. Thorax quadrate, not quite so long as broad, the
sides nearly straight, scarcely perceptibly narrowed be-
hind, of a pitchy colour, almost impunctate, and with a
delicate pubescence. Elytra about a fourth longer than
the thorax, yellowish or brownish in colour, not entirely
impunctate, but with the sculpture scarcely visible, pubes-
cence sparing. Abdomen pitchy in the middle, paler at
the apex, and with the fifth and sixth segments rather
darker than the preceding ones, shining and impunctate.

The three specimens of this species I have seen, are,
I think, all females ; they have the posterior margins of
the upper and under plates of the seventh abdominal seg-
ment gently rounded.

Very rare. I have captured a specimen in the chalk-
pit at Charlton, in May, and it is also in Mr. Crotch's
collection. These specimens accord with an example of
H. splendens sent by Kraatz to the British Museum.

59. Homalota cegra.

Nitidula, subtilissime pubescens, vix visibiliter punc-
tata, picea, capite abdomineque nigro-piceis, pedibus
piceo-testaceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato, elytris
hoc longioribus. Long, vix 1 lin.

n. cegra, Heer, Faun. Col. Helv. 595 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 249 ; Wat. Cat.

A small, dark-coloured, shining, almost impunctate
species, with delicate but distinct pubescence. Antennae
pitchy in colour, moderately stout, a little thickened to-
wards the apex; joint three not so long as two, four
about as long as broad, five to ten transverse, the first of
them slightly so, the last of them distinctly; eleventh
joint rather short and broad, not quite so long as the two
preceding together. Head black, with the mandibles and
palpi pitchy, a little narrower than the thorax, shining,
impunctate, and with a delicate pubescence. Thorax a
little narrower than the elytra, one-third broader than

British Species of Horaalota. 165

loBg, but slightly narrowed behind, impunctate, and with
a delicate pubescence. The elytra are about a third long-
er than the thorax, very obsoletely punctured. Abdo-
men pitchy-black, shining, almost impunctate, but with a
distinct pubescence. Legs dirty yellow.

In the male, the upper and under plates of the seventh
segment of the abdomen are narrower than in the female,
and the under one is a little more produced.

This species is rare, but I have found single specimens
in several localities. Brighton, Cambridge, Edinburgh,
London.

Obs. — This species is readily distinguished from H.
splendens by its smaller size, darker colour, slenderer an-
tennae, &c. ; on account of its almost impunctate surface
it is readily distinguished from most others of the genus,
H. atomaria resembles it in this respect, but, to say no-
thing of other characters, is easily separated by its smaller
size. H. luctuosa, Muls., is extremely closely allied to H.
cegra, but I have not as yet seen a British example of it.

Group IX. Very flat species.

(Species 60 — 63).

The three species with whose habits I am acquainted
are all found under bark. H. cribriceps is a most remark-
able insect, about which I can give no information ; its
colour is different from that of the other species, and
gives it some resemblance to H. boletobia.

60. Homalota immersa.

Depressa, nigra, antennarum basi tibiisque testaceis,
femoribus piceis; capite transverse, postice truncate;
thorace subquadrato, basin versus angustato ; abdomine
supra parce obsolete punctate. Long, -i lin.

H. immersa, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 324; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 96; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 252; Wat. Cat. Dado-
bia planicollis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 287.

A very depressed species, readily known by the pecu-
liar shape of its head. Antennae pitchy, with the first and
second joints yellow, but little thickened towards the
apex; joint one longer than two, three shorter and more
slender than two, scarcely half as long as the first, four to

166 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

ten differing but little in length and breadth^ the first
three or four of them each about as long as broad^ the
remainder slightly transverse; eleventh joint oblong,
rather long, twice as long as the tenth. Head broad,
about as broad as the thorax, straight behind, the poster-
ior angles nearly right angles, flat, and dullish above,
punctuation indistinct and sparing. Thorax as long as
broad, narrower than the elytra, evidently narrowed be-
hind, flat above, sometimes even with the disc depressed,
rather dull, obsoletely and sparingly punctured. Elytra
a third longer than the thorax, longer than broad, indis-
tinctly and not densely punctured, the punctuation more
evident than on the head and thorax. Abdomen black,
a little narrowed at the base, punctuation sparing, and
scarcely visible. Thighs pitchy ; tibiee and tarsi testaceous.

I am unable satisfactorily to distinguish tlie males from
the females of this species.

Rather common in the North under the bark of fir trees ;
more rare in the South.

Ohs. — A specimen of H. imTnersa sent by Kraatz to the
British Museum is undoubtedly identical specifically with
our British ones; according to descriptions, however,
our specimens appear to be darker than Continental ones.

61. Homalota crihr

iceps.

Lata, subdepressa, nitidula, nigro-picea, antennarum
basi pedibusque testaceis, elytris luteis, angulis apicis
infuscatis ; capite postice crebre fortiter punctate ; tho-
race transverse, lateribus rotundatis, basin versus angus-
tato, crebre fortiter punctate, medio que late impresso ;
abdomine supra basi sat crebre, apice parce, punctate.
Long. 1^ lin.

A most remarkable species, to be compared with no
other ; allied by the form of its head to H. plana ; broad,
flat, and shining, pitchy-black, with the base of the an-
tennae, the legs, and the elytra, except the apical angles,
yellow. The antennjB are yellow at the base, infuscate
outwards, rather short, stout, thickened towards the
apex ; third joint quite as long as the second, fourth
nearly quadrate, much narrower than the fifth, fifth to
tenth strongly transverse ; eleventh joint stovit, as long'
as the two preceding. Head nearly black, shining, nar-

British Species of Homalota. 167

rowed behind the eyes, which are very hirge and promi-
nent, very coarsely and closely punctured, but with a
smooth impunctate space in the front. Thorax nearly as
broad as the elytra, more than half as broad again as long,
pitchy-black, almost without pubescence, the sides much
rounded and considerably narrowed behind, the posterior
angles a little prominent, tho base not truncate, but pro-
duced in front of the scutellum, coarsely and closely
punctured, especially on the disc, where there is also a
broad distinct impression. Elytra pale testaceous, pitchy
at the external angles, one-third longer than the thorax,
indistinctly punctured. The abdomen is pitchy, paler
at the extremity, with very scanty pubescence ; the basal
segments moderately closely, the apical ones sparingly
punctured. Legs yellow. Tarsi formed as in H. ijlcma,
but rather longer.

A single specimen (a female, I believe) of this very
remarkable species has been submitted to me by Mr.
Waterhouse, without any indication of locality. I could
well believe it to be an exotic species. From the struc-
ture of its antennae it might be placed in the neighbour-
hood of H. suhterranea, but as it is allied to none of the
species of that group, and as the shape and punctu.ation
of its head show a distinct affinity with H. plana, I have
preferred placing it next that species.

62. Homalota plana.

Depressa, subopaca, nigra, elytris fuscis, antennis
femoribusqu.e piceis, tibiis testaceis ; capite confertim
distincte hand profunde punctate ; thorace transversim
subquadrato, basin versus leviter angustato ; abdomiue
supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,
5 et 6 fere Isevigatis. Long. Ij lin.

Mas ; abdomine segraento 6° medio ante apicem
tuberculo parvo, 7° lineis elevatis duabus instructo.

Aleochara plana, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 402. H. pilana,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 93 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 250 ;
Th. Sk. Col. ii. 285 ; Wat. Cat.

A flat, broad, and dull species. Antennae not quite
so long as the head and thorax, rather stout, pitchy ; first
joint about as long as the second and third together, three
nearly as long as two, four small, about as long as

168 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

broad, five considerably broader than four, five to ten
transverse ; eleventh joint rather short. Head large, but
little narrower than the thorax, a little rounded behind
the eyes, which are large and rather prominent, dull,
closely and distinctly though not deeply punctured.
Thorax a little narrower than the elyti-a, about a fourth
broader than long, a little narrowed in front, and slightly
more so towards the base, with an indistinct longitudinal
channel along the middle, dull, obsoletely but closely
punctured. Elytra of a lurid brownish colour, fully one-
third longer than the thorax, densely but extremely finely
punctured. Abdomen black (sometimes with the ex-
tremity pale), segments two and three finely and not
densely punctured, four rather more sparingly punctured,
five and six almost impunctate. Thighs pitchy, tibias and
tarsi testaceous.

In the male, the sixth segment of the abdomen is fur-
nished, on the upper side in the middle, before the pos-
terior margin, with a small raised tubercle ; the seventh
segment has two raised longitudinal lines on its surface,
the space between which is rather depressed, especially
just before the hind margin, and the lines project a little
beyond the margin in the form of two small indistinct
teeth.

Rather common in England, under the bark of dead
elm trees.

Ohs. — This species may be distinguished from all
others by its distinctly and thickly punctured head,
taken in conjunction with its flat broad form, and dull
appearance.

In Thomson's arrangement, the genus Homalota is re-
duced to this one sjaecies.

63. Homalota cuspid ata.

Augusta, parallela, depressa, picea, pedibus testaceis ;
thorace subquadrato ; abdomine segmento 7° apice in
utroque sexu acute mucronato. Long. | lin.

Mas ; abdomine supra segmentis 3-5 utrinque tubercu-
lo armatis.

H. cuspidata, Er. Gen, et Spec. Staph. 96; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 253; Wat. Cat.; Thectura cusjjidata, Th.
Sk. Col. ii. 286.

British Species of Homalota. 169

A smallj narrow^ flat, and parallel species, distinguish-
ed from all others by the long sharp spine, projecting
backwards from the middle of the extremity of the upper
plate of the seventh abdominal segment. Antennee short,
thickened towards the apex, joints four to ten each dis-
tinctly transverse. Head about as broad as the thorax,
quadrate, flat, with the sides parallel, closely and dis-
tinctly punctured. Thorax a little narrower than the
elytra, about one-fourth broader than long ; its sides
nearly straight, finely and pretty densely punctured, with
an indistinct longitudinal channel. Elytra about half as
long again as the thorax, finely and pretty densely punc-
tured. Abdomen with the basal segments finely and not
densely punctured, the apical segments impunctate, the
sixth with an ill-defined broad transverse impression,
the apex of the seventh furnished in the middle with a
long spine projecting backwards, and on each side with a
smaller, easily overlooked, sharp spine. Legs yellow,
the tarsi short.

In the male, the third, fourth, and fifth segments of
the abdomen have each on the upper side a pair of tuber-
cles, and the spines at the extremity of the seventh seg-
ment are larger and more distinct than in the female.

Not uncommon in England, under the bark of decay-
ing oak trees.

Section D.

Group X. The sixth segment of the abdomen ])uncturecl
sparingly, or not at all j antennce moderately long, not stout.

(Species 64—67) .

The short thorax of the species of this group prevents
their being arranged with H. elongatida, while the struc-
ture of their antennae (thinner, and with a well developed
fourth joint) separates them from JJ. y^wf/ico/a. The four
species are all found amongst moss, and are apparently
gregarious.

64. Homalota eremita.

Piceo-nigra, antennis pedibusque obscure testaceis,
subtiliter sat crebre punctata ; antennis sat elongatis.

170 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

apicem versus vis incrassatis; thorace transverso, basi
impresso, plus minusve distincte canaliculato ; elytris tho-
racis longitudinis ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 evidenter
sat crebre punctatis, 5° parcius punctate. Long, l^-lf
lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali producto^ apicem
versus angustato.

H. eremita, Rye, Ent. Month. Mag. iii. 123 (1866) .
Var. — Capite canaliculato.

An anomalous species, very difficult to place satisfac-
torily ; allied as it is at the same time to such different
species as elongatida, fungi, and gemina ; it is also a
variable species in size, colour, and the channelling of
the head and thorax. Pitchy-black, with the elytra
slightly paler, the antennae and legs obscurely testa-
ceous. Antennse moderately long, very little thickened
towards the apex ; first joint rather stout, two and three
moderately long, three longer than two, but not quite so
long as the first joint, four to ten differing but little from
one another, four slender and longer than broad, ten
about as long as broad; eleventh joint rather long, nearly
as long as the two pi'eceding. Head rather broad and
short, but considerably narrower than the thorax, a little
broader behind the eyes, which are small and not pro-
minent, finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax as
broad as, or even broader than, the elytra, about half as
broad again as long, the sides a little rounded in front,
scarcely narrowed behind, in the middle in front of the
base with an impression, which is generally continued
forwards as a longitudinal channel, very finely but not
very densely punctured. Elytra about as long as the
thorax, finely and pretty densely punctured, the punc-
tuation more distinct than on the thorax. Abdomen
black, shining towards the apex, and furnished there
with numerous and pretty distinct hairs, segments two
to four finely but distinctly and not closely punctured,
fifth segment sparingly punctured, sixth almost impunc-
tate. Legs dirty testaceous, thighs darker than the
tibise, posterior tarsi rather long and slender.

In the male, the head and thorax are generally more
distinctly channelled than in the female; the third joint
of the antenna3 is a little stouter; and the under plate of
the seventh abdominal segment is considerably pro-
duced, and narrowed towards the apex.

British Species of Homalota. 171

Common in moss in the hilly districts of Scotland.

Ohs. — As H. Auhei is in some respects intermediate be-
tween eremita and gemina, I have associated the three
species together in the present position, as being, per-
haps, the one least open to objection for them. The
transverse and broad thorax separates H. eremita from
the elongatula group; the stouter and more developed
antennae, the flatter and more parallel form, from H. fungi.

65. Homalota Auhei.

Nigro-fusca, antennarum basi pedibusque sordide tes-
taceis; capite canaliculate, thorace multo minore; hoc
transverse, canaliculate ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-5
confertim subtiliter punctatis, 6° parce punctate. Long,
li lin.

H. Auhei, Brisout, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 389.

A good deal like H. gemina, but twice the size, and with
the thorax channelled, and the fifth segment of the ab-
domen punctured. Also much like some of the varieties
of H. volans, but with shorter and broader thorax, and
more closely punctured abdomen. Antennae longer than
the head and thorax, slightly thickened towards the apex,
of a pitchy colour, with the two or three basal joints paler ;
two and three of nearly equal length, four to ten differ-
ing but little in length, four rather slender, longer than
broad, five to nine also each longer than broad, ten about
as long as broad ; eleventh joint half as long again as the
tenth. Head much smaller than the thorax, round, a
little wider behind the eyes, finely and indistinctly punc-
tured, with a distinct longitudinal channel, sometimes
short and sometimes longer (the male probably); man-
dibles and palpi pitchy. The thorax is but little narrow-
er than the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long, the
sides gently rounded, almost more narrowed in front than
behind, at the base in the middle with an obscure im-
pression, from which proceeds a central longitudinal
channel, fine and not very distinct; closely and finely
punctured. Elytra about one-third or fourth longer than
the thorax, closely and finely punctured. Abdomen with
segments two three and four finely and densely punc-
tured, fifth segment rather more sparingly punctured,
sixth very sparingly punctured. Legs dirty testaceous.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — -PAKT II. (mAY).

172 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

I am not able to point out satisfactory abdominal
characters to separate the male from the female, but the
male appears to have the front of the head flattened, and
the longitudinal channel extending quite to the back.

Eare. I have found the species at Horning in Norfolk,
and there are specimens in Mr. Crotch's collection, pro-
bably from the same locality. It has also been found by
Mr. Hislop in Scotland.

Ohs. — I am much indebted to M. Ch. Brisout de Barne-
ville for an opportunity of examining his types of H. Au-
hei; they agree with my British examples : and I consider
the species is best placed near H. gemina, to which it is
more allied in structure than to any other of the genus.

QQ. Homalota gemina.

Nigro-fusca, antennis piceis, basi pedibusque fusco-
testaceis; antennis sat elongatis, apicem versus vix in-
crassatis ; capite thorace evidenter angustiore; hoc trans-
verso, basi indistincte impresso ; elytris thorace longiori-
bus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre
punctatis, 5 et 6 parce punctatis. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; capite evidenter canaliculato, abdomine segmento
7° ventrali producto.

H. gemina, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 330 ; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
112; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 255; Wat. Cat.

Antennae fusco-testaceous, with the basal joint lighter;
moderately long and stout, but little thickened towards
the apex; joints two and three of about equal length,
four to ten differing but little in length, and each one
only slightly broader than its predecessor, four longer
than broad, ten not quite so long- as broad ; eleventh
joint rather long, oblong-ovate, nearly as long as the two
preceding joints together. Head considerably smaller
than the thorax, round, slightly broader behind the eyes,
finely and indistinctly punctured ; in the male, with a fine
channel in the middle, reaching nearly to the back part,
in the female with a very short and indistinct channel.
Thorax transverse, nearly half as broad again as long, but
little narrower than the elytra ; the sides gently rounded,
the base as wide as the apex, thickly and very finely
punctured, and in front of the scutellum with an obsolete
double impression. Elytra about a third longer than the

British Species of Homalota, 173

thorax, punctured closely and finely, but more distinctly
than the thorax. Abdomen with segments two to four
finely but distinctly and moderately closely punctured,
five and six very sparingly punctured, apex indistinctly
paler. Legs fusco-testaceous.

In the male, the channel on the head is longer and
more distinct than in the female, and the abdomen has
the seventh segment underneath more produced and
narrower than in the female.

This species appears to be not common ; I have found
it only at Hammersmith Marshes, and in a marshy place
near Thornhill.

Ohs. — Compared with typical H. analis, H. gemina is
larger and darker coloured, with longer and stouter an-
tennae, differently shaped head, and more sparingly punc-
tured abdomen. Two specimens of H. gemina sent by
Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my British ones.

67. Homalota curtipennis.

Nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque fuscis, illarum basi
pedibusque obscure testaceis ; capite thorace evidenter
angustiore, antice angustato ; thorace transverse, basi
plus minusve impresso ; elytris hoc nonnihil longioribus ;
abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° par-
cius punctate, 6° fere laevigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; fronte plana, capite subtiliter canaliculate, ab-
domine segmento 7° ventrali paulo elongato.

Fern. ; fronte convexiuscula.

Atheta hreviceps, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 273 (forte) .

Allied to H. gemina, but with shorter antennse and
elytra. The antennae are quite as long as the head and
thorax, obscure testaceous, paler at the base, moderately
stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex ; joint three
not quite so long as two, four to ten differing but little
in length, but each a little broader than its predecessor,
four to six each about as long as broad, seven to ten
broader than long; eleventh joint moderately long, nearly
twice as long as its predecessor. Head distinctly nar-
rower than the thorax, considerably broader behind the
eyes, and narrow in front, finely and indistinctly punc-
tured, flat above and indistinctly channelled in the male,

o 2

174 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

in the female convex. Thorax about as broad as the
elytra, transverse, half as broad again as long, the sides
but little rounded, the base about as wide as the apex,
closely and very finely punctured ; sometimes in the
middle before the base with a broad shallow impression,
sometimes not impressed. The elytra are scarcely longer
than the thorax, generally a little lighter in colour than
it, finely and densely punctured. Abdomen black, a
little paler at the apex, segments two to four finely but
distinctly and moderately densely punctured, fifth seg-
ment sparingly punctured, sixth almost impunctate.
Legs dirty testaceous.

In the male, the upper surface of the head is flatter
than in the female, and channelled; the abdomen has
the seventh segment underneath a little longer and
narrower.

I have found this species only in Scotland. At Ran-
noch, on the Pentlands, and near Thornhill. I have not
seen any other specimens, except some taken by Mr.
Crotch, at Rannoch.

Ohs. — H. curtipennis can be confounded only with H.
gemina, but its shorter and stouter antennae, and shorter
elytra readily distinguish it. Thomson's H. hreviceps
may prove identical with it, though I cannot satisfy
myself of this from description.

Group XI. The sixth segment of the abdomen closely
punctured; antenncs not very stout. (Species 68 — 73).

The following species constitute a natural group, with
the exception of H. vilis, which, although always asso-
ciated with H. analis, would, perhaps, be better placed
in Group III. The species are found amongst moss, and
in damp places.

68. Homalota vilis.

Linearis, nigro-fusca, antennis elytrisque fuscis, pedi-
bus testaceis ; thorace leviter transverse ; abdomine supra
to to confertim subtiliter punctate. Long, vix 1 lin.

Mas; capite medio impresso, abdomine segmento 7°
ventrali paulo elongate.

H. vilis, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 325; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
97 ; Kr. Ins. Dentsch. ii. 257 ; Wat. Cat.

British 8;pecies of Somalota. 175

Much smaller tlian H. gemina, and with, the abdomen
throughout thickly and finely punctured. Rather narrow
and elongate. The antennee are longer than the head and
thorax, obscurely testaceous, with the first joint a little
paler, but slightly thickened towards the apex; third joint
not so long as the second, four to ten differ but little either
in length or breadth, the tenth about as long as broad;
eleventh joint oblong-ovate, nearly as long as the two
preceding. Head a little narrower than the thorax,
not narrowed towards the front, very finely and indis-
tinctly punctured; in the male with an indistinct impres-
sion. The thorax is nearly as broad as the elytra, about
one-third broader than long, nearly straight at the sides,
very finely and closely punctured. The elytra are a
little paler ia colour than the head and thorax, about
one-third longer than the latter, closely and finely punc-
tured. The abdomen is throughout closely and very
finely punctured, paler towards the apex. The legs are
yellowish.

In the male, the head is obscurely impressed, and the
seventh abdominal segment a little produced under-
neath.

I have seen only two British specimens of this species ;
one in Mr. Waterhouse's collection, and one in my own.
I captured this specimen in a marshy place near
Eltham.

Ohs. — H. vilis can readily be distinguished from H.
analis by its longer antennee, less thickened towards the
apex ; by its head not broader behind the eyes, as well
as by a different facies. With other species it is not
very likely to be confounded. Specimens of H. vilis
sent by Kraatz to the British Museum agree with my
example mentioned above.

69. Somalota analis.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedi-
busque testaceis ; capite subtriangulari ; thorace basi
foveolato ; abdomine supra confertim subtiliter punctate,
segmento 7° apice medio in utroque sexu triangulariter
emarginato. Long. 1 lin.

Yar. — Major, colore obscuriore, antennis longioribus,
thorace magis transverse.

Var. — Thorace elytrisque rufis.

176 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Aleochara analis, Grav. Micr. 76 ; H. analis, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 114; Kr. Ins. Deutsh. ii. 256; Wat.
Cat.; An hi scha analis, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 293.

A very abundant and variable species, with thickly
punctured abdomen, and peculiarly shaped head. The
antenna are rather short, a little thickened towards the
apex ; joint three shorter and more slender than two,
four much shorter than three, about as broad as long',
from this to the tenth the joints differ but little in length,
but each one is a little broader than its predecessor, from
the sixth onwards each broader than long; eleventh
joint -rather large, a little broader than the tenth. The
head is a little narrower than the thorax, considerably
widened behind the eyes, so as to make it somewhat
triangular, the upper surface moderately convex, very
finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is but
little narrower than the elytra, one-third broader than
long, the sides but little rounded, and scarcely narrowed
behind, very finely punctured, and with a fovea in front
of the scutellum, sometimes with an indistinct central
longitudinal channel. The elytra are a little longer than
the thorax, finely and closely punctured. Abdomen more
or less pale towards the apex, closely and finely punc-
tured throughout, and the seventh segment has the
posterior margin triangularly eraarginate in the middle.
Legs yellowish.

Varies much in colour ; sometimes the thorax and ely-
tra are bright reddish-brown, while at other times the
general colour is blackish, with the legs and antennae
pitchy.

A large dark variety occurs, which is often confounded
in collections with H. soror; this, besides its colour and
size, differs from ordinary H. analis, by having the joints
of the antennge longer, the thorax broader, flatter, and
more transverse, the elytra longer, and not narrowed at
the shoulders, and the emargination of the seventh ab-
dominal segment larger. It may possibly prove to be a
distinct species, but all the characters mentioned above
vary, and after the examination of several hundreds of
specimens, I find myself unable to draw any satisfactory
line of separation. This large form appears to be com-
moner in the North than in the South.

It is extremely difficult to separate the sexes of IT. a^ialis.
Kraatz says that a larger triangular notch of the seventh

British Species of Ilomalota. 177

segment of the abdomen is indicative of the male ; this
notch certainly varies in size in different individuals, but
I am unable to satisfy myself that the difference is
sexual.

H. analis is extremely abundant in all sorts of situa-
tions all over the country.

70. Ilomalota cavifrons.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedi-
busque testaceis; capite subtriangulari ; thorace basi
foveolato; elytris thoracis longitudinis ; abdomine supra
confertim subtiliter punctate, segmento 7° apice medio
in utroque sexu triangulariter emarginato. Long, vix
1 lin.

Mas; capite medio late impresso, abdomine segmento
7° ventrali elongate.

This species so greatly resembles the small forms of
H. analis, that it will be sufficient to point out the cha-
racters distinguishing it from that species. These are
almost entirely sexual. The upper surface of the head
of the male of this species is broadly and very distinctly
impressed, whereas it is convex in all specimens of H.
analis; also in this sex of H. cavifrons, the ventral plate
of the seventh abdominal segment is considerably pro-
duced (as in H. soror) , and the hind margin is furnished
in the middle with a bunch of five or six distinct black
hairs. In the female of H. cavifrons, the notch of the
seventh segment is broader and deeper than in specimens
of H. analis of the same size ; and in both sexes the
elytra are shorter, being only of the length of the
thorax.

I have found this species only in the hilly districts of
Scotland, in the neighbourhood of Edinburgh, and near
Thornhiil.

71. Homalota simillima.

Picea, antennis ano pedibusque testaceis ; capite sub-
triangulari; thorace basi obsolete foveolato; elytris hoc
paulo longioribus; abdomine supra undique confertim
subtiliter punctato, segmento 7° apice medio in utroque
sexu emarginato. Long, vix 1 lin.

178 Dr. Sharp's Bevislon of the

Mas; capite impresso, abdomine segmento 7° ven-
trali elong-ato.

Very like E. analis, and equal in size to the small in-
dividuals of it, but of more parallel and flatter form,
more unicolorous, and even more finely and densely
punctured, so as to be less shining; the thorax is
flatter and more transverse, and less distinctly foveolate
at the base.

The male is readily distinguished from the female;
it has the upper surface of the head deeply impressed,
and its abdomen has the seventh ventral segment dis-
tinctly produced, and the apex furnished in the middle
with five or six distinct black hairs.

Also closely allied to H. cavifrons, and possessing
similar sexual characters, but more unicolorous, more
parallel in form, more densely and finely punctured,
with flatter and more transverse thorax, and with the
elytra longer than the thorax, and not narrowed at the
shoulders.

I have found this species only on the banks of the
Nith, and its tributary Cairn Water, under stones, in
company with Scopcens Erichsoni.

72. HomaJota soror.

Nigra, antennis fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; capite
subtriangulari ; thorace basi foveolato; abdomine supra
undique dense subtiliter punctate. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio pro-
funde exciso, ventrali elongate.

H. soror, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 257; Wat. Cat.

Extremely like the large dark form of H. analis, and
distinguished from such only by its more densely and
distinctly punctured abdomen (especially notable towards
the apex), and its difl'erent sexual characters; the male
has the head more or less distinctly channelled; the
seventh segment of the abdomen has a much deeper and
more distinct notch than has H. analis; this notch, too,
is of a difierent shape, and commences on each side much
nearer the outside angle of the plate ; the ventral plate
of the same segment is distinctly produced, and its hind

British Species of llomalota. 179

margin furnished in the middle with five or six distinct
black hairs.

Apparently very local, and found hitherto only in the
neighhourhood of London, Hammersmith, Barnes, &c.

Olis. — Kraatz says the abdomen is much more finely
punctured than in S. analis. I find, however, the con-
trary to be the case. It is possible that Kraatz may
have included the following very closely allied species
with H. soror; this, at least, would account for the dis-
crepancy in question.

73. Homalota decijjiens.

Nigra, thorace elytrisque piceis, antennis ano pedibus-
que testaceis ; capite subtriangulari ; thorace basi foveo-
lato; abdomine supra undique dense subtiliter punctate.
Long. 1 lin.

Very closely allied to H. soror, and difiering from it
only by the more finely punctured abdomen, with difier-
ently formed seventh segment, and by having the legs,
antennae, and extremity of the abdomen of a clearer yel-
low colour. It is also, on the average, slightly smaller
than H. soror.

The male of this species is only to be distinguished
from the female by the under plate of the seventh seg-
ment of the abdomen being slightly narrower and more
elongate than in the female. In neither sex has the
posterior margin of the upper plate of this segment any
triangular notch ; the posterior margin is not, however,
completely rounded, but is slightly and indistinctly emar-
ginate.

Not common, though I have found it in several locali-
ties in the South. Chatham, Weymouth, Southend,
Hammersmith, Charlton. I have also seen it in Mr.
Crotch's collection.

Obs. — This species is closely allied to H. analis, and is
probably confounded with it. It has, however, rather
longer elytra, more densely punctured abdomen, which
is on this account less shining, and the seventh segment
is without the characteristic notch always found in H.
analis.

180 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

Group XII. The sixth segment of the abdomen not punc-
tured; antennce stout or very stout. (Species 74 — 78).

The very small species forming this group are found
amongst moss and leaves, with the exception of H. paral-
lela, which is quite confined to the nests of Formica rufa;
this species has thinner antennae than the otherSj and a
difi'erent facies.

74. Homalota exilis.

Parallela, fusca, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis,
obsolete punctata, tenuissime pubescens ; antennis eras-
sis ; thorace leviter transverse ; elytris hoc paulo longior-
ibus; abdomine confertim obsoletissime (apicem versus
vix visibiliter) punctate. Long. ^ lin.

H. exilis, Er. Kilf. Brand, i. 333; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
115; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 260; Wat. Cat.; Aleuonota
exilis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 54.

Var. — Minor, angustior, colore obscuriore, antennis
paulo brevioribus.

A remarkable little species, of a pale colour, with short
thick antennas, and extremely fine, scarcely visible punc-
tuation and pubescence. Antennae testaceous, not quite
so long as the head and thorax, stout, thickened towards
the apex ; third joint triangular, not nearly so long as the
second, fourth joint small, broader than long, from this
to the tenth the antennee are considerably thickened,
with each joint very transverse ; the penultimate joint
more than twice as broad as long ; eleventh joint broad,
double the length of the tenth. Head large, scarcely
narrower than the thorax, a little widened behind the
eyes, which are small and not at all prominent ; very ob-
soletely punctured, and sometimes with an indistinct long-
itudinal channel. The thorax is about as wide as the
elytra, about one-third broader than long, the sides nearly
straight, a little narrowed behind, very finely punctured
and pubescent. The elytra are a little longer than the
thorax, and rather more distinctly (yet extremely finely)
punctured. The abdomen is yellow at the extremity, the
middle segments are pitchy, the basal segments sometimes
pitchy, sometimes yellow; its punctuation is pretty dense,
but extremely fine, and is, towards the apex, scarcely
visible. The legs are yellow.

British Species of Homalota. 181

I am not able to point out characters to distinguish the
sexes.

Local, but sometimes found in great abundance, espe-
cially in early spring. Wimbledon, Edinburgh, &c.

Obs. — A small form of this species occurs, which be-
sides its smaUer size, is narrower, and of a more obscure
colour, with rather shorter antennse, and less transverse
thorax ; a specimen of it sent to Kraatz for examination,
some years back, was returned by him as a distinct species,
and it is possible it may prove to be so. I have found
it in very great abundance on Wimbledon Common, un-
accompanied by any of the larger typical form, which
indeed appears to be very rare near London.

75. Homalota pallens.

Testacea, abdomine ante apicem paulo obscuriore, ten-
uissime pubescens, obsoletissime punctata. Long. | lin.

H. pallens, Eedt. Faun. Austr, (ed. i), 662; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 261.

Extremely like H. exilis, but smaller than even the
smallest variety of it, and of a uniform pale testaceous
colour; the fourth and fifth segments of the abdomen
being sometimes a little darker ; the punctuation and pu-
bescence are even finer and more delicate than in H. exi-
lis, and the elytra are a little shorter than is generally
the case in that species.

Rare. Hitherto only found under stones, in rather
muddy places, on the banks of the Nith and Avon, in
Scotland.

76. Homalota^ palleola.

Testacea, capite elytrisque fusco-testaceis, abdomine
ante apicem piceo, nitidula, subtilissime punctata, tenuis-
sime pubescens ; abdomine basi parce obsolete punctate,
apice Igevigato. Long. | lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato.

E. palleola, Er, Kaf. Brand, i. 333 ; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
115; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 259; Wat. Cat.

A very small, shining, prettily coloured species. Yel-
lowish, with the head and elytra more or less distinctly
darker, and the abdomen before the apex pitchy. The
antennae are stout, thickened towards the apex, third

182 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

joint considerably more slender and rather shorter than
the second, four not quite so long as broad, five to ten
each perceptibly broader than it predecessor, and strong-
ly transverse; eleventh joint large, twice as long as the
tenth. Head smaller than the thorax, the eyes a little
prominent, its punctuation and pubescence almost imper-
ceptible, the upper side with a very small fovea in the
middle. The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra,
about half as broad again as long, punctuation and pubes-
cence extremely fine and indistinct. The elytra are fully
half as long again as the thorax, very finely punctured
and pubescent, but rather more distinctly so than the
thorax. Abdomen with the penultimate segments pitchy,
the base and apex yellow, the basal segments very obso-
letely punctured, the apical ones smooth. Legs yellow.

In the male, the apex of the seventh segment above is
truncate.

Rare, and hitherto, I believe, found only near Reigate.

Ohs. — A specimen of H. palleola sent by Kraatz to the
British Museum agrees with my English specimens.

77. Homalota validiuscida.

Nigra, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis, thorace
elytrisque rufo-testaceis ; capite coleopteris angustiore;
thorace transversim subquadrato, basi canaliculato ; ab-
domine basi obsolete punctate, apice levigate. Long, f
Hn.

H. validiuscula, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 261.

Allied to H. palleola, but a little larger, not so depres-
sed or parallel, with the abdomen darker in colour, the
head rounder and narrower in proportion to the elytra,
and the anterior parts of the body more distinctly punc-
tured and pubescent. Antennae stout, thickened towards
the apex, pale at the base, pitchy outwards; joint three
rather shorter than two, narrowed at the base, four to ten
each distinctly broader than its predecessor, four slightly
transverse, the following ones gradually more strongly so,
tenth joint about twice as broad as the fourth; eleventh
joint rather large, twice as long as the tenth. Head
smaller than the thorax, round, black and shining ; very
finely and indistinctly punctured, with a short fine pubes-
cence, the upper surface with a small fovea in the male,
convex in the female. Thorax narrower than the elytra,
a third or fourth broader than long, finely but distinctly

British Species of Honialota. 183'

punctured and pubescent, with a short, indistinct, central
longitudinal channel behind. Elytra a little longer than
the thorax, punctuation and pubescence distinct but fine.
Abdomen black, with the apex paler, the basal segments
very finely and indistinctly punctured, the apical ones
smooth. Legs yellow.

The male has a small fovea on the middle of the head,
and the seventh segment of the abdomen has the ventral
plate rather longer and narrower, and its apex more
rounded, than in the female.

On one occasion, I found this species in numbers on
the Braid Hills, Edinburgh, in a ditch among dead leaves
early in the spring. I have not seen any other British
specimens.

Obs. — I have not seen a specimen of H. validiuscula
named by Kraatz ; though there are several discrepancies
when compared with his description, I think the species
above described will prove to be identical with Kraatz's.
Its less parallel form, differently shaped head, and more
distinct punctuation and pubescence, readily distinguish
it from H. exilis.

78. Homalota parallela.

Nigra, antennis pedibus anoque testaceis, elytris
brunneis, confertim subtiliter punctata, tenuiter pubes-
cens ; thorace transverse, elytris hoc paulo longioribus ;
abdomine basi parce subtiliter punctate, apice Isevigato.
Long, vix I lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine
posteriore magis rotundato.

Bolitochara parallela, Man. Bull. Mosc. 1844, p. 173
{teste Kraatz); H. parallela, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 262;
Wat. Cat.; Amidohia parallela, Th. Sk. Col. ii. 295.

Likely to be confounded only with H. analis, but
smaller than the smallest specimens of that species, and
readily distinguished by its differently shaped head, and
impunctate and shining extremity of the alDdomen. The
antennse are yellowish, rather stout, a little thickened
towards the apex; joint two longer than three, four
nearly quadrate, five to ten transverse ; eleventh not so
long as the two preceding together. Thorax a little
narrower than the elytra, about a third broader than

184 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

long, with a scarcely visible fovea in front of the base in
the middle, very finely punctured. The elytra are a little
longer than the thorax, thickly and finely punctured.
The abdomen is black and shining, yellowish at the ex-
tremity, the basal segments finely and indistinctly punc-
tured, but with the pubescence pretty distinct, apical
segments impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh segment of the abdomen has
the hind margin of both the upper and under plates
rather more produced and rounded than in the female.

Abundant in the large ants' nests at Rannoch. I am
not aware of its occurrence elsewhere in the country.

Section E.

Group XIII. Large species, ivitk the thorax strongly
punctured; penultimate joints of the antennoe transverse.

(Species 79—81) .

H. hrunnea is our only British representative of four
or five allied European species, and it is only in order to
facilitate reference, that I have associated it with H.
hepatica, which has a totally different facies. H. hrunnea
is a common species amongst moss, &c. H. hepatica I
have never found, and H. exarata occurs very rarely in
nests of Formica fuliginosa.

79. Homalota hmnnea.

Depressa, nitidula, testacea, capite, an tennis extrorsum,
abdominisque segmentis plus minusve nigro-piceis ; capite
thoraceque sat fortiter hand crebre punctatis ; abdomine
supra segmentis 2-4 crebre evidentius punctatis, 5°
parcius punctate, 6° fere laevigato. Long. 14-2^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 6° dorsali medio ante
apicem tuberculo elevate, 7° apice dentibus 4 instructo.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poster-
. iore medio obsolete emarginato.

8taphylinus hrunneus, Fab. Ent. Syst. Suppl. 180; H.
hrunnea, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 98; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 265 ; Wat. Cat. ; Flatarcea hrunnea, Th. Sk. Col. iii.
46. H. depressa, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 99; Platara^a
depressa, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 45.

A large, brightly coloured, and handsome species, flat.

British Species of Homalota. 185

yellowisli, with the antennae towards the apex^ the head,
and the abdomen more or less, blackish. The antennas
are moderately long, rather slender for the size of the
species, but little thickened towards the apex; joints two
and three of about equal length, four about as long as
broad, fi-om this to the tenth, but little difference between
the length and breadth of each joint; in some specimens,
however, the penultimate joints are distinctly transverse ;
the eleventh joint is gently pointed, not quite so long as
the two preceding together. Head blackish, with the
palpi and parts of the mouth testaceous, considerably
smaller than the thorax, flat above, and sometimes ob-
scurely impressed, distinctly but rather distantly punc-
tured, each puncture being distinguishable as a real im-
pression. The thorax is narrower than the elytra, about a
third broader than long, the sides nearly straight, round-
ed towards the anterior and posterior angles, rather
strongly and distantly punctured, the disc is flattish, with
more or less distinct indications of one or more shallow
impressions. The elytra are yellowish, a little darker in
the neighbourhood of the scutellum, the punctuation not
quite so coarse as that of the thorax, but rather closer.
The abdomen is somewhat variable in colour, blackish, the
base and apex sometimes obscurely, sometimes distinctly
paler; segments two to four are distinctly and pretty
densely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-
tured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antennas is stouter
than in the female ; the sixth segment of the abdomen
is furnished above, just before the hind margin, with a
distinct raised tubercle ; the hind margin of the seventh
segment is provided with four distinct teeth, of which
the outer ones are the stouter, the two inner ones are
rather closer together, and are like tubercles ; the hind
margin of the same segment, underneath, is more round-
ed than in the female.

In the female, the hind margin of the seventh dorsal
segment is slightly emarginate in the middle.

Rather common in moss and dead leaves throughout
the country.

Ohs. — This species varies somewhat in colour, size, and
punctuation of the head and thorax. Erichson divided
it into two species, H. hrunnea and depressa, which are
still maintained by Thomson.

186 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

80. Homalota hepatica.

Nigra, elytris ferrugineis, antennis pedibusque testa-
ceis ; antennis sat validisj thorace elytrisque crebre dis-
tinctius punctatis, evidenter pubescentibus ; abdomine
basi parce punctate, apice leevigato. Long, 2-2j lin.

Mas ; elytris linea prope suturam longitudinaliter ele-
vata ; abdomine segmento 6° supra lineis 2 elevatis pos-
tice convergentibus instruct©.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-
teriore medio sat profunda emarginato.

H. hepatica, Er. Gen, et Spec. Staph. 102; Kr, Ins.
Deutsch, ii. 268; Wat, Cat,

A fine, large, and robust species, Antennge yellow,
stout, the first three joints elongate, two and three of
nearly the same length, four to ten each a little broader
than its predecessor, of four and five the length is about
equal to the breadth, six to ten distinctly transverse, last
joint long and pointed, as long as the two preceding to-
gether. Head roundish, smaller than the thorax, rather
coarsely but obsoletely punctured. The thorax is nearly
as broad as the elytra, about one-third broader than
long, the sides rounded in front, then nearly straight
behind, distinctly and pretty closely punctured, and with
a well-marked yellowish pubescence. The elytra are
reddish-brown, rather longer than the thorax, distinctly
and pretty closely punctured, and with a well-marked
pubescence. The abdomen is black and shining, a little
paler at the apex, segments two to four sparingly punc-
tured, fifth segment still more sparingly punctured,
sixth nearly impunctate. Legs reddish-yellow.

The male has on each elytron a raised longitudinal
line, nearly parallel with the suture, and on the sixth
abdominal segment above, two raised lines converging
posteriorly, (Kraatz),

The female has the posterior margin of the seventh
ventral segment distinctly excised in the middle.

This fine species is rare, but has occurred in several
parts of England, All the specimens I have seen are
females,

8L Homalota exarata.

Linearis, nigro-picea, antennis elytris pedibusque rufo-
testaceis, abdomine rufo-piceo ; thorace transverso, elytris

m\.

British Species of Hoinalota. 187

minus crebre sat fortiter punctatis; abdomine fere laevi-
gato. Long. 1§ lin.

Mas ; elytris prope suturam linea longitudinal! elevata
instructis.

Allied to H. hepatica, but smaller, especially narrower,
not so dark in colour, with more slender antennse, and
shorter thorax. The antennae are unicolorous, reddish-
brown, stout, but little thickened towards the apex, basal
joints rather long; joints two and three of about equal
length, four and five each about as long as broad, six to
ten rather transverse; eleventh joint rather long and
pointed, about as long as the two preceding together.
Head smaller than the thorax, neither finely nor closely
punctured, the punctures shallow and indistinct. Thorax
pitchy, nearly as broad as the elytra, half as broad again
as long, the sides gently rounded in front, scarcely
narrowed behind, rather coarsely, pretty densely, and
not very distinctly, punctured. Elytra reddish, rather
coarsely but indistinctly and not closely punctured, about
a fourth longer than the thorax. Abdomen pitchy, the
extremity, as well as the margins of the segments reddish,
almost impunctate, and sparingly pubescent. Legs yel-
lowish.

The male has a raised fold on each elytron, beginning
close to the suture near the hind margin, and getting
broader and more indistinct as it proceeds forwards.

Very rare ; a few specimens found by Dr. Power and
Mr. Brewer, in Tilgate Forest, in the nests of Formica
fuliginosa, are all I have seen.

Group XIV. Large species, with the penulti'mate joints
of the antennce not transverse. (Species 82 — 86) .

The members of this group form a natural cluster, allied
in many respects to Group V. JET. xantlioptera and cenei-
collis occur in numbers in fungi, and decaying vegetable
matter ; H. valida and incognita I have found in heaps of
vegetable refuse, while H. suhcenea appears to prefer the
neighbourhood of rivers and streams .

82. Homalota suhcenea.

Nigra, capite thoraceque subaeneis, antennarum articu-
lo prime pedibusque testaceis, elytris sordide branneis ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART III. (juNe) . V

188 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

thorace transverse, basi impresso ; elytris confertim dis-
tinctius granuloso-punctatis ; abdomine segmeBtis 2-4
parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere leevigatis. Long, l^-lf lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et crenulato.

An obscurely coloured, rather large species, with the
anterior parts dullish, the abdomen shining. The an-
tennee are moderately long, slender, scarcely thickened
towards the apex; black, the basal joints yellowish ; joints
two and three rather slender, of about equal length, the
third being very little the longer of the two, four shorter and
more slender than five, five to ten nearly like one another,
each a little narrowed towards its base, each a little longer
than broad ; the eleventh joint is rather long and pointed,
not quite so long as the two preceding together. The
head is narrower than the thorax, blackish, with a rather
dull, brassy appearance, finely and indistinctly punctured.
The thorax resembles the head in colour, it is narrower
than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides
gently rounded in front, then very slightly narrowed be-
hind, very finely and not closely punctured, and with a
broad shallow impression in front of the scutellum. Ely-
tra about a third longer than the thorax, of a dirty brown-
ish or yellowish-brown colour, slightly darker about the
scutellum, closely and distinctly punctured, the sculpture
consisting of small roughish elevations ; their pubescence
is depressed, and pretty distinct. The abdomen is black
and shining; segments two to four sparingly but dis-
tinctly punctured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs
dirty testaceous.

The male has the apex of the seventh segment of the
abdomen above, truncate and crenulate, the crenulations
are rather large and about eight in number, the outer
one on each side the most distinct.

In wet places on the banks of the Scotch rivers, among
moss, also sparingly in England,

Ohs. — This species may readily be distinguished from
H. xantlioptera, by the darker antennse with shorter
apical joint, the obscurely brassy colour of the head and
thorax, and the more strongly punctured and obscurely
coloured elytra. It may possibly prove identical with
Atheta aquatica, Th., but Thomson describes the male of
that species as having the hind margin of the seventh
segment furnished with four teeth.

British Species of Homed ota. 189

83. Homalota ceneicolUs.

Nigra, nitidula, antennarum basi pedibus elytrisque
testaceis, his circa scutelluni angulisque apicis infuscatis ;
thorace transverse, basi obsolete impresso ; abdomine
supra segmentis 2-4 parcius panctatis, 5 et 6 fere Isevi-
gatis. Long. 1^- If lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et crenulato.

This species is extremely closely allied to H. xanthop-
tera, and I have no doubt is generally confounded with
it; it is, on an average, a little smaller than, and not
so robust as H. xanthoptera. The elytra are paler in
colour, and more distinctly marked with black. The
antennae are darker in coloui', and neither quite so
long, nor quite so stout; they are darker towards the
extremity, and the apical joint is not so long-, though it
bears nearly the same relation to the two preceding ones,
as the last joint in H. xanthojytera does.

It is an abundant species in decaying vegetable matter,
especially in Scotland, where it is commoner than H. xan-
thoptera, and may sometimes be found in numbers without
any of that species being associated with it. It is widely
distributed, as I have seen it from Naples.

Ohs. — I am indebted to M. Ch. Brisout de Barneville,
for the loan of his two types ( S and $ ) of JT. parisiensis ;
they are either the above species, or a closely allied one,
the differences being, apparently, that these French spe-
cimens are rather smaller and narrower, and have the
base of the antennae, and the elytra, of a darker colour,
and the antennae rather more slender. They are rather
old rubbed examples, and without the examination of a
greater number of specimens, I can express no positive
opinion as to their distinctness from the species above
described. *

84. Homalota xanthoptera.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis articulo ultimo elongate, fus-
ce-testaceis, basi testaceis, elytris pedibusque testaceis ;
thorace transverse, basi obsolete impresso ; abdomine seg-
mentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere laevigatis. Long.
l|-2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,

et crenulato.

* Since the above was written, I have seen one or two other examples
of H. parisiensis ; they tend to confirm my opinion of its distinctness.

p 2

190 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Aleochara xanthoptera, Steph. 111. Brit. Ent. v. 116
(1832); H. xanthoptera, Wat. Cat. H. socialis,_ var. b,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 102. H. merdaria, Th. Ofv. Vet.
Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 141; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 269; Athe-
ta tnerdaria, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 81.

Antennge long and rather slender, very little thickened
towards the apex ; yellowish, more or less darker towards
the extremity, but with the terminal joint nearly always
a little paler than the penultimate one, their pubescence
rather distinct; joints one, two, and three moderately
long, three slightly longer than two, four about as broad
as three, longer than broad, five a little broader than four,
from this to the tenth the joints differ but little from one
another, each is a little longer than broad, and a
little narrowed towards the base; the last joint is elon-
gate, nearly the length of the three preceding together,
gently pointed, not stouter than the tenth. Head black,
with the mandibles and palpi yellowish, considerably
narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely
and indistinctly punctured. Thorax black and shining,
a little narrower than the elytra, fully one-third broader
than long, the sides gently rounded in front, then nearly
straight behind, finely and pretty closely punctured, with
an indistinct impression in front of the scutellum. Ely-
tra a third or fourth longer than the thorax, of a chesnut-
yellow colour, very indistinctly darker about the scutel-
lum and towards the apical angles, pretty closely and
finely punctured, and with a soft distinct pubescence.
Abdomen black and shining, the extremity sometimes
yellow; segments two to four sparingly but distinctly
punctured, five and six almost impunctate. Legs bright
yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the upper plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is truncate and crenulate,
the number of crenulations varies a little, but is generally
eight ; of tiiese, the outer one on each side is larger than
the others; the under plate of this segment is also more
produced, and its hind margin more rounded, than in the
female.

Common all over the country, in fungi and decaying
vegetable matter, especially in the months of August and
September; sometimes found at the sap of trees.

Ohs. — Stephens' description of A. xanthoptera, gives
characters by which, considered together, this species

British Species of Hotnalota. 191

may be distinguished from all others, viz., size, colour,
and the elongate terminal joint of the antennas ; and, as
his name is many years older than Thomson's merdaria,
I have adopted it.

85. Honoalota incognita.

Latior, nigra, antennis pedibusque testaceis, illis apicem
versus infuscatis, elytris obscure castaneis ; thorace trans-
verso, basi impresso; elytris crebre sat fortiter punc-
tatis ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6
fere Itevigatis. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore
medio truncate, haud crenulato.

A large species, allied to H. xantlioptera, usually larger
and broader in proportion, the thorax being evidently
broader; it is more obscurely coloured, has the elytra
more strongly punctured, the fourth joint of the antennae
longer, and the apex of the abdomen not visibly crenulate
in the male. The antennae are long, but slightly thick-
ened towards the apex ; yellow at the base, more or less
infuscate towards the apex, pretty distinctly furnished
with outstanding hairs; joints two and three moderately
long and slender, four considerably longer than broad,
from this to the tenth the joints differ but little in length,
but each is a little stouter than the foregoing one, each
longer than broad; the eleventh joint is elongate (espe-
cially in the male), longer than the two preceding together,
and a little stouter than its predecessor. The head is
broad, narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the
eyes, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, fully a third broader than
long, the sides gently rounded in front, then nearly
straight, and but very slightly narrowed behind, pretty
finely and not densely punctured, with an indistinct im-
pression in front of the scutellum, from which proceeds
a short indistinct channel. The elytra are about a fourth
longer than the thorax, of an obscure brownish colour,
indistinctly darker about the scutellum and towards the
apical angles, rather strongly and closely punctured.
The abdomen is black and shining, pitchy at the extreme
apex; segments two to four sparingly but distinctly
punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

192 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

In the male, the last joint of the antennas is longer
than in the female, the seventh segment of the abdomen
has the hind margin of the upper plate quite straight in
the middle, but not visibly crenulate ; the ventral plate is
also more produced, and its posterior margin more round-
ed, than in the female.

Rare. Rannoch, Edinburgh, Inverness-shire, Thornhill.

Ohs. — This species is in some respects intermediate
between H. xanthoptera and valida ; it is distinguished
from H. valida by its more obscure colour, paler anten-
nae, less coarsely punctured elytra, and the non-crenulate
seventh abdominal segment of the male.

86. Homalota valida.

Nigra, nitidula, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis,
elytris brunneis, crebre evidenter punctatis ; thorace
transverse, basi impress© ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4
parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere Igevigatis, ano obscure brun-
neo. Long. 2 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio crenulato.

H. valida, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 274.

A fine large species, the smallest specimens equal in
size to H. icanthoptera. Antennas pitchy, with the three
basal joints dark yellow, rather long and stout, slightly
thickened towards the apex, with a sparing exserted
pubescence; joint three rather longer than two, four to
ten each slightly broader than its predecessor; in the
male each longer than broad, in the female about as long
as broad; the terminal joint is elongate and pointed,
rather more than the length of the two preceding. The
head is black and shining, finely and sparingly punctured.
Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, nearly half as
broad again as long ; black and shining, rather finely and
not closely punctured, with a broad shallow impression
in front of the scutellum, and sometimes with a fine in-
distinct channel. Elytra about a fourth longer than the
thorax, shining brown, a little darker about the scutellum
and towards the external angles, strongly and closely
punctured, and with a well marked pubescence. The
abdomen is black and shining, scarcely paler at the ex-
tremity, segments two to four sparingly but rather coarse-
ly pvinctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs
yellow.

British Species of Homalota. 193

In the male, the joints of the antennse from the fourth
onwards are a little longer than in the female, the upper
plate of the seventh abdominal segment has the hind
margin crenulate, and sometimes slightly emarginate ;
the crenulations vary in fineness, and are about eight in
number; the ventral plate of the same segment is more
produced, and has the hind margin more rounded, than
in the female.

Rare. Edinburgh, Strath Cannich, Thornhill.

Ohs. — I have but little doubt this is the H. valida of
Kraatz, though I have not seen any specimen of the
species so named, except my British ones. It is readily
distinguished from H. xanthoptera by its darker and more
shining colour, its less elongate apical joint to the an-
tennae, and its more strongly punctured elytra.

Group XY. Moderately sized, or small species, with the
pemdtimate joints of the anteniwe transverse.

(Species 87—107) .

An artificial group, comprising a number of species of
very different appearance and size. They occur, how-
ever, nearly without exception, in refuse vegetable mat-
ter and in fungi ; H. succicola and triangidnm prefer the
sap of trees, and the latter species is also sometimes found
on the coast. H. succicola is a large species, while ato-
TYiaria and perexigua are amongst the smallest of the
genus. H. palustris and others are placed by Kraatz
near H. atrameutaria, but the parallel abdomen, and the
tibiae entirely without setae, make them even more un-
naturally placed than in my arrangement.

87. Homalota succicola.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris brunneis, pedibus testaceis ; an-
tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; thorace transverse, basi
impresso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6
Iffivigatis. Long. 1|-1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et subtiliter crenulato.

H. succicola, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 141 ;
Atheta succicola, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 78. H. validicornis,
Maerk., Ki\ Ins. Deutsch. ii. 271. H. socialis, var. a,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 102. H. euryptera, Wat. Cat.

194 Dr. Sharp's Hevisioii of the

Compared with H. xanthojjtera, this species is broader
and stouter in proportion, with stouter shorter and dark-
er antennae, of which the fifth joint is considerably broader
than the fourth. The antennas are nearly black, stout,
after the fifth joint not thickened towards the apex; joint
three a little longer than two, four small in comparison
with the others, about as broad as three, and nearly
as long as broad, five considerably broader than four,
distinctly transverse, the other joints onwards to the tenth
closely resembling it; the eleventh joint is long in pro-
portion to its predecessors, longer than the two preceding
together. Head black, rather broad and short, distinctly
narrower than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely
and indistinctly punctured. Thorax a little narrower
than the elytra, quite half as broad again as long, the
sides rounded in front, then nearly straight behind, so
that it is a little narrower at the anterior than at the
posterior angles, pretty finely and not closely punctured,
and with a more or less distinct, shallow impression in
front of the scutellum. Elytra about a third longer than
the thorax, brownish in colour, a little darker about the
scutellum, pretty closely and finely punctured. Abdo-
men black and shining ; segments two to four sparingly
but pretty distinctly punctured, five and six almost im-
punctate. Legs not very clear yellow.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-
men has the apex truncate and finely crenulate, the num-
ber of the crenulations not easy to count, about twelve
to sixteen, the outside one on each side a little the larger.

Very common at the sap of trees, and also in other
situations throughout the country.

Ols. I. — Kraatz very truly remarks that this species
might perhaps be more correctly placed in the next sec-
tion, but that its nearest allies are in the present group.

Obs. II. — This species is the U. euryptera of Mr. Water-
house's catalogue. As Stephens' description oi Aleochara
euryptera contains nothing peculiarly characteristic of
this species, I have not felt justified in adopting this
name, to the displacement of another in general use,
merely because a specimen is so named in Stephens'
cabinet.

88. Homalota trmotata.

Nigra, elytris pedibusque testaceis, illis circa scutel-
lum angulisque apicis fuscis ; antennis articulis 5-10

British Species of Homalota. 195

traBSversis ) thorace transverso; abdomine segmeutis
2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 parcius punc-
tatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poste-
riore subtiliter ci^enulato^ uti'inque denticulo acuto ter-
minato.

H. trinotata, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 272 ; Wat. Cat.
Atheta socialis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 76.

A rather shining, and with the exception of the elytra
and legs, dark-coloured species. The antennse are nearly
black, pitchy at the base, from the third joint onwards
gradually though slightly thickened towards the apex ;
the three basal joints moderately long, three a little
longer than two, four slightly broader than three, about
as broad as, or a little broader than long, from this onwards
each joint is slightly broader than its predecessor, five
to ten distinctly transverse; eleventh joint rather broad,
as long as the two preceding together. Head black,
moderately shining, finely and indistinctly punctured,
narrower than the thorax. Thorax a little narrower than
the elytra, half as broad again as long, the sides nearly
straight, gently rounded at the anterior angles, finely
and not closely punctured, with an indistinct impression
in front of the scutellum. Elytra fully a third longer
than the thorax, yellowish, with a tolerably well defined,
dark, triangular patch at the scutellum, and another on
each side near the apical angle, finely and pretty closely
punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, segments
two to four pretty finely and tolerably closely punctured,
fifth segment distinctly but more sparingly, sixth sparingly
punctured. Legs yellow.

In the male, the seventh dorsal segment of the abdo-
men has the posterior margin finely crenulate, but not
thickened, the crenulations on each side terminated by a
small and not distinct sharper tooth; the ventral plate
of the same segment has the posterior margin less straight,
more rounded than in the female.

Very abundant in vegetable refuse matter all over the
kingdom. Especially fond of foul straw.

Obs. — Seeing the great confusion that exists as to the
synonymy of H. socialis, and the impossibility of deter-
mining with accuracy the exact species to which the
name of the older authors should be applied, I have

19G Dr. Sharp's Revision of tJie

thoug-ht it better to adopt Kraatz's name of trinotata.
Paykvill's Staphylinus socialis, may, or m.ay not, be this
species, but it is certain from his description, that he
confounded more than one species together.

89. Homalota hyhrida.

Nigro-picea, elytris pedibusque testaceis, illis circa
scutellum angulisque apicis obscure fuscis ; antennis
apicem versus vix incrassatis ; thorace transverso, basi
obsolete impresso ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat
crebre punctatis. Long. 1| iin.

Mas; antennis articulo penultimo quadrato, abdomine
segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato, hand crenulato.

This species is so closely allied to H. trinotata that it
will be sufl&cient to point out the characters which dis-
tinguish it. Its colour is not so well marked, the black
being pitchy, and the elytra obscure yellow, with the
markings indistinct. The antennae are of different struc-
ture, being rather more slender, even less thickened to-
wards the apex, and with the terminal joint longer. The
male characters are different ; in that sex the penulti-
mate joint of the antennge is markedly longer than in the
female, about as long as broad ; the seventh dorsal seg-
ment of the abdomen has the hind margin non-crenulate,
and the ventral plate of the same segment has the hind
margin less straight and more rounded than in the
female.

I have found this species only near Edinburgh.

Ohs. — I have seen but three specimens (two i and
one ? ) of this species. The structure of its antennae
seems to me to be quite irreconcileable with the idea of
its being a variety of H. trinotata. Its shorter more
transverse thorax, and broader less parallel form, apart
from the S characters, will readily distinguish it from
H. xanthoptts. Perhaps it may be found mixed with long
series of H. trinotata, but I expect it will prove very

rare.

90. Homalota xanthopus.

Linearis, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibusque
testaceis; elytris circa scutellum angulisque apicis

British Species of Homalota. 197

fuscis; tliorace transverse, basi plus minusve irapresso ;
abdomine segmentis 2-4 subtilitei" baud crebre punctatis,
5° parcius punctato, 6° Igevigato. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,
et crenulato.

Feiii.; abdomine segmento 7° supra et infra margine
posteriore obsoletissime emarginato.

H. xanthopus, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 96;
Atlieta xanthopus, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 77. E. suhlinearis,
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 275 ; Wat. Cat.

This species, though narrower and more parallel than
its allies, is pretty near to H. trinotata and triangulum.
The antennae are moderately long and stout, very little
thickened towards the apex, the basal joint yellow, and
the two or three following ones more or less distinctly
so, the rest pitchy ; joints two and three of nearly the
same length, four small, about as long as broad, five
broader than four, five to ten differing but little from
one another, transverse but not strongly so, the last
joint moderately long and stout, about as long as the
two preceding together. The head is a little narrower
than the thorax, rounded behind the eyes, finely and in-
distinctly punctured. The thorax is but slightly narrower
than the elytra, a third or fourth broader than long, the
sides a little rounded at the anterior angles, then nearly
straight and scarcely narrowed behind, finely and not
closely punctured, with a very obsolete impression in
front of the scutellum, and sometimes with a fine indis-
tinct channel. The elytra are about a third longer than
the thorax, yellow, with three tolerably distinct darker
triangular patches, one at the scutellum, and one on each
side near the outer angle ; finely and pretty closely
punctured. The abdomen is black and shining, seg-
ments two to four rather sparingly punctured, fifth very
sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs
yellow.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal
segment has the apex truncate and crenulate ; the ventral
plate of the same segment has also the posterior margin
more rounded than in the female.

Generally distributed in England, and in the south of
Scotland, but rare.

Ohs. — This species in colour bears a resemblance to
H. ceneicollis, but is smaller and narrower, and has shorter-
jointed antennae.

198 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

91. Homalota triangulum.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris testaceis, circa scutellum an-
gulisque apicis determinate nigris, pedibus fusco-testa-
ceis ; thorace transverse ; abdomine supra segmentis
2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 leevigatis. Long, l^-lf lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato,
et crenulato.

Fern. ; segmento 7° supra et infra margine posteriors
medio obsoletissime emarginato.

H. triangulum, KJr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 273 ; Wat. Cat.

Allied to H. trinotata, but more parallel, with the
thorax more developed, the end joint of the antennae
longer, and the black triangular patch about the scutel-
lum larger and more distinct. The antennas are black,
moderately long and stout, slightly thickened towards
the apex; joints two and three of about equal length,
four scarcely broader than three, about as long as broad,
from this onwards very slightly thickened, and each joint
transverse, but not strongly so ; eleventh joint long, more
than twice the length of the tenth. Head narrower than
the thorax, black, finely and indistinctly punctured.
Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, about a third
broader than long, the sides gently rounded at the an-
terior angles, then nearly straight behind, pretty finely
and closely punctured, with a very indistinct impression
in front of the base in the middle. The elytra are more
than a third longer than the thorax, testaceous, with a
large, black, well-defined, triangular patch at the scutel-
lum, and with a black patch at each side, rather closely
and distinctly punctured. The abdomen is black and
shining, segments two to four sparingly punctured, fifth
segment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunc-
tate. Legs fusco-testaceous, the thighs darker than the
tibiae.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
segment of the abdomen is truncate and crenulate, the
outer tooth on each side being rather the more distinct ;
the venti-al plate is a little produced, and has the hind
margin rounded.

The female has the posterior margins of the same seg-
ment, both above and below, very indistinctly emai'ginate
in the middle.

British Species of Homalota. 199

Scarce. Croydon, Darenth, Chatham, Brighton.

It is remarkable that this species has two very distinct
habitats, viz., at the sap of trees, and under sea- weed on
the coasts; I have never found it except under these
conditions, and can find no difference whatever between
the specimens from these different localities. Kraatz
mentions it only as a coast species.

Ohs. — This species is allied to H. .vanthopns, but is
larger and broader, has the base of the antennae black,
and the triangular patches on the elytra much more dis-
tinctly marked.

92. Somalota fungicola.

Nigra, antice haud nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque
testaceis, elytris brunneis ; thorace transverso ; abdomine
segmentis 2-4 subtiliter vix crebre punctatis, 5° parce
punctato, 6° fere lasvigato. Long, circiter 1^ lin.

Mas J antennis articulo 3° incrassato ; abdomine seg-
mento 7° dorsali apice truncate, et creniilato ; ventrali
producto, apicem versus paulo angustato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali haud producto,
apice lato, leviter rotundato.

H. fungicola, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 142;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 274; Atheta fungicola, Th. Sk. Col.
iii. 76. H. nigricoDiis, Wat. Cat. H. socialis, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 102 {ex parte) .

Rather flat, the fore parts dull, the antennae stoutish,
and the elytra brown ; but a very variable and puzzling
species. The antennas are rather stout, two or three
basal joints yellowish, gradually thickened from the fourth
to the eighth joint, but not after that; joint three dis-
tinctly longer than two, slender in the female, stout in
the male; four comparatively small, scarcely or not at
all broader than three, five considerably broader than
four, from this to the seventh or eighth each slightly
stouter than its predecessor, five to ten distinctly but
not strongly transverse; eleventh joint rather pointed,
about as long as the two preceding together. The head
is narrower than the thorax, broad and short, dullish,
finely and not closely punctured. The thorax is but little
narrower than the elytra, fully half as broad again as long,

200 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

the sides gently rounded in front, the disc flat, some-
times obscurely depressed, and channelled, rather dull,
pretty closely and distinctly punctured. The elytra are
brownish, about one-third longer than the thorax, pretty
thickly and finely punctured, rendered dullish by a soft
pretty close pubescence. The abdomen is black and
shining, segments two to four rather finely and not
closely punctured, fifth segment sparingly punctured,
sixth impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the third joint of the antennae is much
stouter than in the female; the hind margin of the upper
plate of the seventh abdominal segment is truncate, and
finely crenulate, terminated on each side by a more dis-
tinct but small tubercle ; the ventral plate of the same
segment is distinctly produced, and much narrower at
the apex than in the female. In the female, the ventral
plate of the seventh segment is broad at the posterior
margin, and gently rounded.

Abundant all over the country, especially in fungus in
the autumn.

Obs. — There are, I think, still two species confounded
under this; the female, in one, has the hind margin of
the ventral plate of the seventh segment, distinctly,
even deeply, excised; while, in the other, it is rounded
as described above; the species with the excision seems
to be much rarer than the other, and as I am unable to
point out other satisfactory characters to distinguish it,
I content myself at present, with calling attention to
this anomaly.

93. Homalota ignohilis.

Sat convexa, nigra, elytris fuscis, pedibus piceis ;
thorace transverse ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 distincte
haud crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctate, 6° fere levi-
gate. Long. H li^-

Ma^j abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et obsolete crenulato ; ventrali apicem versus paulo an-
gustato, apice ipso rotundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine poster-
iore dense evidenter ciliato, medio sat profunde excise.

Allied to H.fungicola; compared with typical examples
of that species', a little larger, not so flat, with the front

British Species of Homalota. 201

parts not so dull, the base of the antennge dai-k, the head
narrower, and the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal
segment differently formed in the female. The antennge
are blackish, not thickened outwards after the sixth or
seventh joint, formed much as in fungicola, the fourth
joint small and transverse. The head is smaller than the
thorax, the vertex moderately convex, finely and indis-
tinctly punctured. The thorax is not quite so broad as
the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long, pretty close-
ly and distinctly punctured, the disc not flattened, some-
times with a fine indistinct channel. The elytra are of a
dark fuscous colour, about one-third longer than the
thorax, rather closely and finely punctured. Abdomen
with segments two to four pretty distinctly and rather
sparingly punctured, fifth segment sparingly punctured,
sixth almost impunctate. Thighs pitchy; tibia3 pitchy-
testaceous.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal
segment has the hind margin truncate, and finely crenu-
late, and is terminated on each side by a more distinct
but small tubercle, much as in H. fungicola, ; the ventral
plate of the seventh segment in the female, has the hind
margin fringed with closely-set parallel cilia, and is in
the middle distinctly, even rather deeply, excised.

Rare. I have taken it on one or two occasions at
Shirley near Croydon, in the autumn, and also near Edin-
burgh. I have seen specimens from Germany.

Obs. — The cilia at the posterior margin of the seventh
segment (ventral plate) of the female, so conspicuous in
this species, are also to be found in ? H. fungicola, but
are there so short, fine, and light coloured, as only to be
perceived with difficulty.

94. Homalota diver sa.

Nigra, subdepressa, vix nitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus
testaceis ; antennis articulo 4° quadrate ; thorace trans-
verso, basi plus minusve canaliculate; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5 et 6 fere Isevigatis.
Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et subtiliter crenulato.

Allied to H. succicola, and perhaps confounded with it ;
not quite so shining, rather more depressed, with the

202 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

elytra darker coloured^ and the antennae differently form-
ed, the fourth joint not being transverse, and only a little
narrower than the fifth, the following joints narrower,
and the terminal one much shorter than in succicola. The
antennae are black, with the basal joint sometimes pitchy;
moderately long, scarcely thickened towards the apex;
joint three slightly longer than two, but little difference
between four and five, each about as long as broad, six
to ten each a little broader than long; eleventh joint
rather short, pointed, about half as long again as the
tenth. Head much narrower than the thorax, disc mo-
derately convex, generally with a small but distinct fovea,
finely and indistinctly punctured, not very shining. Tho-
rax a little narrower than the elytra, nearly half as broad
again as long, gently rounded and depressed at the anterior
angles, the sides nearly straight behind ; generally with a
distinct longitudinal channel, reaching from the base half
way to the front, this is sometimes, however, scarcely
to be seen; rather dull, pretty finely and not closely
punctured. Elytra about a third longer than the thorax,
pitchy-brown, pretty closely and distinctly punctured.
Abdomen black and shining, segments two to four rather
finely and sparingly punctured, fifth segment very spar-
ingly punctured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs dark
yellow.

The male has the hind margin of the seventh dorsal
segment of the abdomen truncate, and very finely crenu-
late, the truncate part terminated on each side by a rather
longer and more distinct projection.

I have a good series of this species taken at Eannoch
in Perthshire, and have besides found it at Thornhill, and
in Glen Almond, Perthshire.

Obs. — Though somewhat allied to H. succicola, it is, I
think, more correctly placed Jiea,rfungicola, from which
its larger size, darker colour, less parallel form, and some-
what differently formed antennae, distinguish it.

95. Homalota boletohia.

Nigra, antennarum basi pedibus elytrisque testaceis,
his circa scutellum angulisque apicis infuscatis ; thorace
fortiter transverse, basi obsolete impresso; abdomine
supra segmentis 2-4 minus crebre punctatis, 5° parce
punctate. Long. 1| lin.

British Species of Homalota. 203

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
et obsolete obtuse quadridentato.

H. holetohia, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 96; Athe-
ta holetohia, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 78. H. nigritula, Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 276; Wat. Cat.

A rather broad and short species. The antennae are
rather short, a little thickened towards the apex, pitchy,
with the two or three basal joints paler ; joint three scarce-
ly so long as two, four small, but little broader than three,
broader than long, five to ten distinctly and pretty strongly
transverse ; eleventh joint moderately long, about half as
long again as the tenth. The head is broad and short,
narrower than the thorax, rather shining, finely and in-
distinctly punctured. The thorax is black or pitchy,
nearly as broad as the elytra, not quite twice as broad
as long, nearly straight in front, gently rounded at the
sides and base, with an indistinct impression or channel
in front of the scutellum, rather finely and not closely
punctured. The elytra are a third longer than the thorax,
pale yellow, darker about the scutellum, and at the sides
towards the apical angles, pretty finely and closely punc-
tured. The abdomen is black, or pitchy-black, sometimes
a little paler at the extremity ; segments two to four are
rather distinctly but not closely punctured, fifth segment
punctured at the base, almost smooth at the apex, sixth
almost impunctate. Legs pale yellow.

In the male, the posterior margin of the seventh seg-
ment of the abdomen is truncate, and a little thickened,
with four obtuse obsolete teeth; these teeth are rather
undulations of the margin, than to be distinguished as
distinct projections.

Not very common. In fungi in the South, in autumn.

Chs. — Kraatz's description of H. nigritula, as well as
specimens sent by him to the British Museum under
that name, are to be referred to this species. Its much
shorter broader form, shorter antennae, and paler elytra,
should prevent its being confounded with H. xantJwpus .

96. Homalota nigritula.

Nigro-picea, vix nitida, subtiliter punctulata; thorace
transverse, piceo ; antennis elytris pedibusque testaceis ;

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART III. (jUNE) . Q

204 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punc-
tatis, 5 et 6 fere Igevigatis. Long. Ij lin.

3Ias; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apicem versus
utrinque linea longitudinali elevata, margine apicali
medio profunde semicirculariter excise, excisionis mar-
gine evidenter incrassato.

Aleochara nigritula, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 408; Atheta
nigrihola^ Tb. Sk. Col. iii. 80. H. liturata, Wat. Cat.

Antennae rather short and stout, yellow; joints two
and three of about equal length, four to ten short, the
first of them rather, the last of them very transverse,
five a good deal broader than four; eleventh joint com-
paratively long, quite as long as the two preceding to-
gether. The head is narrower than the thorax, black,
dull, narrower behind the eyes, which are rather promi-
nent, finely and indistinctly punctured ; palpi yellow.
Thorax nearly as broad as the elytra, strongly transverse,
twice as broad as long, pitchy or pitchy-red, finely and
rather closely punctured, sometimes with an indistinct
longitudinal channel. Elytra pale yellow, sometimes a
little darker about the scutellum, about half as long again
as the thorax, finely and densely punctured. Abdomen
pitchy-black, segments two to four finely but not very
closely punctured, fifth and sixth segments almost im-
punctate. Legs pale yellow.

The male has, in the middle of the hind margin of the
dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal segment, a deep
semicircular incision, the margin of which is thickened
all the way round ; outside this on each side is a thick-
ened raised line terminating in a slight projection at
each outer angle.

Taken in abundance in fungi in the Fens, Cambridge,
by Mr. Crotch.

Ohs. — The smaller size, pale antennae with shorter
joints, &c., distinguish this species from H. holetohia,
with which it appears to have been confounded by
KJraatz. It might almost be naturally placed in the next
section.

97. Homalota coriaria.

Nigra, nitida, elytris fuscis, antennarum basi pedibns-
que obscure testaceis ; thorace fortiter transverse ; abdo-

British Species of Homalota. 205

mine segmentis 2-4 subtiliter haud crebre punctatis,
5 et 6 fere leevigatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; thorace disco impresso ; abdomine segmento 7°
dorsali margine apicali utrinque denticulo prominulo
terminato, et medio leviter emarginato.

H. coriaria, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 282 ; Wat. Cat.

Not very closely allied to any other species; rather
broad and convex. The antennse are moderately stout,
rather short, a little thickened towards the apex, blackish,
with the two or three basal joints paler; joints two and
three rather short, of about equal length, four small,
about as broad as three, not quite so long as broad, five
broader than four, from this to the tenth transverse, but
not strongly so ; eleventh joint moderately stout, about
as long as the two preceding together. The head is
rather broad, but considerably narrower than the thorax
and elytra, black and shining, finely and indistinctly
punctured, rounded behind the eyes. Thorax strongly
transverse, its breadth twice its length, a little narrower
than the elytra, the sides gently rounded, rather narrower
at the anterior than at the posterior angles, extremely
finely punctured and pubescent; in the female with a
small fovea in front of the scutellum, in the male with a
more or less distinct large impression on the middle.
The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, of
an obscure brownish colour, finely and closely punctured.
The abdomen is black and shining, segments two to four
rather sparingly punctured, fifth segment very sparingly
and finely punctured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs
pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the thorax is impressed on the disc ; and
the seventh segment of the abdomen has a small notch
in the middle of the hind margin, and the lateral margin
on each side is produced into a small sharp tooth, be-
tween which and the central notch can generally be seen
one or more indistinct smaller teeth, which, however,
are sometimes quite absent.

Not common. In Cut grass, &c. Thornhill, and near
London,

98. Homalota sodalis.

Convexa, nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-brunneis, an-
tennis piceis, basi pedibusque rufo-testaceis ; thorace

206 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

transverse, basi indistincte impresso, elytris angnstiore ;
his dense sat fortiter punctatis ; abdomine supra seg-
"nientis 2-4 hand crebre punctatis, 5 et 6 fere laevigatis.
Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice angxalatim
emarginato, ventrali apicem versus angustato.

H. sodalis, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 328; Gen. et. Spec.
Staph. 104; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 279; Wat. Cat.;
Atheta sodalis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 84.

Antennas moderately stout, thickened towards the
apex, pitchy in colour, paler at the base ; joint two
slightly longer than three, four to ten each slightly broader
than its predecessor, four about as long as broad, five a lit-
tle transverse, the following ones gradually more distinctly
so; eleventh joint nearly as long as the two preceding
together. The head is rather small, narrower than the
thorax, much narrower than the elytra, black and shining,
finely and indistinctly punctured. Thorax narrower than
the elytra, a third broader than long, rather narrower at
the anterior than at the posterior angles, its punctuation
neither fine nor close ; in front of the scutellum is a broad
obsolete impression, sometimes appearing double. The
elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, of a
brownish or blackish colour, densely and rather strongly
punctured and pubescent. The abdomen is black and
shining, segments two to four distinctly but not densely
punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs red-
dish-yellow.

The male has the hind margin of the upper plate of
the seventh abdominal segment distinctly excised, the
margin of the excision is scarcely visibly thickened ; the
ventral plate of the same segment is very narrow towards
the apex, but the apex itself is not pointed.

Not uncommon in fungi in the summer. Abundant
near Edinburgh.

Ohs. — This species varies in the colour of its antennee
and elytra. It is not very closely allied to any of our
other species, but H. hnmeralis, Kr., found in Germany
and Sweden, is very near it.

99. Homalota gagatina.

Convexiuscula, antice et postice subangustata, nigra,
elytris fuscis, antennarum basi pedibusque testaceis ; an-

British Species of Homalota. 207

tennis articulis 7-10 minus evidenter transversis ; thorace
transverse ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis,
5° parce punctate^ 6° fere lasvigato. Long. I5 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,
dentibus intermediis obtusis.

H. gagatina, Baudi, Stud. Ent. 119 (1848). H. com-
2jressicoll{s, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 80. H. variabilis, Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 284 ; Wat. Cat.

Somewhat resembling the species of the H. fungi group,
the head being narrow in proportion to the thorax, and
the abdomen somewhat narrowed behind. It is rather
convex, and but little shining, owing to a tolerably evi-
dent pubescence. The antennae are moderately slender,
a little thickened towards the apex, pitchy-black, with
the two or three basal joints more or less distinctly yel-
low; joints two and three of nearly equal length, only
moderately long, from the fourth onwards each joint is
slightly stouter, four to six each about as long as broad,
seven to ten slightly transverse; eleventh joint about as
long as the two preceding together. The head is mode-
rately broad, much narrower than the thorax, scarcely
shining, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is
a little narrower than the elytra, about half as broad again
as long, the sides gently rounded, narrower at the an-
terior than at the posterior angles, finely and pretty close-
ly punctured, and with a very indistinct impression in
front of the scutellum. The elytra are nearly a third
longer than the thorax; of a brownish or pitchy-brown
colour, finely and closely punctured. The abdomen is
black, shining towards the extremity, which is sometimes
paler; segments two to four distinctly and moderately
closely punctured, fifth segment finely and sparingly
punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellow, some-
times infuscate.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four teeth,
the two central ones are only separated by a shallow
notch, and are broad and blunt, the outer ones do not
reach quite so far back as the middle ones, and are nar-
rower and sharper.

Generally distributed and not rare. In fungi or dead
leaves. London, Inverness-shire, &c.

Ohs. — This species is a troublesome one to recognize ;
the male characters distinguish that sex readily enough,

208 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

but the female might be confounded with H. suhsinuata
or fungicoJa, though distinct enough from either. It
varies a good deal in colour, and northern specimens ap-
pear to be larger and darker than those found near
London.

100, Hmnalota divisa.

Subdepressa, antice subopaca, nigra, antennarum basi
elytrisque fuscis, pedibus testaceis; antennis articulo ul-
timo elongate ; thorace transverse, basi canaliculate ; ab-
domine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punc-
tatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere Isevigato. Long.
li lin.

Mas; capite prothoraceque late et profunde canali-
culatis; segmento abdomine 7° dorsali margine pos-
teriore incrassato, vix emarginato, angulo externo pro-
minulo.

H. divisa, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 213 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 279; Wat. Cat. Atheta aridula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 75.

A rather broad, flat species. Antennae rather slender,
scarcely thickened towards the apex; joints two and three
rather short, three not quite so long as two, four rather
small, about as long as broad, the following joints slightly
transverse; eleventh joint long in proportion to the rest
of the antennae, about three times as long as the tenth.
The head is narrower than the thorax, subquadrate, with
the angles rounded, finely and- indistinctly punctured;
in the male with a deep longitudinal impression or chan-
nel, in the female generally with a short channel, but
sometimes without any trace of this. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, about half as broad again
as long, the sides a little rounded at the anterior angles,
then a little narrowed behind, finely and closely punc-
tured ; in the female with a short channel in front of the
scutellum, in the male with the disc longitudinally de-
pressed and channelled. The elytra are about a third
longer than the thorax, of a brownish colour, finely and
pretty densely punctured. The abdomen has the basal
segments, two to four, finely and moderately closely punc-
tured, fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth
nearly impunctate. Legs yellow.

In the male, the head and thorax are deeply impressed,
the abdomen has the dorsal plate of the seventh segment

British Species of Homalota. 200

with a thickened posterior margin, and the sides also
towards the apex elevated, the outer angles project a
little, so as to give the hind margin a slightly concave
appearance.

In moss in wet places, generally distributed in England
and Scotland, but nowhere common.

Ohs. — The comparatively elongate terminal joint of the
antennee in this species, is its most notable character.

101. Homalota mgricornis.

Subdepressa, crebre subtiliter punctata, subopaca,
nigra, antennis elytrisque nigro-fuscis, pedibus fusco-
testaceis ; thorace transverse ; abdomine supra segmentis
2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctate,
6° fere Igevigato. Long. Ij lin.

Mas ; capite prothoraceque disco impressis ; abdomine
segmento 7° dorsali apice late indistincte emarginato.

H. nigricorms, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 142;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 281 ; Atheta nigricorms, Th. Sk. Col.
iii. 86.

Allied to H. divisa, but readily distinguished by its
darker elytra, and the shorter terminal joint of the an-
tennge. The antennae are moderately long, slightly thick-
ened towards the apex, pitchy-black, the basal joint pitchy ;
joints two and three moderately long, of about equal
length, four rather small, about as broad as three, and
about as long as broad, five rather stouter than four,
slightly transverse, six to ten transverse, the first of them
indistinctly, the last of them distinctly so; eleventh joint
nearly twice as long as the tenth. The head is black,
narrower than the thorax, finely and indistinctly punc-
tured; in the male the disc is more or less depressed.
The thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about half
as broad again as long, the sides a little rounded in front,
then scarcely narrowed behind, finely and closely punc-
tured ; in the male the disc has a broad impression, and
in the female there is sometimes a short channel in front
of the scutellum. The elytra are fully a third longer than
the thorax, black or pitchy-black, finely and closely
punctured. The abdomen is black, segments two to four
finely and moderately densely punctured, fifth segment
very sparingly and finely punctured, sixth nearly im-
punctate. Legs pitchy-yellow, the femora being darker
than the tibiae.

210 Dr. Sharp's Rev in ion of the

In the male, besides the impressions on the head and
thorax, the posterior margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment, is slightly excavated.

Found both in England and Scotland, but not abundant ;
at the sap of trees, and in vegetable refuse.

Ohs. — I have not thought it necessary to adopt the
name of H. Thomsoni which has been proposed for this
species, as Stephens' description of Aleoehara nigricornis
may be considered for all practical purposes as not exist-
ing, and cannot therefore require the suppression of
Thomson's H. nigricornis.

102. Homalota angiisticolUs.

Nigra, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus fuscis; thorace
subquadrato, basi canaliculato ; elytris hoc sesqui longi-
oribus ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce subtiliter
punctatis, 5 et 6 fere Isevigatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; an tennis articulis hand vel vix transversis ; ab-
domine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsoletissime emargi-
nato.

Fern.; antennis articulis 7-10 leviter transversis; ab-
domine segmento 7° dorsali apice rotundato.

H. angusticoUis, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 100 j
Atheta angusticoUis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 87.

A dark- coloured, rather narrow and elongate species,
with the thorax distinctly narrower than the elytra, and
scarcely transverse; head, thorax and elytra rather dull.
The antennse are black, rather long, scarcely thickened
towards the apex ; joints two and three of about equal
length, four rather small, about as wide as three, and
about as long as broad, joints five and six each about as
long as broad, seven to ten, in the male nearly or quite
as long as broad, in the female transverse, but not strong-
ly so; last joint nearly twice as long as the tenth. The
head is scarcely narrower than the thorax, rather long,
the sides straight behind the eyes, then rounded at the
posterior angles, finely and indistinctly punctured, but
scarcely shining; convex above in the female, flattened
and sometimes indistinctly impressed in the male. The
thorax is considerably narrower than the elytra, a fourth
broader than long, slightly narrowed behind, finely and
not densely punctured, and not shining, with a short long-

British Species of Homalota. 211

itudinal channel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are
about half as long again as the thorax, obscurely brown-
ish or brownish-black or nearly black, finely and pretty
closely punctured, but little shining. The abdomen is
black and shining, segments two to four finely and spar-
ingly punctured, fifth segment very sparingly punctured,
sixth nearly impunctate. The legs are pitchy -testaceous,
the thighs generally darker than the tibias.

In the male, the penultimate joints of the antenna3 are
longer than in the female, the upper surface of the head
is flatter, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is obsoletely emarginate, and
the ventral plate of the same segment is narrower and
rather longer than in the female, and its hind margin is
more rounded.

Not uncommon in fungi, vegetable refuse, &c., in
Scotland; Thornhill, Edinburgh, Rannoch, Inverness-
shire. In England, I have only found it near Croydon.

Ohs. — My specimens agree entirely with a specimen of
H. angusticollis, sent by Thomson to Mr. Crotch. The
species has been generally supposed to be synonymous
with H. ravilla, Er., Kr., but Thomson, in the 9th vol. of
Sk. Col., recognizes H. ravilla and angusticollis as dis-
tinct species, both occurring in Sweden ; and states that
the much longer terminal joint of the antennse of H.
ravilla distinguishes it from angusticollis. An example
of H. ravilla, sent by Kraatz to the British Museum,
when compared with my specimens of angusticollis, shows
this distinction in a very marked manner; and among a
long series of H. angusticollis, taken by me in different
parts of Scotland, I find no variation in the length of
the last joint of the antennse.

103. Homalota jpalustris.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris obscure brunneis, pedibus
testaceis ; thorace transversim subquadrato ; abdomine
segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce
punctato, 6° fere Isevigato. Long. 1-lj lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice emarginato,
ventrali producto, apicem versus vix angustato.

H. palustris, Kies. Stet. Ent. Zeit. v. 318; KJr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 309; Wat. Cat. Atheta hrunnipes, Th. Sk.
Col. iii. 72.

212 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

AntennEe moderately slender^ scarcely thickened to-
wards the apex, pitchy or pitchy-black, the base some-
times indistinctly paler; joint three not quite so long as
two, four rather smaller than five, each of them about as
long as broad, six to ten each a little broader than long ;
eleventh joint about twice as long as the preceding one.
The head is slightly narrower than the thorax, black and
shining, very finely and indistinctly punctured. The
thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, about a third
broader than long, the sides a little rounded at the an-
terior angles, then neai-ly straight behind ; it is black and
shining, very finely and not closely punctured, its pubes-
cence is extremely fine. The elytra are about a third
longer than the thorax, brownish, often nearly black,
finely and closely punctured. The abdomen is black and
shining, segments two to four are finely and moderately
closely punctured, fifth very finely and sparingly punc-
tured, sixth almost impunctate. Legs rather dirty
yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is distinctly emarginate ; the
ventral plate of the same segment is considerably pro-
duced, but little narrowed towards the hind margin,
which is nearly straight, with the angles rounded.

Moderately common all over the country.

Ohs. — This species is readily distinguished from H.
angusticoUis by its more shining head and thorax, the
latter of which is broader, and by its shorter elytra. Its
most marked character is the formation of the upper and
under plates of the seventh segment in the male.

104. Eomalota corvina.

Linearis, nigra, elytris nigro-piceis, pedibus fuscis ;
antennis articulo penultimo prajcedente longiore ; thorace
transversim subquadrato, basin versus subangustato, ely-
tris angustiore ; his thorace sesqui longioribus ; abdomine
basi parce punctate, apice levigate. Long, vix 1 lin.

Mas; capite profunde canaliculate, thorace medio late
foveolato, abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete
truncate.

E, corvina, Th. Ofv. Yet. Ac. Fiirh. 1856, p. 101 ;
Atheta corvina, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 88. H. lepida, Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 309.

British Si^ecies of Homalota. 21o

A small dark-coloured species, with large head, and
the thorax narrower than the elytra. Antennse black,
the basal joint pitchy, a little thickened towards the apex ;
first joint stout in proportion to the others, three not so
long as two, four smaller than any of the others, five to
nine distinctly transverse, ten notably longer and less
transverse than nine; eleventh joint rather short and
stout, about half as long again as the tenth. The head
is scarcely narrower than the thorax, rather long, with
the eyes prominent ; in the male with a deep longitudinal
channel, extending the whole length, in the female with
a short impression in the middle behind the antennae.
The thorax is considerably narrower than the elytra,
scarcely a third broader than long, a little narrowed
behind, finely but somewhat roughly and pretty closely
punctured ; in the male with a large fovea in the middle,
in the female with an indistinct impression or channel in
front of the scutellum. The elytra are black or pitchy-
black, long in proportion to their breadth, half as long
again as the thorax, finely and pretty closely punctured.
Abdomen black and shining, segments two to four spar-
ingly punctured, five and six nearly impunctate. Legs
pitchy or pitchy-testaceous.

In the male, the third joint of the antennae is stouter
than in the female, the head and thorax are more dis-
tinctly impressed, the seventh abdominal segment is
narrower than in the female, and the apex of its dorsal
plate a little truncate.

In fungi and vegetable refuse, not common. Brocken-
hurst, Edinburgh, Thornhill.

Obs. — I think, from descriptions, that H. corvina, Th.,
is pretty certainly identical with H. lepida, Kr. Kraatz
truly says, that fresh specimens of this species appear
more strongly punctured than old ones.

105. Homalota puherula.

Subdepressa, parallela, nigro-picea, nitidula, elytris
fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ; capite thorace elytrisque
parce subtilissime punctatis, et tenuissime pubescenti-
bus ; thorace transverse, elytris hoc sesqui longioribus ;
abdomine basi parce punctato, apice fere laevigato. Long.
1 lin.

214 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Mas ; thorace medio profunde impresso ; abdomine seg-
mento 7° dorsali apice truncate et crenulato, ventrali
productOj apice late rotundato.

Allied to H. corvina, and about the size of that species,
but more parallel, with broader thorax, and the anterior
parts of the body much more finely and sparingly punc-
tured. Antennse black, a little thickened towards the
apex; joint three shorter than two, four to ten each
slightly broader than its predecessor, and each a little
broader than long, and a little narrowed towards the base ;
eleventh joint moderately stout and pointed, not twice
the length of the tenth. Head distinctly narrower than
the thorax, rather broad, eyes moderately prominent, the
disc flat and shining, and slightly channelled in the male.
The thorax is black and shining, very nearly as broad as
the elytra, more than half as broad again as long, scarce-
ly narrowed behind, very finely and sparingly punctured,
the disc in the male with a large deep impression. The
elytra are pitchy, fully half as long again as the thorax,
finely and sparingly punctured, and with very fine pubes-
cence. The abdomen is black and shining, its pubes-
cence rather more distinct than that of the fore parts of
the body, the basal segments are sparingly punctured,
the apical ones nearly impunctate. The legs are dirty
yellow.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment has the
dorsal plate with the apex broad and truncate, and cre-
nulate, the ventral plate is distinctly produced, its hind
margin broad and rounded.

Yery rare; taken by Dr. Power, and by myself at
Mickleham, in the month of September.

106. Homalota atomaria.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris vel nigris vel fuscis, pedibus
piceo-testaceis, omnium parce subtilissime punctata ten-
uissimeque pubescens; thorace transverse, basi indis-
tincte foveolato ; abdomine supra vage punctate, fere
Ifevigato. Long. | lin.

jBT. atomaria, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 254 ; H. minuscula,
Bris. Ann. Sec. Ent. Fr. 1859, p. ccxviii.

A very small, black and shining species, with scarcely
visible punctuation or pubescence. The antennae are

British Species of Homalota. 215

black, the base sometimes indistinctly pitchy, a little
thickened towards the apex ; joint three shorter and
more slender than two, narrowed towards the base, four
to ten transverse ; eleventh joint nearly twice as long
as the tenth. The head is a little narrower than the tho-
rax, black, shining, and impunctate. The thorax is but
little narrower than the elytra, about a third broader than
long, shining, extremely finely and sparingly punctured,
with a small, very indistinct impression in front of the
scutellum. The elytra are black, or pitchy, a third longer
than the thorax, extremely sparingly and finely punc-
tured, and with a very sparing and delicate pubescence.
The abdomen is black and shining, very sparingly punc-
tured. The legs are pitchy.

The male is scarcely to be distinguished from the
female, except by the considerably narrower abdoijiinal
segment.

Eare. I have found it in heaps of cut grass at Thorn-
hill, and have seen it also in Mr. Waterhouse's and other
collections.

Obs. — I have identified this species by comparison with
the types of H. minuscula, Bris. Kraatz has himself
declared the identity of M. Brisout's minuscula with his
atomaria.

107. Homalo ta perexigua .

Nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus piceo-
testaceis, omnium parce subtilissime punctata tenuis-
simeque pubescens; thorace transversim subquadrato,
elytris angustiore; abdomine supra fere lasvigato. Long.
h lin.

Closely allied to H. atomaria, but still smaller and more
fragile, the thorax less transverse and narrower than
the elytra, the antennae notably thinner, though simi-
larly formed, so that the intermediate joints are less
transverse.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment is nar-
rower than in the female, its ventral plate is narrow, a
little produced, and with the hind margin rounded.

Very rare. I have found it on one or two occasions
near London, and have seen specimens in several col-
lections.

216 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Section F. "

Group XVI. Large, or not very small species; the
penultimate joints of the antennce very strongly transverse.

(Species 108— 1] 5).

The species herein contained constitute a tolerably
natural assemblage^ though there is a great diversity of
colour and size. The male characters of all the species
are well marked and unmistakeable. H. cinnamomea,
and hospita occur only among the burrows of Cossus lig-
niperda; they might naturally be separated from the
others as a distinct group, except that no practical advan-
tage would result from this. H. ohlita occurs gregariously
in fungi in the autumn. The other species are all rare,
and little is known of their habits.

108. Homalota cinnamomea.

Lata, brunneo-testacea, antice vix nitida, subtiliter
punctata; abdomine nigricante, vix punctate; thorace
fortiter transverse. Long. 2-2j lin.

Mas ; a. elytrorum sutura basi evidenter carinata ele-
vata ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio ante apicem
longitudinaliter elevate, apice triangulariter producto,
medioque obsolete incise, utrinque spino minore acuto
subcui'vato.

/3. elytrorum sutura basi vix elevata ; abdomine seg-
mento 7° medio obsolete longitudinaliter elevate; caetera
ut in a.

Aleochara cimiamomea, Grav. Micr. 88 ; H. cinnamomea,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 127 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 289;
Wat. Cat.; Thamiarcea cinnamomea, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 60.

One of the largest and finest species of the genus, and
perhaps resembling in appearance rather a Myrmedonia
or an Aleochara. It is broad, and robustly formed, a little
narrowed both before and behind, of a cinnamon-brown
colour, with the abdomen black, or pitchy-black. The
antennae are pitchy in colour, testaceous at the base,
stout and rather short, increasing in thickness from the
third to the seventh or eighth joint; joint three consider-
ably longer than two, four comparatively small, nearly as
long as broad, five considerably broader than four, five
to ten strongly transverse ; eleventh joint large, pointed.

British Species of Homalota. 217

as long as the two preceding together. Head broad and
short, but much narrower than the thorax, rounded and
narrowed behind the eyes, which are large and promi-
nent; finely and not closely punctured. The thorax is
somewhat narrower than the elytra, its breadth twice its
length, gently rounded at the sides, a little narrower at
the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely and mo-
derately closely punctured, sometimes with an obsolete
channel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are about
a third longer than the thorax, a little darkened in colour
towards the apical angles, finely and pretty closely punc-
tured. The abdomen is black and shining, the basal seg-
ment finely and sparingly punctured, the others impunc-
tate; the hind margins of the segments often brownish.
The legs are yellow, or reddish-yellow.

The male characters are very peculiar, and not easy to
describe ; the suture of the elytra is elevated at the base
into a distinct carina, terminating abruptly at the scutel-
lum; the seventh segment of the abdomen, is raised in
the middle to a sort of carina, the lateral margin projects
on each side, as a short pointed, rather curved spine,
between these two spines the middle part of the hind
margin is much produced, and the apex in the middle has
a small notch. A form of the male occurs, however, in
which the elevation of the suture, and the carina-like
elevation of the seventh segment, are scarcely to be seen.

Pretty common ; lives in the burrows of the goat moth,
especially in oak and elm trees in England.

Ohs. — The abdomen of this species is undoubtedly
somewhat narrowed towards the apex.

109. Homalota hos'pita.

Brunnea, hand nitida, abdomine piceo-nigro ; thorace
fortiter transverso, subtiliter canaliculate ; abdomine
supra segmentis 2-4 crebre punctatis, 5° parce punc-
tate, 6° fere leevigato. Long. If lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio acu-
minato, obsolete bituberculato, margine laterali obsolete
producto.

H. hospita, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 216 ; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 290; Wat. Cat.; Thamiarcea Jiospita, Th.
Sk. Col. iii. 60.

218 .Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

This species resembles H. cinnamomea in colour, but
is easily distinguished by its smaller size and punctured
abdomen. The antennae are stout, a little longer than
the head and thorax, yellowish, a little thickened towards
the apex; joint three longer than two, four about as
stout as three, about as long as broad, five to ten each a
little broader than its predecessor, five slightly, ten dis-
tinctly, transverse; eleventh joint stout, as long as the
two preceding together. Head broad, but considerably
narrower than the thorax, with the eyes rather large and
prominent, moderately finely and pretty closely punc-
tured. The thorax is nearly of the breadth of the elytra,
its breadth about twice its length, the sides gently
rounded, finely and closely punctured, with an indistinct
longitudinal channel in the middle. The elytra are a
little longer than the thorax, pretty finely and closely
punctured. The abdomen is blackish, with the base and
apex, and the margins of the segments more or less red-
dish ; segments two to four are evenly and pretty closely
and finely punctured, fifth segment more sparingly punc-
tured, sixth nearly impunctate. Legs yellowish.

In the male, the seventh abdominal segment has, on
the upper side before the apex, an ill-defined indistinct
elevation, the apex is produced in the middle, in the
form of two teeth close to one another, and not very
distinct, the hind margin is also again somewhat pro-
duced on each side.

This species is found in company with H. cinnamomea,
at Cossus-infested trees. In Germany, however, it
appears to have been found among Formica fuliginosa ;
perhaps, as is often the case, the tree may have been
attacked by the Cossus, as well as tenanted by ants.

110. Homalota scapularis.

Convexiuscula, rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque ante
apicem nigricantibus ; thorace transverso, apicem versus
angustato ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre minus
subtiliter punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere Isevigato.
Long. 1^-14 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,
dentibus intermediis obtusis.

Aleochara scapularis, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 372; H. sca-
pularis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 292; Wat. Cat.; Alaohia
scapularis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 100. H. ochracea, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 104.

British Species of Homalofa. 219

A reddish-yellow species, the head and fourth and fifth
abdominal segments blackish; with comparatively small
head, and with the punctuation and pubescence of the sur-
face distinct and well marked. The antennae are reddish-
yellow at the base, infuscate towards the apex, they are
moderately stout, joint three a little longer than two, four
not broader than three, nearly as long as broad, five dis-
tinctly broader than four, five to ten transverse, but not
strongly so; eleventh joint about as long as the two pre-
ceding. The head is roundish, much narrower than the
thorax, rather finely and moderately closely punctured,
with the eyes rather prominent. The thorax is convex,
narrower than the elytra, its breadth nearly twice its
length, narrower at the anterior than at the posterior
angles, the anterior angles rounded and depressed, close-
ly and moderately finely punctured, and with a distinct
pubescence. The elytra are about a third longer than
the thorax, closely and rather strongly punctured, with
a distinct pubescence. The abdomen is yellowish-red,
with the fourth and fifth segments darker ; segments two
to four are rather strongly and pretty closely punctured,
fifth segment more sparingly but distinctly punctured,
sixth nearly impunctate; pubescence rather coarse. Legs
yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is armed with four teeth, the
middle ones are stout, short and rounded, the outer ones
project rather more backwards, are slender and pointed.

Scarce ; but occurs sparingly in several localities about
London, and has been found, not uncommonly, at Monk's
Wood, by Mr. Crotch; Weybridge, Mickleham, Croydon.

111. Homalota suhterranea.

Linearis, sat nitida, rufo-testacea, capite abdomineque
plus minusve nigricantibus, subtiliter punctata, antennis
validis, basi pedibusque testaceis; abdomine supra seg-
mentis 2-5 parce punctatis, 6° fere Isevigato. Long. IJ
lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,
deutibus validis.

H. suhterranea, Muls. Opusc. ii. 40 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch.
ii. 291 ; Wat. Cat.

TRANS, ENT. SOC. 1869. PART ITT. (.TUNE). R

220 Dr. Sharp^s Revision of the

A parallel, prettily coloured, rather convex species,
with very stout antennEe ; the anterior parts with fine
punctuation and pubescence. The antennse are short and
very stout, pitchy, paler at the base, gradually thickened
from the fourth to the tenth joint; joint three short and
stout, triangular, slightly shorter than two, four to ten
each a little broader than its predecessor, five to ten
strongly transverse, and each narrowed towards the base;
eleventh joint pointed, about twice as long as the tenth.
The head is rather large, nearly as broad as the thorax,
blackish, finely and indistinctly punctured ; the eyes not
prominent. The thorax is more than half as broad again
as long, but little narrower than the elytra, reddish-brown,
finely and moderately closely punctured. The elytra are
about a third longer than the thorax, yellowish-red, finely
and moderately closely punctured. The abdomen is
shining, pitchy-black, the apex yellowish-red, the base
reddish or pitchy-red ; segments two to five finely and
sparingly punctured, sixth segment nearly impunctate.
Legs yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four stout
teeth of nearly equal length, the two middle ones are
stout rounded projecting tubercles, the outer ones, also
rather stout, are more pointed.

I have seen only two British specimens of this species,
one taken by Mr. Crotch, at Beauly in Inverness- shire,
the other by Mr. Hislop at Forres; it is to be found
amongst moss and dead leaves.

112. Homalota dilaticornis.

Obscure rufa, capite abdomineque nigricantibus, an-
tennis elytrorumque angulo apicali fuscis, antennarum
basi pedibusque testaceis ; antennis validis ; thorace trans-
verso; abdomine segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6°
fere laevigatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali margine apicali
producto, medio indistincte emarginato, ante apicem tu-
ber culis duobus elevatis, margine laterali utrinque in
spina tenui producto.

H. dilaticornis, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 293.

Rather smaller and less robustly formed than H. subter-
ranea, and with a much smaller head ; of a reddish colour.

British Species of Homalota. 221

finely punctured and delicately pubescent^ with the head,
abdomen, and sides of the elytra towards the hinder angles,
darker. The antennte are short and stout, considerably
thickened from the fourth to the seventh joint; joints
two and three very nearly of equal length, four small but
transverse, five considerably broader than four, it and the
following strongly transverse; eleventh joint pointed, as
long as the two preceding. The head is pitchy, con-
siderably narrower than the thorax, narrowed behind the
eyes, finely and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is
rather narrower than the elytra, its breadth about twice
its length, narrower at the anterior angles than at the
base, very finely and moderately closely punctured. The
elytra are about a third longer than the thorax, reddish,
infuscate towards the apical angles, finely and pretty
closely punctured. The abdomen is shining, pitchy-black,
obscurely paler at the base and apex ; segments two to
four finely and sparingly punctured, five and six nearly
smooth. Legs yellow.

The male characters are very peculiar, but not easy to
describe. The seventh abdominal segment has the dor-
sal plate in the middle a little produced behind, and the
middle of its hind margin presents a shallow notch, the
margin of which is a little thickened ; a little before the
hind margin, and close to the outside, is to be seen on each
side a distinct raised tubercle ; moreover the lateral mar-
gin of this segment, is, on each side, produced behind,
into a very slender and very indistinct spine, not reaching
so far back as the produced middle part of the segment.

Very rare. I have seen only a few specimens, all of
which have been taken by Dr. Power, in the neighbour-
hood of London.

113. Homalota testacei/pes.

Subdepressa, nitida, subtiliter punctata et tenuiter
pubescens, nigra, antennarum basi elytris pedibusque
testaceis ; antennis validis ; thorace transverse, eequali;
abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter parce punctatis,
5° et 6° fere Isevigatis. Long. Ij lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore
4-dentato, dentibus elongatis, acutis.

H. testaceipes,'Keer, Faun. Col. Helv. 327. H. hrevicollis,
Baudi, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 1060. H. varicornis, Kr. /.

R, 2

222 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

c. 292. H. Saundersi, Eye, Ent. Month. Mag. iii. 121
(1866) .

Comparatively broader and flatter than H. suhterranea
and dilaticornis, and darker in colour. The antennae are
short and very stout, blackish, obscurely paler at the base ;
joint three nearly as long as two, four small but trans-
verse, about as broad as three, five much broader than
four, from this to the tenth each joint is very broad and
transverse ; the eleventh joint is pointed, about the length
of the two preceding. The head is a little narrower than
the thorax, but broad, black and shining, very finely punc-
tured. The thorax is but little narrower than the elytra,
its breadth about twice its length, the sides evenly round-
ed, scarcely narrower at the anterior than at the posterior
angles, closely and very finely punctured. The elytra
are testaceous or fusco-testaceous, the lateral margins
a little darker, fully one-third longer than the thorax,
finely and pretty closely punctured, with a delicate but
distinct pubescence. The abdomen is black and shining ;
segments two to four sparingly and finely punctured,
fifth segment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly im-
punctate. Legs yellow.

The male characters are peculiar. The hind margin
of the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal segment is
furnished with four very distinct teeth ; of these, the two
middle ones are near one another, and appear as two pro-
duced elongate tubercles, the apex of each of which is a
little flattened and somewhat curved inwards, the outer
teeth are long, slender, pointed, and a little curved in-
wards, and project backwards further than the central
ones.

This species has as yet been found, in this country, only
in the neighbourhood of London. There is a fine series
of it in Dr. Power's collection, varying somewhat in size,
and a little in the colour of the elytra.

Obs. — There are in the British Museum specimens of
H. hrevicollis, sent by Kraatz ; they agree with the exam-
ples described above.

114. Homalota ohlita.

Nigra, haud nitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testa-
ceis ; thorace transverse, medio canaliculate ; abdomine

British Species of Homalota. 223

supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis_, 5° parce punc-
tate, 6° fere laevigato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato,
dentibus intermediis obtusis, rotundatis, lateralibus tenui-
buSj introrsum curvatis.

H. ohlita, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 113; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 294; Wat. Cat.

A rather small, obscure species, with short stout an-
tennas. The antennae are blackish, sometimes obscurely-
paler at the base, thickened from the third to the sixth
joint, but scarcely after that ; joints two and three of
about equal length, four considerably broader than three,
but narrower than five, distinctly transverse, five to ten
strongly transverse; eleventh joint about as long as the
two preceding. The head is broad, narrower than the
thorax, black and dull, pretty closely but very finely and
indistinctly punctured. The thorax is but little narrower
than the elytra, its breadth fully half as great again as
its length, the sides gently rounded in front, scarcely
narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,
very finely and closely punctured, and delicately pubes-
cent, with a moderately distinct longitudinal channel in
the middle. The elytra are fully one-third longer than
the thorax, sometimes obscurely brown in colour, some-
times nearly black, finely and closely punctured. The
abdomen is black, segments two to four distinctly and mo-
derately closely punctured, fifth segment sparingly and
finely punctured, sixth nearly impunctate. The pubes-
cence of the abdomen is more distinct than that of the
anterior parts. The legs are testaceous, more or Jess
dusky.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal
segment has, in the middle, two stout rounded tubercles
projecting backwards, these tubercles are united at their
base, but separated at the apex by a slight notch; be-
sides this, on each side is to be seen a rather longer,
slender, pointed spine, curved inwards.

Local; but often to be found abundantly in August
and September, in fungi. Cambridge, New Forest,
Malvern, Shirley, &c.

Ohs. — Specimens of this species occur, with rather
brighter- coloured elytra and legs than in the type, and
in such cases are often more shiningr and smaller.

22^ Dr. Sharp's Beoision of the

115. Homalota autumnalis.

Fusco-nigra, sat nitida, parce tenuiter pubescens, an-
tennarum basi pedibusque testaceis ; thorace transverse,
medio canaliculate ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce
distinctius punctatis^ 5° et 6° fere leevigatis. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; capite subtiliter canaliculate; abdomine seg-
mente 7° dersali apice 4-dentate^ dentibus intermediis
obtusisj approximatisj fere cenjunctis, externis acumi-
natis.

H. autumnalis, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 113; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 283.

A smallj rather broad species, sparingly punctured
and pubescent, and yet but little shining, from the fact
that the surface between the punctures is very finely
coriaceous. The antennae are short and moderately
stout, considerably thickened from the third joint to the
apex, pitchy in colour, with the three basal joints yellow-
ish ; joint three more slender than two, but nearly as
long, four small, about the width of three, nearly as
long as broad, five to ten transverse, the first of them
slightly, the last of them rather strongly so; eleventh
joint stout, as long as the two preceding. Head rather
narrower than the thorax, broad, very indistinctly punc-
tured, the parts of the mouth testaceous. The thorax is
a little narrower than the elytra, transverse, its breadth
about twice its length, the sides rounded at the anterior
angles, finely and sparingly punctured and pubescent,
with an indistinct longitudinal channel in the middle.
The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax,
rather more distinctly and closely punctured than it.
The abdomen has segments two to four sparingly and
moderately finely punctured, five and six nearly impune-
tate. The legs are yellow, the posterior tarsi stout, and
moderately long, the basal joint very short, the terminal
one about as long as the four preceding.

In the male, the front of the head is indistinctly chan-
nelled, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the seventh
abdominal segment is furnished with four teeth, of about
the same length ; the middle ones are broad and rounded,
and near one another, so as to appear as if forming a
central, rather produced, lamina, with a notch at its
apex; the lateral teeth are fine and pointed.

British Species of Homalota. 225

Very rare. I have found it only at Horning, in Nor-
folk, and in a piece of wet ground near Norwood.

Obs. — I have only one example of the male of this
species at my command ; its male characters do not seem
to agree altogether with Kraatz^s description, or Mul-
sant's figure. The place of the species is near H. oblita,
(as in Brichson) , and not next coriaria, where it is placed
by Kraatz, It is readily distinguished from ohlita by its
more sparing punctuation and pubescence, and the
brighter- coloured legs and base of the antennas.

Group XVII. Small or very small species; the penulti-
mate joints only of the antennae strongly transverse.

(Species 116—122).

A group of small black or obscurely coloured species,
found in dung, vegetable refuse, and carcases. H. in-
quinulu is the smallest species of the genus. The male
characters are but unimportant.

116. Homalota sericea.

Nigra, antennis elytrisque fuscis^ pedibus fusco-testa-
ceis, tenuiter distincte pubescens; thorace transverse;
abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis,
5° et 6° fere laevigatis. Long. |-1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncate,
vix emarginato.

H. sericea, Muls. Opusc. i. 41 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii.
295; Atheta sericea, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 89; H. amicula,
Wat. Cat.

A rather robust little species, delicately but distinctly
pubescent, moderately shining, with short stout antennae.
These are pitchy-black, with the two first joints pitchy,
thickened from the third to the apex ; joint two stout,
three rather shorter and more slender than two, four to
ten each a little stouter than its predecessor, four slightly
transverse, ten strongly so ; eleventh joint stout, about
as long as the two preceding. Head moderately large,
rather narrower than the thorax, the sides a little
straight behind the eyes, before being rounded at the
posterior angles, extremely finely punctured ; in the male
with an indistinct fovea on the disc. The thorax is but

226 Dr. Sharp^s Revision of the

little narrower than tlie elytra, its breadth fully half as
great again as its length, about as wide at the anterior as
at the posterior angles, finely and indistinctly punctured,
sometimes with an indistinct impression in front of the
scutellum, sometimes with an obscure channel, and often
without either. The elytra are blackish, or pitchy-
black, rather short, about one-third longer than the
thorax, finely and closely punctured, with a fine and mo-
derately close pubescence. The abdomen is black and
shining, often a little broader towards the apex, its pubes-
cence pretty distinct, segments two to four finely and
rather sparingly punctured, five and six nearly impunc-
tate. Legs dirty testaceous.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is truncate, and obscurely
emarginate; the under plate of the same segment is
also more produced than in the female, its apex less flat-
tened, and more round.

Abundant all over the country in vegetable refuse,
hayricks, outhouses, &c.

Obs. — I see no sufficient reason for considering this
species as Stephens's Aleochara amicula ; his description
may, or may not, apply to H. sericea. His descriptions
(111. V. 131) of species 66-72 would each apply about
equally well to H. sericea, and each is about equally
vague and uncharacteristic.

117. Homalota subtilis.

Nigra, hand nitida, confertim subtiliter punctata, evi-
denter pubescens, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis ;
thorace transverse, aequali; abdomine supra segmentis
2-4 sat parce punctatis, 5° et 6° fere laevigatis. Long,
f lin.

H. subtilis, Scriba, Berl. Ent. Zeit. 1866, p. 128.

Allied to H. sericea, but distinguished by its denser
punctuation and pubescence, its longer elytra, and the
thinner joints (especially two to six) of the antennae. The
antennae are moderately stout, a little thickened towards
the apex, black ; joint three slightly shorter than two,
four nearly quadrate, five to ten each slightly broader
than its predecessor, the first of them slightly, the last
distinctly transverse; eleventh joint rather stout, about
as long as the two preceding. The head is a little

British Species of Homalota. 227

narrower than the thorax, indistinctly punctured. The
thorax is slightly but distinctly narrower than the elytra,
its breadth fully half as great again as its length, about
as broad at the antei'ior as at the posterior angles, finely
and thickly punctured, and finely but rather roughly
pubescent. The elytra are fully one-third longer than
the thorax, closely and finely punctured. The abdomen
is punctured much as in H. serieea, but not quite so spar-
ingly. The legs are rather dusky testaceous.

Rare. I have found single specimens in several parts
of Scotland.

Obs. — I have examined two specimens of H. suhtilis
sent by Herr Scriba to Mr. Crotch ; these difi^r from my
specimens by being a little larger and broader, and
having no channel or impression at the back of the head.
These two specimens are, however, females, while I be-
lieve all my Scotch examples to be males ; they have the
apex of the seventh abdominal segment very indistinctly
truncate. This species resembles H. celata in some
respects, but its abdomen is much more sparingly punc-
tured.

118. Homalota induhia.

Nigra, sat nitida, tenuiter pubescens, parce punctata,
pedibus piceis; antennis articulis 5-10 minus fortiter
transversis; thorace transverse j abdomine supra seg-
mentis 2-4 parce subtiliter punctatis, 5° et 6° fere lasviga-
tis. Long, f lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore
sat fortiter crenulato.

Scarcely larger than S. serieea, but blacker, stiU more
sparingly pubescent and therefore more shining-, with
the antennge not quite so stout, and the seventh abdomi-
nal segment crenulate in the male. The antennae are
black, moderately stout, a little thickened towards the
apex; joints two and three longer and more slender than
in S. serieea, three not quite so long as two, four about
as broad as three, and about as long as broad, five slightly
transverse, ten pretty distinctly so ; eleventh joint point-
ed, about as long as the two preceding. The head is
narrower than the thorax, but broad, the disc flat, punc-
tuation and pubescence almost absent. The thorax is

228 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

but little narrower than the elytra^ its breadth quite half
as great again as its length, as broad at the anterior as
at the posterior angles, finely and sparingly punctured
and pubescent, with a small indistinct impression in front
of the scutellum. The elytra are about a third longer
than the thorax, rather sparingly punctured and pubes-
cent, the punctuation rather more distinct than on the
thorax. The abdomen is black and shining; segments
two to four sparingly punctured, five and six almost im-
punctate. Legs pitchy.

In the male, the apex of the seventh abdominal seg-
ment is distinctly, and, for a small species, even coarsely
crenulate.

Rare. I have found it at Thornhill, and near Edin-
burgh and Dumfries.

119. Homalota indiscreta.

Subdepressa, nigra, subnitida, pedibus fuscis, confer-
tim subtiliter punctata ; thorace transverse, basi foveolato ;
abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter sat crebre
punctatis, 5° parce punctate, 6° fere Igevigato. Long,
flin.

Closely allied to H. sericea, but darker in colour, more
depressed, rather broader but more narrowed to the front,
the pubescence finer, denser, and more regular, and the
elytra longer in proportion to the thorax. The antennae
are entirely black, rather stout, thickened towards the
apex; joint two longer than three, four about as broad as
three, and about as broad as long, five to ten transverse,
the first of them slightly, the last strongly so ; eleventh
joint about twice as long as the tenth. Head narrower
than the thorax, much narrower than the elytra, finely
and indistinctly punctured, and sometimes with an obscure
channel or fovea in the middle. The thorax is a little
narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as great
ao-ain as its length, rather narrower at the anterior than
at the posterior angles, finely and pretty closely punc-
tured, and with a very delicate pubescence, with a shallow
transverse fovea in front of the scutellum. The elytra
are black or pitchy-black, fully one-third longer than
the thorax, finely and thickly punctured, and delicately
pubescent. The abdomen is black and shining, segments

British Species of Homalota. 229

two to four finely, scarcely closely, punctured, fifth seg-
ment very sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate.
The legs are testaceous, the tibiae a little lighter than
the femora.

I am unable to point out satisfactory characters to
distinguish the male of this species.

Rare. I have found it at Thornhill, and in Inverness-
shire.

Obs. — This species is allied to H. indubia, but is dis-
tinguished by its shorter antennae more thickened to-
wards the apex, of which joints five to ten are distinctly
transverse, and the uncrenulate seventh abdominal seg-
ment of the male.

120. Homalota mortuorum.

Nigra, subopaca, thorace elytrisque confertim sub-
tiliter punctatis et tenuissime pubescentibus, pedibus
fuscis; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 subtiliter punc-
tatis, 5° et 6° fere Isevigatis. Long. | lin.

Atheta mortuorum, Th. Sk. Col. ix. 281.

Closely allied to H. sericea, but smaller and blacker,
with the thorax and elytra thickly and finely punctured,
and densely and extremely finely pubescent ; the antennte
also are shorter than in H. sericea, the basal joints being
less elongate. The antennae are black, short and stout,
thickened towards the apex; joint two short and stout,
longer than three, three short and triangular, four to ten
distinctly transverse, this last strongly so ; eleventh joint
stout, about twice the length of the tenth. The head is
black, dull, finely and indistinctly punctured, with an
indistinct impression on the middle. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, its breadth about one-
third greater than its length, dull, thickly and very
finely punctured, sometimes with a short channel in front
of the scutellum. The elytra are rather short, about a
fourth longer than the thorax, very finely and densely
punctured and pubescent. The abdomen is black and
moderately shining, segments two to four finely and
rather sparingly punctured, five and six almost impunc-
tate. Legs pitchy.

The male appears to difier but little from the female.

Rare. I have found it only in Scotland, at Rannoch
in Perthshire, and at Thornhill.

230 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Ohs. — I have little doubt this is the mortuorum of
Thomson ; it is allied to H. indiscreta, but is smaller, less
shining, has shorter antennae and elytra, and a less
transverse thorax.

121. Homalota atricolor.

Linearis, subdepressa, vix nitida, nigra, elytris pedi-
busque nigro-fuscis, confertim subtiliter punctata, et ten-
uiter pubescens ; thorace transverse, basin versus sub-
angustato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter
punctatis, 5° parce punctate. Long. | lin.

Var. — Elytris pedibusque nigris, concoloribua.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice truncato.

H. inconspicua, Wat. Cat. {nee Er.) .

A very small, black, rather parallel and depressed
species, with close and fine but distinct punctuation and
pubescence. The antennas are black, thickened towards
the apex ; joints two and three short and stout, two
longer and stouter than three, from joint four thickened
towards the apex, four about as broad as three, nearly as
long as broad, the others to the tenth transverse ; eleventh
joint about as long as the two preceding. Head but
little narrower than the thorax, rather quadrate, rather
long in proportion to its breadth, the eyes a little pro-
minent, finely and closely punctured, the punctuation
consisting of fine elevations, so that the surface appears
rough, with a distinct channel or impression on the
middle. Thorax a little narrower than the elytra, its
breadth fully half as great again as its length, a little
narrowed behind, finely and closely punctured. The
elytra are black or pitchy-black, one-half or one-third
longer than the thorax, closely and finely punctured.
The abdomen is black and shining, segments two to four
rather closely and finely but somewhat roughly punc-
tured, fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth
nearly impunctate. Legs black, or pitchy-black.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
abdominal segment is truncate in the middle.

Extremely abundant in Scotland, in carcases, dung,
&c. ; also near London, but not so common there.

Ohs. — This species is intermediate between H. mor-
tuorum and inquimda ; it is a little smaller than the

British species of Homalota. 231

former, considerably narrower, and not so closely and
finely punctured, so that it is not so dull. It is con-
siderably larger than inquinula, and much darker in
colour. Its punctuation is peculiar, being fine but dis-
tinctly rough. *

122. Homalota inquinula.

Linearis, nigra, subnitida, elytris fuscis, pedibus fusco-
testaceis ; thorace transverso, basin versus subangustato ;
abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 sat crebre subtiliter punc-
tatis, 5° parce punctato. Long. ^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali apice truncato.

Aleochara inquinula, Grav. Micr. 78 ; H. inquinula,
Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 334; Gen. et Spec. Staph. 116; Kr.
Ins. Deutsch. ii. 297 ; Wat. Cat.

The smallest species of the genus ; narrow, and with
fine and pretty close punctuation and pubescence. The
antennae are short and comparatively stout, thickened to-
wards the apex, the three basal joints stout; joint two
stouter and much longer than three, this much narrowed
at the base, four to ten transverse, the first slightly, the
last distinctly so; eleventh joint stout and pointed, about
as long as the two preceding. The head is rather nar-
rower than the thorax, rather long in proportion to its
breadth, closely, finely, and indistinctly punctured, with
a distinct channel or impression on the middle. The
thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth
about one-third greater than its length, a little narrowed
behind, closely and finely punctured, and sometimes with
a longitudinal channel. The elytra are about one-third
longer than the thorax, of an obscure brownish or pitchy
colour, thickly and finely punctured. The abdomen is
black and shining, segments two to four finely and pretty
closely punctured, fifth segment finely and sparingly
punctured, sixth still more sparingly punctured. The
legs are dirty yellow, or pitchy in colour.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
abdominal segment is a little truncate in the middle.

Local; but common in dung in sandy places in the
centre and south of England. I have not found it in
Scotland.

* I have only lately distinguished this species from the preceding one,
and have named many specimens of it as U. mortuorum, Th. I mention
this, that those for whom I have done so, may make the change of name
where necessary.

232 Dr. Sliarp^s Revision of the

Section G.

Group XVIII. Abdomen rather narrowed towards the
apex; the hinder angles of the thorax well marhed; habitat
in ants' nests. (Species 123 — 125) .

Of this group, H. flavipes and eonfusa are closely
allied, but anceps has an entirely different facies,

123. Homalofa anceps.

Fusco-nigra, opaca, confertim punctata, antennarum
basi pedibus anoque obscure testaceis ; thorace transver-
se, piano, canaliculate, angulis posticis haud rotundatis;
abdomine supra confertim subtilissime, apice minus cre-
bre punctate. Long. Ij lin.

H. anceps. Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 336; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
125; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 264; Wat, Cat.; Lyprocorrhe
anceps, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 108.

. A peculiar and distinct species ; the head, thorax, and
elytra being harder than in the other species of the genus,
and clothed with an extremely short, and scarcely visible
pubescence ; it has somewhat the appearance of a small
H. fungi, but is flatter and duller. The antennas are
pitchy, paler at the base, moderately long, rather slender,
scarcely thickened towards the apex ; joints two and three
of nearly equal length, moderately long, four to ten each
differing but little from one another in length, the first of
them distinctly longer than broad, the last of them about
as long as broad; the eleventh joint about as long as the
two preceding. The head is considerably narrower than
the thorax, rather broad and short, very finely and close-
ly punctured, a little shining. The thorax is at the base
about as broad as the elytra, its breadth nearly twice its
length, distinctly narrower at the anterior than at the
posterior angles, the latter being distinct and not round-
ed ; the surface of the thorax is flat, and has a distinct
longitudinal channel in the middle, it is thickly and pretty
finely punctured, and has sometimes one or two irregular
little pits, or impressions. The elytra are rather short,
about one-third longer than the thorax, closely and pret-
ty distinctly punctured, dull. The abdomen is closely
and finely punctured, with a distinct moderately long
pubescence. The legs are yellowish.

British Species of Homalota. 233

The male is difficult to distinguish ; it has the ventral
plate of the seventh abdominal segment narrower^ and
more produced than in the female.

Abundant in England and Scotland, in the nests of
Formica rufa.

124. Homalota flavipes.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibus anoque
rufo-testaceis, elytris rufo-brunneis, abdomine piceo ;
thorace transverse, angulis posticis haud rotundatis ; ab-
domine supra segmentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6°
laevigatis. Long. 1| lin.

ilf as ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice fere trian-
gulariter emarginato.

Aleochara flavipes, Grav. Mon. 161; S. flavipes, Er.
Gen. et Spec. Staph. 124; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 263;
Wat. Cat.; Notothecta flavipes, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 107.

A rather broad, robust species, narrowed before and
behind. The antennae are pitchy in colour, yellowish at
the base, the apical joint also sometimes obscurely yellow ;
they are moderately long, scarcely thickened towards the
apex, and pretty distinctly furnished with projecting hairs ;
joints two and three are of about equal length, four to
ten differ but little from one another in length and breadth,
each as long as broad; eleventh joint long and rather
slender, pointed, longer than the two preceding together.
The head is narrower than the thorax broad and short,
black and shining, finely and indistinctly punctured.
The thorax is black, or pitchy-black, a little narrower
than the elytra, twice as broad as long, narrower at the
anterior than at the posterior angles ; the base a little
sinuate on each side near the external angles, which are
distinct and not at all depressed, moderately closely and
pretty distinctly punctured, with an indistinct impression
in front of the scutellum. The elytra are brownish or
reddish-brown, scarcely shining, about one-third longer
than the thorax, much broader than long, pretty closely
and distinctly, and somewhat rugulosely punctured. The
abdomen is black and shining, pitchy at the base, red-
dish-yellow at the extremity ; segments two to four are
sparingly punctured, five and six impunctate. The legs
are reddish-yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the seventh segment
of the abdomen is distinctly emarginate in the middle.

234 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Abundant in the nests of Formica rufa, all over the
kingdom .

125. Homalota confusa.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibus anoque
rufo-testaceis, elytris rufo-brunneis, abdomine piceo;
thorace transverse, angulis posticis hand rotundatis ; an-
tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; abdomine supra seg-
mentis 2-4 sat crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato.
Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice fere trian-
gulariter emarginato.

H. confusa, Maerk. Germ. Zeit. v. 215; Kj*. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 264 ; Wat. Cat. ; Notothecta confusa, Th. Sk.
Col. iii. 107.

Yery closely allied to H. Jlavipes, but rather smaller,
and with the antennae shorter and stouter, so that of
joints five to ten each one is distinctly broader than long.
The abdomen is more closely punctured, the base of the
fifth segment being distinctly punctured. Its structure
and punctuation generally are extremely like H. flavipes.

I have never found this species, but it has occurred to
Mr. F. Smith and others, in the nests of Formica fuli-
ginosa.

Section H.

Group XIX. Small or very small species; abdomen
only a little narrowed towards the apex, closely punctured ;
thorax hut little narrowed towards thejront.

(Species 126—131) .

The species of this group have indistinct male charac-
ters; H. nigra, germana, and hodierna, are found in
vegetable refuse matter ; sordidula, celata, and (I believe)
canescens, in dung.

126. Homalota nigra.

Linearis, sat nitida, nigra, pedibus fuscis, confertim
subtiliter punctata, et tenuiter pubescens ; thorace leviter
transverse ; abdomine apicem versus subangustato, supra
toto confertim subtiliter punctato. Long. |-1 lin.

British Species of Homalota. 235-

3Ias; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete
quadridentato.

H. nigra, Kr. Ins. Deutscb. ii. 287 ; Wat. Cat.

A small, ratlier narrow, black species, shining, but
clothed with a fine pubescence, giving it a somewhat
gray appearance. The antennae are black, of moderate
length and thickness, a little thickened towards the apex ;
the first joint is stout, two and three of moderate length
and thickness, two longer than three, this latter much
narrowed at the base, four scarcely broader than the pre-
ceding one, about as long as broad, from this to the tenth
each one a little broader than its predecessor, none of
them, however, being strongly transverse, and sometimes
appearing but little broader than long; eleventh joint
about as long as the two preceding together. The head
is smaller than the thorax, rather small, black and shining,
finely and indistinctly punctured, sometimes indistinctly
channelled or impressed. The thorax is a little narrower
than the elytra, about a third broader than long, very
finely and closely punctured, with an indistinct impres-
sion in front of the scutellum, from which proceeds a
fine channel, sometimes scarcely to be distinguished.
The elytra are about a third longer than the thorax,
closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is a little
narrowed towards the apex, closely finely and evenly
punctured above, segments five and six somewhat more
sparingly than the preceding ones. The legs are
pitchy.

In the male, the apical angles of the dorsal plate of
the seventh abdominal segment are acute, and eA^en a
little produced, and the hind margin is furnished besides
with two small indistinct projections, the distance be-
tween which is about the same as that between each one
and the lateral tooth.

In the female, the middle of the hind margin of the
same segment is slightly and indistinctly emarginate in
the middle.

Extremely abundant, in vegetable refuse, all over
England and Scotland.

127. Homalota germana.

Nigra, vix nitida, pedibus fuscis, confertim evidenter
punctata, et tenuiter pubescens; thorace transverse;

TRANS ENT. SOC. 1869. PART IIT. (jUNe) . S

236 Dr. Sharp's Bevislon of th«

abdomine apicem versus subangustato, supra toto con-
fertim punctato. Long. | lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice cbsoletis-
sime quadridentato.

Scarcely smaller than H. nigra, but distinctly broader
in proportion, with a shorter and more transverse thorax,
and more distinct and rougher punctuation. The an-
tennge are formed much as in H. nigra, only rather shorter.
The head is rather shorter than in H. nigra, black, dull,
rather sparingly but distinctly and roughly punctured,
in the male with a distinct channel or impression. The
thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth
more than half as great again as its length, closely and
finely but distinctly punctured, sometimes with an in-
distinct longitudinal channel. The elytra are about a
third longer than the thorax, closely and finely punc-
tured. The abdomen is black, a little shining, closely
and finely but distinctly punctured, the punctuation not
closer but more distinct than in H. nigra. The legs are
pitchy.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is formed much as in H.
nigra, the teeth, however, are still more indistinct, and
scarcely to be detected.

This species appears to be generally distributed, and
pretty common, especially in Scotland. It is probably
mixed in collections with H. nigra.

128. Homalota hodierna.

Nigra, vix nitida, ely tris fuscis, pedibus fusco-testaceis,
crebre subtiliter punctata; antennis subelongatis, arti-
culis hand transversis ; thorace leviter transverse, cana-
liculato ; abdomine supra toto confertim subtiliter punc-
tato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; capite impresso ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali
apice quadridentato.

Closely allied to H. nigra, but larger than the largest
of that species, more robustly formed, and at once dis-
tinguished by its longer antennae, less thickened towards
the apex. The antenna are pitchy-black, obscurely
paler at the base, rather long and slender, scarcely at all
thickened towards the apex; joint two a little longer

British Species of Homaloia. 2S7

than three, three narrowed at the base, four to ten differ-
ing but little from one another in length, the length of
each a little greater than its breadth ; eleventh joint long
(much longer than in H. nigra), more than twice the
length of the tenth. The head is broader and shorter
than in H. nigra, in the male distinctly channelled and
impressed. The thorax is a little narrower than the
elytra, about one- third broader than long, thickly and
finely punctured, with a distinct central longitudinal
channel. The elytra are about one-thii*d longer than the
thorax, of an obscure brownish or fuscous colour, closely
and finely punctured. The abdomen is a little narrowed
towards the apex, its upper surface densely and finely
punctured and pubescent, segments five and six rather
more sparingly so than the preceding ones. Legs dusky
yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the seventh abdominal
segment is furnished with four short projecting teeth
much as in H. nigra. I have not seen a specimen of the
female.

I have captured four specimens of this species at
Horning, in Norfolk, and have seen it also in Mr.
Crotch's collection. M. Brisout de Barneville has also
submitted to me a French example, marked '' Lille,
roseaux."

129. Homalota celata.

Nigra, subopaca, confertim subtiliter punctata, an-
tennarum basi elytrisque fuscis, pedibus obscure testa-
ceis ; thorace transverse, basi obsolete canaliculato ;
abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter, 5° et 6° parcius
punctatis. Long. | lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice 4-dentato.

H. celata, Er. Kiif. Brand, i. 335 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 122 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 320. Atheta dadopora,
Th. Sk. Col. ix. 283.

A small, but rather robust, obscure species, readily
distinguished from H. sericea, and its allies, by its more
densely punctured abdomen; broader than H. sordidula,
and not so flat or depressed. The antennae are moderately
stout, blackish, obscurely paler at the base, not thick-
ened after the sixth joint; joint two is longer than three,

238 Dr. Sharp^s Bevision of the

four scarcely broader than three^ nearly as long as broad,
five distinctly broader than four, from this to the tenth
the joints differ but little from one another, the breadth
of each is a little greater than its length ; the eleventh
joint is rather long, quite as long as the two preceding
together. The head is broad, a little narrower than the
thorax, pretty closely and finely but distinctly and rather
roughly punctured, sometimes with an indistinct impres-
sion on the disc. The thorax is a little narrower than
the elytra, its breadth about half as great again as its
length, the sides gently rounded, nearly as broad at the
anterior as at the posterior angles, closely and finely
but distinctly and rather roughly punctured, and with a
more or less distinct longitudinal channel in front of the
scutellum. The elytra are about a fourth longer than
the thorax, brownish or fuscous in colour, pretty closely
and distinctly punctured . The abdomen is black, pitchy
at the extremity, a little shining, segments two to four
are closely and distinctly punctured, fifth and sixth seg-
ments moderately closely punctured. The legs are
rather dirty yellow.

The hind margin of the upper plate of the seventh
abdominal segment is furnis'hed, in the male, with four
small teeth, one at each angle and two in the middle, of
these the external ones are the more distinct, the notch
separating the two middle ones is broad, but very
shallow.

Rare. I have found single specimens in two or three
localities near London.

Ohs. — I have examined a specimen of A. dadopora,
sent by Thomson to Mr. Crotch ; it is of this species.
Thomson considers {vide loc. cit.) that Erichson^s de-
scription of H. celata probably refers to Kraatz^s H. nigra.
In this suspicion he is not improbably correct, but I
think it better not to change the names, until the ques-
tion is put beyond doubt by the examination of Erich-
son's specimens.

130. Homalota sordidula.

Nigra, pedibus fuscis, opaca, confertim subtiliter punc-
tata ; antennis sat elongatis, articulo ultimo oblongo ; tho-
race leviter transverso, subtiliter canaliculate; abdomine
supra toto confertim subtiliter pvmctato. Long. | lin.

British Species of Homalota. 239

H. sordidula, Er. Kilf. Brand, i. 335 3 Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 123; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 296; Wat. Cat.; Athe-
ta sordidula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 91.

A small narrow species^ with pretty distinctly pointed
abdomen, and elongate terminal joint to the antenna;.
The antennae are long for the small size of the species,
black, the two basal joints sometimes obscurely pitchy,
not thickened after the fifth or sixth joint ; joints two and
three rather stout, two longer than three, four smaller
than any of the others, but little broader than three,
rather transverse^ fi^ve broader and longer than four,
from it to the tenth the length of each joint is nearly
equal to its breadth ; eleventh joint long, oblong, longer
than the two preceding. The head is small, distinctly
narrower than the thorax, much narrower than the elytra,
its sides a little straight behind the eyes, pretty closely
and finely but distinctly punctured, generally with an
indistinct longitudinal impression on the front part. The
thorax is a little narrower than the elytra, its breadth
about one-third greater than its length, finely and closely
punctured, and with a fine but distinct longitudinal chan-
nel in front of the scutellum. The elytra are about a
fourth longer than the thorax, closely and finely punc-
tured. The abdomen is distinctly narrowed towards the
apex, its upper surface closely and finely and evenly
punctured, the pubescence dense. The legs are pitchy-
yellow.

The male is scarcely to be distinguished from the female.

In dung, both in England and Scotland, but apparently
scarce or overlooked.

131. Homalota canescens.

Nigra, opaca, pedibus fuscis, confertim punctata; an-
tennis articulis 5-10 transversis; thorace transverse, sub-
tiliter canaliculato ; abdomine supra toto confertim sub-
tiliter punctato. Long. | lin.

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali apice obsolete
4-dentato.

Allied to H. sordidida, broader and more parallel, with
the antennae, especially the terminal joint, shorter, the
thorax shorter, and the punctuation throughout not quite
so close and fine. The antennae are blackish, of moderate

240 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

length and stoutness, but indistinctly thickened towards
the apex ; joint three shorter and ruore slender than two,
narrowed towards the base, four smaller than the others,
about as broad as three, nearly as long as broad, five to ten
differing but little from one another in length, each one
slightly broader than its predecessor, the breadth of each
evidently greater than its length ; eleventh joint rather
stout, a little pointed, about as long as the two preceding
together. The head is rather broad, a little narrower
than the thorax, finely but distinctly and rather roughly
punctured, generally with a longitudinal impression on
the disc. The thorax is but little narrower than the ely-
tra, its breadth more than half as great again as its length,
closely and finely but distinctly punctured, and with a
short, not very distinct, channel in front of the scutel-
lum. The elytra are fully one-third longer than the thorax,
closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is scarcely
narrowed towards the apex, finely, evenly, and closely
punctured. The legs are pitchy-yellow.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four small
indistinct equidistant teeth, which are placed much as
in H. celata, but are smaller.

Rare. Thornhill, Brockenhurst, Weybridge, Croydon.
In dung, I believe.

Obs. — This species is readily distinguished from H. ce-
lata by its smaller size, more depressed form, darker
colour, and more closely punctured apical segments of
the abdomen.

Group XX. 82Jec{es of moderate size, ahdomen slightly
or moderately narrowed towards the apex, thorax scarcely
or moderately narrowed toivards the front.

(Species 132—142) .

A tolerably natural group, which might, however, be
subdivided into several others. H. marcida, intermedia,
and cadaverina, are found in moss and vegetable matter;
the other species frequent dung, and cinnamoptera is often
found in small carcases.

132. Homalota Tnarcida.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis piceis, pilosellis, basi pedi-
busque testaceis, elytris fuscis ; thorace leviter transverso,

British Species of Hotiialota. 241

basi foveolato ; elytris hoc sesqui longioribus ; abdomine
apicem versus vix angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 parce
subtiliter punctatis, 5° et 6° fere leevigatis ; tibiis poster-
ioribus intus evidenter ciliatis. Long, l^-lf lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine posteriore
obsolete incrassato, ventrali medio obtuse acuminato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali margine poster-
iore obsolete emarginato, fere truncate, ventrali late ro-
tundato, dense subtiliter ciliato.

H. marcida, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 328 ; Gen. et Spec. Staph.
106; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 298; Wat. Cat.

A peculiar species, scarcely to be confounded with any
others, and in many respects resembling H. occulta and
its allies. The antennae are long, scarcely thickened to-
wards the apex, brownish, with the three or four basal
joints yellow, furnished throughout their length with
longish, very fine, outstanding hairs; the first joint is
stout, with a long conspicuous seta on its upper side ;
joints two and three are rather long, three a little longer
than two, four and five a little stouter than three, each
longer than broad, six to ten each about as long as broad;
eleventh joint scarcely so long as the two preceding.
The head is rather small, narrower than the thorax, nar-
rowed behind the eyes, which are a little prominent,
sparingly and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is dis-
tinctly narrower than the elytra, about a third broader
than long, a little narrowed behind, moderately closely
and finely but distinctly and roughly punctured, with a
few long outstanding hairs at the sides, and an indistinct
transverse impression in front of the scutellum. The
elytra are long and parallel, longer than broad, fully half
as long again as the thorax, of a brownish colour, distinct-
ly, rather roughly, and closely punctured. The abdomen
is shining, scarcely narrowed towards the apex, which is
often paler; segments two to four very sparingly and
finely punctured, the apical ones almost impunctate, the
sides and apex furnished with distinct outstanding hairs.
The legs are yellow, the middle tibise on the outside
about the middle with a distinct outstanding seta, the
posterior tibiae with a very small and indistinct seta in
the middle on the outside, on the inside finely but dis-
tinctly ciliate throughout their whole length, these cilia
are yellow, and about twelve in number.

242 Dr. Sharp's Bevlslon of the

In the male, the third joint of the antennae is more
densely furnished with fine outstanding hairs ; the dorsal
plate of the seventh abdominal segment is narrow, indis-
tinctly rounded at the apex, which is obscurely thickened,
and the under plate of the same segment is a little pro-
duced in the middle, so as to form an obtuse angle ; while
in the female, the ventral plate of the same segment is
broad and rounded, and furnished with closely-set fine
parallel cilia.

In England and Scotland, but never very common.

133. Homalota intermedia.

Subdepressa, antice sat nitida, sub tiliter punctata, tenui-
ter pubescens, nigra, antennarura basi obscure testacea,
elytris pedibusque testaceis ; thorace transversim sub-
quadrato; abdomine apicem versus attenuate, nitidulo,
segmentis 2-5 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 6° parce punc-
tate. Long. 1^-1 1 lin.

H. intermedia, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1852, p. 145;
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 301 ; Wat. Cat.; Atheta intermedia,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 95.

This species a good deal resembles H. xanthojjtera and
its allies, but has the abdomen distinctly narrowed to the
apex, and its segments more punctured. The antennae
are long and rather stout, scarcely thickened towards the
apex ; joints two and three long, three longer than two,
four about as stout as three, and little less than the other
joints, longer than broad, five to ten each about as long
as broad, ten, however, a little shorter than the others;
the eleventh joint is long, gently pointed, about as long
as the two preceding together. The head is narrower
than the thorax, but rather broad, finely and indistinctly
punctured. The thorax is rather large, a little narrower
than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides
nearly straight, a little rounded at the anterior angles,
finely and pretty closely punctured, with a small narrow
impression at the base in front of the scutellum. The
elytra are yellow, a little darker about the scutellum and
at tlie outsides, closely and finely punctured, about a
fourth longer than the thorax. The abdomen is black,
rather shining, distinctly narrowed towards the apex ;
segments two to five finely, evenly, and j^retty closely
punctured, the fifth rather more sparingly than the basal

British Species of Homalota. 243

ones, the sixth segment shining, and very sparingly punc-
tured ; the sides are rather sparingly furnished with out-
standing setge, the apex more distinctly. The legs are
bright yellow, the middle tibiae with a short indistinct
outstanding seta about the middle, the hinder ones with-
out any exserted seta.

The male has the ventral plate of the seventh abdomi-
nal segment narrower and longer than the female.

This species occurs sparingly in various parts of Scot-
land; Rannoch, Thornhill, Strath Cannich; also, but very
rarely, in the neighbourhood of London.

134. Homalota longicornis.

Subdepressa, nitidula, nigra, elytris pedibus anoque
brunneo-testaceis ; antennis elongatis, articulo quarto
transverso; abdomine supra confertim subtiliterpunctato;
tibiis intermediis et posticis setis exsertis longioribus.
Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali apice obsolete
emarginato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice ciliato,
medio emarginato.

Aleochara longicornis, Grav. Mon. 87; H. longicornis,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 129; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 302;
Wat. Cat.; Atheta longicornis, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 95.

A very distinct species ; the much developed, long an-
tennas, the yellowish elytra, the much pointed and thickly
punctured abdomen, and the very long exserted setae of
the tibiae are quite sufficient to distinguish it. The an-
tennae are long and stout, not thickened after the seventh
joint, nearly black, with the first joint pitchy, the
basal joints with distinct exserted hairs ; joint three con-
siderably longer than two, four much smaller than any of
the others, its length distinctly less than its breadth,
from five to ten each joint is distinctly longer than its
predecessor, the fifth not quite so long as broad, the tenth
longer than broad ; eleventh joint long, obtusely pointed,
quite half as long again as the tenth. The head is com-
paratively small, considerably narrower than the thorax,
black and shining, sparingly and finely punctured, but
with the pubescence distinct. The thoi^ax is scai-cely
narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as great

244 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

again as its length, the sides gently rounded, slightly nar-
rowed in front, rather finely and not closely punctured,
the pubescence rather long, the sides with a few distinct
long outstanding hairs. The elytra are brownish-yellow,
darker about the scutellum and towards the sides, closely
and rather strongly punctured, a little longer than the
thorax. The abdomen is black, strongly narrowed to-
wards the apex,which is pitchy, densely and evenly punc-
tured, the sides and apex with distinct outstanding hairs.
The legs are dark yellow, with the femora infuscate, the
middle and posterior tibise each with two long exserted
hairs, one a little below the knee, the other a little be-
yond the middle, they are also pretty closely furnished
with short cilia both on the inner and outer sides.

In the male, the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh
abdominal segment is indistinctly emarginate, the ventral
plate rounded.

In the female, the ventral plate has the hind margin
furnished with short parallel cilia, and is distinctly emar-
ginate in the middle.

Extremely abundant in dung, all over the country.

135. Homalota macrocera.

Nigra, sat nitida, crebre subtiliter punctata, elytris
fuscis, pedibus piceo-testaceis ; antennis longioribus, arti-
culo ultimo oblongo, elongate ; thorace leviter transverse,
obsolete canaliculate ; abdomine apicem versus angustato,
supra segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° minus
crebre, 6° parce punctate. Long. 1 lin.

H. macrocera, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 106;
Atheta macrocera, Th. Sk. Col, iii. 96.

A rather narrow species, with evidently pointed abdo-
men. Antennae rather long, not (or scarcely) thickened
towards the apex; joints two and three of about the same
length, four smaller than five, longer than broad, five to
nine differing but little from one another in length and
breadth, each distinctly longer than broad, ten about as
long as broad; eleventh joint elongate, oblong, quite as
long as the two preceding together. The head is a little
narrower than the thorax, pretty closely and finely but
distinctly and rather roughly punctured, sometimes with
an indistinct channel. The thorax is a little narrower

British Species of Homalota. 245

than the elytra, about a third broader than long, the sides
gently rounded, scarcely narrower at the anterior than at
the posterior angles, the sides with a few fine outstanding
setae, pretty closely and finely punctured, with a fine
longitudinal channel in front of the scutellum, varying
in length and distinctness. The elytra are but little
longer than the thorax, of an obscure fuscous colour,
closely and finely punctured. The abdomen is strongly
narrowed to the apex, black, the apex sometimes obscure-
ly paler; segments two to four pretty closely and finely
punctured, fifth segment more sparingly but distinctly
punctured, sixth very sparingly punctured ; the sides and
apex, as well as the hind margins of the segments, with
numerous distinct outstanding black setae. The legs are
dirty yellow, the middle and hinder tibiae with a distinct
outstanding seta on the middle.

I have found this species in numbers, in dung, near
Thornhill, and rarely in other parts of Scotland, but
never in England.

Obs. — This is not very closely allied to any other species.

136. Homalota cadaverina.

Lata, subdepressa, nigra, antice parum nitida ; thorace
transverse, basi vix foveolato; elytris hoc distinctius
punctatis ; abdomine nigerrimo, nitidulo, supra seg-
mentis 2-4 parce punctatis, 5° et 6° fere laevigatis ; pedi-
bus rufis, femoribus piceis. Long. 1^ lin.

Var. — Elytris fuscis.

H. cadaverina, Bris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. 1860, p. 341.

A fine and distinct species, broader than the others of
this group, the head especially being broad. The an-
tennae are black, moderately long, rather slender, but
little thickened towards the apex; joints two and three
long and rather slender, two a little the longer; of the
following joints the first three or four are longer than
broad, the subsequent ones but little broader than long",
the penultimate one being scarcely transverse; eleventh
joint moderately long, rather pointed, about as long as
the two preceding together. The head is broad, but
distinctly narrower than the thorax, sparingly and indis-
tinctly punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than
the elytra, not quite twice as broad as long, the sides

246 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

slightly rounded, scarcely narrower at the anterior than
at the posterior angles, finely and rather sparingly punc-
tured, sometimes with a fine indistinct longitudinal
channel, the sides with two or three short exserted setae.
The elytra are about a fourth longer than the thorax,
closely, rather strongly, somewhat rugulosely punctured,
their punctuation much stronger than that of the thorax.
The abdomen is black and shining, pretty distinctly nar-
rowed towards the apex, segments two to four sparingly
punctured, fifth segment very sparingly and finely punc-
tured, sixth segment nearly impunctate; the sides and
apex furnished with numerous distinct outstanding hairs.
The legs are reddish, the thighs pitchy, tibiae without
exserted setae, the posterior ones rather long and slender,
their tarsi long and pointed.

The male is only to be distinguished from the female
by the narrower and more produced ventral plate of the
seventh abdominal segment.

I have found one or two specimens of this species near
London, and have obtained a fine series, from heaps of
cut grass, at Thornhill.

Ohs. — I have compared these specimens with M.
Brisout's type of H. cadaverina, and find they agree in
all points with it.

137. Homalota Imvana.

Nigra, sat nitida, elytris brunneis, pedibus testaceis ;
thorace transverso, elytris angustiore; abdomine apicem
versus minus fortiter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat
crebre punctatis, 5° parce punctato, 6° fere laevigato.
Long. li-H liii-

Mas; abdomine segment© 7° dorsali apice leviter
emarginato, utrinque denticulis 2 subapproximatis.

H. Icevana, Muls. Opusc. i. 39; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii.
306.

Resembles both H. cinnamoptera and atramentaria ;
distinguished from the former by the antennae stouter
towards the apex, the head thorax and elytra more
shining and less densely punctured, the abdomen less
narrowed towards the apex and more sparingly punc-
tured ; from H. atratnentaria by the stouter antennae, uni-
colorous brown elytra, pale legs, and narrower thorax.

British Species of Homalota. 247

The antennae are of moderate length and stoutness,
slightly but distinctly thickened towards the apex,
pitchy-black, with the basal joints scarcely lighter; first
joint stout, two and three of about equal length, four
smaller than the others, scarcely broader than three,
about as long as broad, the length of the following joints
differs but little from their breadth, the two or three
penultimate joints a little transvei'sej eleventh joint
rather long, longer than the two preceding together.
The head is rather broad, a little narrower than the
thorax, sparingly and moderately finely punctured,
rounded behind the eyes, sometimes with a small impres-
sion on the disc. The thorax is distinctly narrower than
the elytra, about a third broader than long', the sides
gently rounded in front, little narrowed behind, so that
it is about as broad at the anterior as at the posterior
angles, moderately closely and finely punctured, the
sides with a few outstanding setae, sometimes with a
short channel in front of the scutellum, sometimes quite
un channelled. The elytra are brownish, one-third longer
than the thorax, pretty closely and finely and somewhat
rugulosely punctured, their pubescence (as well as that of
the head and thorax) rather long. The abdomen is
black, pretty distinctly narrowed towards the apex,
which is sometimes pitchy, segments two to four are dis-
tinctly and not very closely punctured, fifth segment more
sparingly punctured, sixth nearly impunctate ; the sides
and apex furnished distinctly with outstanding hairs.
The legs are yellow, the middle and posterior tibiae are
furnished each with two fine projecting setae, of which
the one nearer the knee is distinctly the shorter.

In the male, the hind margin of the upper plate of
the seventh segment is distinctly emarginate in the
middle, the lateral margin projects on each side as a
short broad tooth, and on the inner side of this, and only
separated from it by an obscure notch, is another similar
tooth.

Scarce. Rannoch, Inverness, Brighton, Croydon. It
occurs in dung, and is, perhaps, commoner than is sup-
posed.

138. Homalota cinnamoptera.

Nigra, antice subopaca, elytris obscure brunneis, pedi-
bus testaceis ; thorace transverso, basi leviter canalicu-

248 Br. Sharp's Revision of the

lato ; abdomine apicem versus evidenter angustato, supra
segraentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter punctatis, 5° parcius,
6° parce punctate. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice vix emar-
ginatOj fere truncato, angulis externis acutis.

H. cinnamoptera, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 105 ;
Atheta cinnamoptera, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 93. H, suhrugosa,
Wat. Cat.

A species with rather long antennae, somewhat spar-
ingly furnished with exserted hairs, its head and thorax
with a dull almost brassy appearance, the elytra of a dull
brownish colour. The antennee are longer than the head
and thorax, scarcely thickened toward the apex, of a
blackish colour, obscurely pitchy at the base ; joints two
and three rather long, three a little the longer, four to
nine as long as or rather longer than broad, ten scarcely
shorter than broad; eleventh joint rather long, about as
long as the two preceding together. Head narrower
than the thorax, rather broad in proportion to its length,
rounded behind the eyes, rather convex above, dull,
finely and pretty closely but distinctly, even rather
roughly, punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than
the elytra, its breadth about half as great again as its
length, the sides a little narrower at the anterior than at
the posterior angles, the sides gently rounded in front,
then nearly straight behind, distinctly, moderately closely,
rather roughly punctured, the sides with two or three
exserted hairs, with a fine longitudinal channel in the
middle in front of the scutellum, sometimes extending
the whole length of the thorax, sometimes only half-way.
The elytra are of an obscure brownish colour, about one-
third longer than the thorax, rather finely but distinctly,
closely and somewhat rugulosely punctured. The abdo-
men is black and shining, distinctly narrowed towards
the apex, segments two to four finely and rather closely
punctured, fifth segment rather more sparingly punc-
tured, sixth very finely and sparingly punctured, the
sides and apex furnished with distinct rather long out-
standing set«. The legs are yellow ; the middle and
posterior tibiae furnished each with two fine exserted
setge, one short, just below the knee, the other longer, a
little more than half-way down.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment has the external angles more
acute than in the female.

British Species of Homalota. 249

Tolerably common in vegetable refuse^ and in carcases,
in Scotland. I have also found it, very rarely, in the
neighbourhood of London.

Ohs. — Thomson has suggested that H. putrida, Kr., is
a synomym of this species ; I do not know H. putrida,
but in any case, Thomson's name has the priority. •

139. Homalota villosula.

Nigerrima, sat fortiter punctata ; antennis apicem versus
leviter incrassatis ; thorace transverso ; abdomine apicem
versus minus fortiter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat
crebre, 5° et 6° parce punctatis ; pedibus piceis, tarsis
geniculisque dilutioribus. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio producto,
apice truncato, utrinque spina tenui armato; ventrali
apice leviter rotundato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali medio late sub-
emarginato, utrinque denticulo brevi instructor ventrali
margine posteriore ciliato, medio minus evidenter ex-
cise.

H. villostda, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 305; Wat. Cat.

Of a deep black colour, with the exception of the ab-
domen but little shining. The antennse are black, mo-
derately stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex ;
joints two and three not slender, of about equal length,
four to ten each a little broader than its predecessor, the
first of them as long as broad, the latter ones only
slightly transverse, the tenth being a little longer than
the ninth; eleventh joint rather stout, gently pointed,
about as long as the two preceding together. The head
is rather small, distinctly smaller than the thorax, spar-
ingly but rather roughly punctured. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, its breadth about half as
great again as its length, a little narrower at the anterior
than at the posterior angles, pretty distinctly and not
closely punctured, with an indistinct impression in front
of the scutellum, and at the sides with a few outstanding
setee. The elytra are about a third longer than the
thorax, closely and strongly punctured, the pubescence
rather long. The abdomen is black and shining, but
little narrowed except at the apical segments, segments
two to four distinctly, moderately, sparingly punctured.

250 Dr. Sharp^s Fevision of the

fifth and sixth finely and sparingly punctured, the sides
and apex with distinct outstanding hairs. The legs are
pitchy, the knees and tarsi reddish; the four posterior
tibias are furnished each with two distinct long setse, the
lower ones being especially long ; the posterior tarsi are
stout. and pointed, and the hairs with which they are
furnished are conspicuous.

In the male, the dorsal plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is truncate in the middle, and the lateral mar-
gin is produced behind as a long fine spine, reaching
only a little beyond the broad truncate middle part,
from which it is separated by a distinct space ; the pos-
terior margin of the ventral plate is gently rounded.

In the female, the hind margin of the upper plate is
broadly and obsoletely emarginate in the middle, the lateral
margin projects a little on each side as a short sharp tooth ;
the hind margin of the ventral plate is furnished with
black cilia, and is somewhat excised in the middle.

In dung, generally distributed, but not very abundant.
Apparently commoner in Scotland than in England.

Ohs. — Whether H. nigripes, Th., is synonymous with
this species is not certain, though it is probable from
his description.

140. Homalota atramentaria.

Antice nigro-subgenea, subnitida, abdomine nitidulo
nigerrimo, pedibus piceis ; thorace transverse ; abdomine
apicem versus vix angustato, segmentis 2-4 sat parce
punctatis, 5° parcius punctate, 6° fere lasvigato. Long.
U-li lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio levi-
ter emarginato, utrinque margine laterali acuto.

Fern. J abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio
emarginato.

Var. — Elytris disco plus minusve rufescentibus.

Aleochara atramentaria, Gyll. Ins. Suec. ii. 408 ; H.
atramentaria, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. Ill; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 303 ; Wat. Cat. ; Atheta atramentaria, Th.
Sk. Col. iii. 92.

This species is remarkable by the peculiar dull brassy
lustre of the head, thorax, and elytra. The antennae are
blackish, with the basal joint pitchy, a little thickened

British Species of Homalota. 251

towards the apex, and furnished throughout pretty dis-
tinctly with exserted hairs; joints two and three of about
equal length, four to ten each slightly broader than its
predecessor, four to six each as long as, or a little longer
than broad, seven to ten slightly broader than long;
eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding toge-
ther. The head is narrower than the thorax, not large,
sparingly and indistinctly punctured. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, about a third broader
than long, the sides nearly straight, about as broad at the
anterior as at the posterior angles, moderately closely and
finely punctured, at the sides with two or three outstand-
ing hairs, in front of the scutellum with an indistinct
transverse impression. The elytra are about a third long-
er than the thorax, their colour either entirely dull brassy,
or more or less distinctly reddish, moderately closely and
indistinctly, somewhat rugulosely punctured. The abdo-
men is black and shining, scarcely narrowed towards the
apex ; segments 2-4 finely and sparingly punctured, fifth
segment still more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly im-
punctate, the outstanding hairs of the sides and apex not
very marked. The legs are pitchy, the femora generally
a little darker than the tibia3; the middle and posterior
tibiae each with two fine short exserted setsB.

In the male, the middle of the hind margin of the
seventh segment of the abdomen is a little emarginate in
the middle, on each side of the emargination it is some-
what rounded, and the lateral margin projects somewhat
as a short tooth, not easy to see.

In the female, the hind margin of the corresponding
plate is a little emarginate in the middle.

Extremely abundant, in dung, in the most varied
localities and situations, from the coasts to the tops of
the mountains.

141. Homalota setigera.

Nigra, nitidula, elytris nigro-piceis, pedibus piceis,
crebre sat fortiter punctata ; antennis apicem versus
leviter incrassatis, articulis 7-10 transversis; thorace
leviter transverse, antice hand compresso; abdomine
apicem versus subangustato, supra segmentis 2-4 sat
parce punctatis, 5° parcius punctate, 6° fere laevigato.
Long. 1 lin.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART III. (jTTNB) . T

252 Dr. Sharp's Bevision of the

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-
teriore rotundato.

Fern. ; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ex-
ciso.

Smaller than If . atramentaria, the anterior parts blacker
and more shining, the antennae shorter and more thick-
ened towards the apex. The antennae are black, the
basal joint pitchy; they are distinctly thickened towards
the apex, and furnished throughout with exserted hairs
much as in H. atramentaria; joints two and three mo-
derately long, three scarcely so long as two, four to ten
each a little broader than its predecessor, of four and
five the length differs little from the breadth, the fol-
lowing joints gradually more transverse, the penulti-
mate ones distinctly transverse ; the eleventh joint
is rather long, quite as long as the two preceding
together. The head is of moderate size, a little narrower
than the thorax, its punctuation moderately close, and
rather rough. The thorax is distinctly narrower than
the elytra, about one-third broader than long, the sides
gently rounded in front, then slightly narrowed behind,
not narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,
rather closely and strongly punctured, the sides with a
few exserted setse. The elytra are about a third longer
than the thorax, pitchy-black or pitchy, pretty closely
and strongly punctured. The abdomen is black and
shining*, moderately narrowed towards the apex, seg-
ments two to four distinctly but not closely punctured,
fifth segment more sparingly punctured, sixth nearly
impunctate, the sides and apex furnished distinctly with
outstanding setae. The legs are pitchy, the four posterior
tibiae with two fine, rather short, exserted setae.

In the male, the upper plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is without any peculiar structure, and the hind
margin of the under plate is gently rounded ; while in
the female this plate is distinctly excised in the middle^
and the hind margin ciliate.

Generally distributed, in dung, but not very common.

Obs. — This species is confounded in collections both
with H. atramentaria and S. parva. I have mentioned
above, characters which will distinguish it from the
former. From H. parva, its more thickened antennae,
broader head, less transverse thorax (which is also less
narrowed in front) , rather more sparing punctuation, and
the shorter lower setae of its tibiae, distinguish it.

British Species of Homalota, 253

142. Homalota parva.

Nigra, nitidula, crebre punctata, et distincte pubes-
cens ; thorace transverse, basi obsolete canaliculato ; pedi-
bus piceis; abdomine apicem versus sat fortiter attenuate,
segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et 6° parcius punctatis. Long.
1 lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali margine pos-
teriore rotundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio
exciso.

Aleochara parva, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 380 ; H. parva,
Wat. Cat. H. cauta, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 122; Kr.
Ins. Deutsch. ii. 318; Atheta cauta, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 91.

A small, black, and shining species, with rather rough
punctuation and pubescence. The antennae are mo-
derately long, not stout, but slightly thickened towards
the apex ; joints two and three moderately long, slender,
three scarcely so long as two, four about as long as broad,
the following ones slightly transverse, the tenth scarcely
more so than the sixth; eleventh joint gently pointed,
quite as long as the two preceding together. The head
is rather small, a little narrower than the thorax, much
narrower than the elytra, pretty closely and distinctly
punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than the
elytra, its breadth not half as great again as its length, the
sides are gently rounded, and it is a little narrower at
the anterior than at the posterior angles ; it is moderately
closely and finely, rather roughly punctured, the sides
with distinct outstanding hairs ; in front of the scutellum
with a short indistinct channel. The elytra are black or
pitchy, a little longer than the thorax, closely and mo-
derately finely punctured. The abdomen is black, dis-
tinctly narrowed towards the apex, segments two to four
distinctly and pretty closely, fifth segment more sparingly,
sixth very sparingly, punctured ; the outstanding setse of
the sides and apex are distinct. The legs are pitchy, the
four posterior tibiae each with two fine exserted setae, of
which the lower one is considerably the longer.

In the male, the upper and under plates of the seventh
abdominal segment are without any particular structure,
while in the female the hind margin of the under plate is
ciliate, and excised in the middle.

Very common, in dung, as well as in other situations,
all over the country.

254 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Group XXI. — Thorax strongly narrowed to the front;

abdomen strongly pointed and thickly punctured.

(Species 143—148) .

If H. melanaria be excepted, the species herein con-
tained form a natural group ; melanaria^ occurs in vege-
table refuse ; testudinea, aterrima, and pilosiventris in
dung; pygmcea and muscorum, often among moss and
leaves.

143. Homalota melanaria.

Nigra, opaca, dense subtiliter et sequaliter punctata;
antennis sat validis, piceis, pedibus elytrisque testaceis,
his circa scutellum infuscatis ; thorace transversim con-
vexiusculo, eequali; abdomine apicem versus angustato,
dense sequaliter punctato. Long. 1| lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsoletis-
sime emarginato, ventrali angusto, producto.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice obsolete,
ventrali evidenter, emarginato.

Aleochara melanaria, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 389; Gopro-
thassa melanaria, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 34. H. lividipennis,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 129; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 311.
H. sordida, Wat. Cat.

A fine large species, with bright yellow elytra, having a
triangular black patch about the scutellum. The antennae
are rather long and stout, slightly thickened towards the
apex, of a pitchy colour; joint three longer than two,
four a little broader than three, shorter and narrower
than the succeeding ones, slightly transverse, joints five
to ten each a little longer and broader than its prede-
cessor, each about as long as broad; the eleventh joint
is elongate, pointed, longer than the two preceding to-
gether. The head is broad and short, much narrower
than the thorax, convex above, closely and finely punc-
tured. The thorax is, at the base, as broad as the elytra,
transversely arched, its breadth fully half as great
again as its length, the sides rounded, a little narrower at
the anterior than at the posterior angles, closely and
finely, very regularly, punctured, with a short dense
regular pubescence. The elytra are about a fourth
longer than the thorax, of a clear yellow colour, with a
triangular black patch about the scutellum, the point of

British Species of Homalota. 255

which extends almost to the apex of the elytra, closely
and finely punctured. The abdomen is narrowed towards
the apex, black, with the extremity paler, and on the
under side the margins of the segments brownish, closely
finely and evenly punctured, the sixth segment a little
more sparingly than the basal ones, densely pubescent,
the sides and apex as well as the posterior margins of
the segments furnished with longer outstanding black
hairs. The legs are yellow, the middle tibiae with a dis-
tinct stout exserted black seta in the middle, the pos-
terior tibiae without any seta.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh segment of the abdomen is indistinctly emargi-
nate, the under plate of the same segment is a little
produced in the middle.

In the female, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of
the seventh segment is a little emarginate, the under
plate is pretty deeply excised in the middle, the hind
margin furnished with pale, closely set, fine, parallel
cilia.

Very abundant in vegetable refuse all over England
and Scotland.

Ohs. — Thomson has reversed the sexes of this species.

144. Homalota testudinea.

Nigra, pedibus elytrisque' testaceis, his circa scutellum
infuscatis, crebre fortiter ruguloso-punctatis ; thorace
transverse, convexiusculo, asquali ; abdomine apicem ver-
sus fortiter angustato, supra crebre distinctius (segmento
6° parcius) punctate. Long. l^-H liii-

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio ro-
tundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio
leviter emarginato.

H. testudinea, Er. Gen, et Spec. Staph. 131 ; Coprothas-
sa testudinea, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 35. H. melanaria, Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 312; Wat. Cat.

A very distinct species, allied on the one hand to H.
mielanaria, on the other to H. aterrima ; distinguished from
the former by its smaller size, darker colour, stronger

256 Di'. Sharp's Revision of the

punctuation, and less developed antennae ; from H. aterri-
TTia by its larger size, stouter antennae, coarser punctua-
tion, and differently coloured elytra. The antennae are
of moderate length and stoutness, but little thickened
towards the apex, black, with the basal joint pitchy, dis-
tinctly pilose ; joints one and two stout, three longer and
more slender than two, four to six each about as long as
broad, seven to ten each a little shorter than broad;
eleventh joint as long as the two preceding together.
The head is broad and short, moderately closely and dis-
tinctly punctured. The thorax is ample, as broad as, or
broader than the elytra, nearly half as broad again as long,
transversely convex, the sides rounded, distinctly nar-
rower at the anterior than at the posterior angles, with-
out exserted setae at the sides, shining, closely and
distinctly punctured. The elytra are but little longer
than the thorax, of a livid yellow colour, with a large
triangular common black patch, and with the sides also
darker, rather strongly and closely, somewhat rugulosely
punctured. The abdomen is strongly narrowed towards
the apex, closely and distinctly punctured, the sixth seg-
ment more sparingly than the basal ones, the pubescence
is depressed and pretty dense, the outstanding black
setae of the sides, apex, and margins of the segments
long and numerous. The legs are pitchy- testaceous, the
middle and posterior tibias each with a distinct exserted
seta.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh abdominal
segment is narrow at the apex and rounded.

In the female, it is broader, furnished with distinct
short, black, parallel cilia, and rather broadly and not
deeply emarginate in the middle.

In dung, not very abundant. I have never found it in
Scotland.

145. Homalota aterrima.

Nigra, subopaca, confertim subtHissime punctata, pedi-
bus piceo-testaceis ; antennis sat elongatis, articulis hand
transversis ; thorace transverse, aequali, vel subtiliter ca-
naliculate; abdomine apicem versus angustato, supra
dense subtilissime punctate. Long. Ij lin.

Aleochara aterrima, Grav. Micr. 83 ; H. aterrima, Er.
Gen. et Spec. Staph. 133; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 313; Wat.
Cat. ; Acrotona aterrima, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 36.

British Species of Homalota. 257

A dark- coloured, somewhat broad species, with strongly-
pointed abdomen, rather long and slender antennae, and
dense and fine punctuation. The antennae are a little
longer than the head and thorax, black, scarcely thick-
ened towards the apex; joints two and three rather elon-
gate, of about equal length, three rather the finer, four
distinctly longer than broad, five to ten difiering but
little from one another in length and breadth, the first
of them longer than broad, the last of them about as long
as broad ; eleventh joint pointed, rather long, as long as
the two preceding together. The head is rounded, con-
siderably narrower than the thorax, closely and finely
punctured. The thorax is, at the base, nearly as broad as
the elytra; its breadth nearly twice its length, the sides
rounded, narrower at the anterior than at the posterior
angles, closely and finely punctured, delicately and dis-
tinctly pubescent, sometimes with a fine central longitu-
dinal channel, sometimes unchannelled. The elytra are
black, or brownish-black, about a fourth longer than the
thorax, bi'oad, closely and finely punctured. The abdo-
men is strongly narrowed to the apex, densely, finely,
and evenly punctured, sixth segment more sparingly than
the basal ones ; furnished at the sides and apex with out-
standing black setae. The legs are pitchy-yellow, the
femora darker than the tibiae, the middle and posterior
tibiae furnished near the middle with a distinct outstanding
seta, the basal joint of the posterior tarsi but little longer
than the second.

Very abundant, all over the country, in various situa-
tions.

146 . Homalota pygmma.

Nigro-fusca, subopaca, elytris fuscis, antennarum basi
pedibusque testaceis, confertim subtilissime punctata;
thorace leviter transverse, convexiusculo, sequali; abdo-
mine apicem versus angustato, supra dense subtilissime
punctate; tarsis posticis articulo basali elongate. Long.
1 lin.

Aleochara pygmcea, Grav. Micr. 86; H. pygmwa, Kr.
Ins. Deutsch. ii. 314; Wat. Cat. Acrotona ohfuscata,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 36. H. aterrima, var., Er. Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 133.

Var. — Antennarum thoracis elytrorumque colore plus
minusve dilutiore.

258 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

This species more resembles an Oxypoda than does
any other of this genus; its punctuation, and the struc-
ture of the posterior tarsi, closely imitate the same parts
in Oxypoda, nevertheless pygmoea is a true Homalota.
The antennge are moderately long, pitchy-black, two or
three basal joints obscurely yellow, a little thickened to-
wards the apex; joints two and three rather long and
slender, of about equal length, four to seven each
longer than broad, eight to ten about as long as broad ;
eleventh joint rather long, gently pointed, about as long
as the two preceding together. The head is smaller than
the thorax, rounded, a little narrowed to the front,
blackish, not shining, the palpi obscurely yellowish,
closely and very finely punctured, pubescence distinct
but very fine. The thorax is, at the base, as broad as
the elytra, its breadth about one-third greater than its
length, the sides gently rounded and distinctly narrowed
towards the front, transversely convex, very finely and
closely punctured, and delicately pubescent. The elytra
are brownish or obscurely blackish, about a fourth longer
than the thorax, densely and finely punctured. The
abdomen is strongly pointed at the apex, finely and
densely punctured, the apical segments a little more
sparingly than the basal ones, the margins of the seg-
ments generally, the apex always, more or less distinctly
paler, the sides and apex furnished with outstanding
black setse. The legs are yellow, the basal joint of the
posterior tarsi as long as, or longer than, the two succeed-
ing ones, the exserted seta of the posterior tibise is
absent, or rather so small as to escape observation.

Pretty generally distributed in England and Scotland,
but not abundant. The light-coloured form seems to be
the common one in the South, while the dark form is the
only one I have found in Scotland.

Ohs. — Thomson considers this species to be the Aleo-
chara ohfuscata of Gravenhorst, but I agree with Kraatz
that it is rather Gravenhorst^s A. pygmcea ; though it is
difficult to speak with any certainty, I should consider
Gravenhorst's A. ohfuscata rather applicable to S. pilo-
siventris, Th. In any case, the name pygmcea should be
adopted, for if the Gravenhorstian names be left out of
the question altogether, H. pygmcea, Kr., has priority
over H. ohfuscata, Th.

British Sjyecies of Homalota. 259

147. Homalota inuscorum.

Nigra, parum nitida, elytris nigro-fuscis, pedibus tes-
taceis, feraoribus obscurioribus, crebre subtiliter punctata ;
antennis articulis 7-10 leviter transversis; thorace leviter
transverse, convexiusculo, gequali; abdomine apicem
versus angustato, supra crebre apice vix parcius punc-
tate. Long. 1 lin.

H. muscorum, Bris. Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr. I860, p. 344.
H. pieties, Wat. Cat.

Antenna of moderate length and stoutness, a little
thickened towards the apex; joints two and three rather
long, two a little longer than three, four moderately
stout, four to six about as long as broad, seven to
ten each a little shorter than broad; eleventh joint
rather long and stout, about as long as the two
preceding together. The head is narrower than the
thorax, rounded, convex above, finely and moderately
closely punctured. The thorax is, at the base, a little
narrower than the elytra, its breadth about one-third
greater than its length, considerably narrower at the
anterior than at the posterior angles, transversely arched,
without channel or impression, closely and very finely
punctured, and delicately pubescent. The elytra are a
little longer than the thorax, of an obscure fuscous or
blackish colour, closely and finely punctured. The ab-
domen is distinctly narrowed towards the apex, finely
closely and evenly punctured, the sixth segment a little
more sparingly than the preceding ones ; the pubescence
is long, depressed, and distinct, the outstanding setae of
the sides and apex of moderate length. The legs are
yellowish, the femora pitchy, the outstanding setse of the
posterior tibiae small and indistinct.

Very abundant all over the country.

Obs. — This species is readily distinguished from H.
pygmcea, by its less elongate form, shorter concolorous
antennae, and shorter basal joint to the posterior tarsi.
H. pilosiventris is smaller, has a shorter thorax, with a fine
channel at the base, shorter antennee, and smaller head.
I have compared my specimens with M. Brisout's type
of H. muscorum, and find they agree in all respects.
Kraatz has stated that H. muscorum is identical with
H. stercoraria, Kr., but I cannot agree that M. Brisout^s
specimens accord with Kraatz's description of H. stereo-

260 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

raria. H. muscoruyn can, I think^ scarcely be wanting
in Germany, and it is possible that it has not been
separated by Kj-aatz from H. stercoraria, which would
account for the above confusion. It is the H. picipes of
Mr. Waterhouse's catalogue, but as another name exists,
I have not adopted Stephens's, his description being quite
valueless.

148. Homaloia pilosiventris.

Nigra, parum nitida, pedibus piceis, crebre punctata;
antennis articulis 4-10 leviter transversis; thorace trans-
verso, convexiusculo, basi leviter canaliculate ; abdomine
apicem versus fortiter angustato, crebre apice vix parcius
punctate. Long. 1 lin.

H. pilosiventris, Th. Ofv. Vet. Ac. Forh. 1856, p. 106;
Acrotona pilosiventris, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 38. H. stercoraria^
Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 319.

Antennte pitchy-black, rather short, moderately stout,
slightly thickened towards the apex ; joint three short, not
quite so long as two, distinctly narrowed towards the base,
four to ten a little transverse, four a little broader than
three, and five than four, after this but little difference
in the length and breadth till the eleventh, which is
rather large, about as long as the two preceding. The
head is rather small, distinctly narrower than the thorax,
much narrower than the elytra, moderately closely and
finely punctured. The thorax is a little narrower than
the elytra, more than half as broad again as long, distinctly
arched transversely, and narrower at the anterior than
at the posterior angles, closely and rather finely punc-
tured, always with a longitudinal channel in front of the
scutellum, sometimes short, and sometimes extending
the whole length of the thorax. The elytra are about
a third or fourth longer than the thorax, of a pitchy or
pitchy-black colour, moderately closely and distinctly
punctured. The abdomen is black, strongly narrowed
behind, pretty closely, evenly and densely punctured,
the apical segments a little more sparingly than the
basal ones; its pubescence is long, depressed and dis-
tinct, and the sides and apex are furnished pretty numer-
ously with black, rather rigid, long, outstanding hairs.
The legs are pitchy-yellow, the middle and posterior
tibiae furnished, on the outside, just below the knee,
with a rather stout distinct outstanding seta.

British Siiecies of Homalota. 261

Not common. I have found it in dung at Thornhill^
in the New Forest^ and near London.

Obs. — There is, in the British Museum, an insect sent
by Kraatz, as H. stercoraria ; it is in very bad condition,
but does not, I think, belong to this species. Never-
theless, I am pretty sure that the species above described
is Kraatz^s stercoraria, as his description is very good,
and applies thoroughly, with the exception of the pre-
liminary remarks, about which there appears to be some
confusion .

Group XXII. Abdomen distinctly narrowed totvards
the apex, thorax distinctly narrowed in front, apical seg-
ments of the abdomen sparingly, or not at all punctured.

(Species 149—157) .

This group also contains species differing in many
respects from one another, but associated in order to
facilitate reference. The species apparently all occur
among moss and leaves. H. cribrata appears to me a
species of which the affinities are but little marked ;
while H. notha is one of the most remarkable species of
the genus.

149. Homalota fusca.

Fusca, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque testa-
ceis, elytris anoque ferrugineis ; thorace transverso,
canaliculato ; abdomine supra segmentis 2-4 crebre,
b° et 6° parcius punctatis. Long. 1^ lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice evidenter
4-dentato.

Aleochara fusca, Sahl. Ins. Fenn. i. 371. S. vernacula,
Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 131 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 315;
Atheta vernacula, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 84. H. laticollis, Wat.
Cat.

Antennae yellow, more or less infuscate after the
third joint, moderately long, a little thickened towards
the apex, and furnished with fine exserted hairs ; joints
two and three moderately long, three a little longer and
more slender than two, four smaller than the others,
about as long as broad, five to seven each a little longer
than broad, eight to ten scarcely so long as broad j

262 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

eleventh joint rather stout^ gently pointed, scarcely so
long as the two preceding together. The head is con-
siderably narrower than the thorax, rather broad and
shorty black, closely and distinctly punctured, palpi
3^ellowish. The thorax is broad, at the base as broad as
the elytra, about twice as broad as long, the sides gently
rounded, a little narrower at the anterior than at the
posterior angles, of an obscure fuscous colour, a little
paler at the sides, closely and distinctly punctured, with
a central longitudinal channel, pubescence fine and short,
exserted setae at the sides almost none. The elytra are
about a third longer than the thorax, of a yellowish
colour, closely and pretty distinctly punctured. The
abdomen is distinctly narrowed towards the apex, and is
of a blackish colour with the extremity paler, segments
two to four closely and rather finely, five and six more
sparingly and finely, punctured; the outstanding setsa
at the sides not numerous. The legs are yellow, the
tibiae without exserted setse.

In the male, the hind margin of the dorsal plate of the
seventh abdominal segment is furnished with four dis-
tinct teeth ; they are about equidistant from one another,
the external ones rather finer and longer than the inner
ones, but the notch between the two inner ones is a
little the deeper.

In the female, the hind margin of the seventh seg-
ment is simple, both above and below.

Common, both in England and Scotland.

Obs. — It is stated, both by Kraatz and Thomson, that
the seventh ventral abdominal plate is emarginate in the
female of this species. This, however, I do not find to
be the case.

150. Homalota suhsinuata.

Nigra, parum nitida, elyti-is nigro-fuscis, pedibus
fuscis, ano obscure piceo ; capite minore, thorace duplo
angustiore; thorace transverse, subtiliter canaliculate,
transversim convexiusculo ; abdomine apicem versus
leviter angustato, supra segmentis 2-4 crebre distinctius,
6° et 6° parcius, punctatis. Long. 1-lj lin.

Mas; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice rotundato.

Fern.; abdomine segmento 7° ventrali apice medio
leviter emarginato.

British Species of Homalota. 263

H. suhsinuata, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 125; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 316. H. castanipes, Wat. Cat. Acrotona
fimetaria, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 37.

This species is distinguished amongst its allies by its
small head, the abdomen but little narrowed towards the
apex, and strongly and moderately closely punctured.
The antennae are blackish, with the first joint pitchy;
moderately short, not stout, a little thickened towards
the apex ; joints two and three moderately long, of about
equal length, four to ten each slightly broader than its
predecessor, of the first of them the length differs but
little from the breadth, and the last ones are but little
shorter than broad; the eleventh joint is rather stout,
about as long as the two preceding together. The head
is small and rounded, about half as broad as the thorax,
finely and moderately closely punctured. The thorax is,
at the base, about as broad as the elytra, about half as
broad again as long, distinctly narrower at the anterior
than at the posterior angles, pretty closely and finely
punctured, with a moderately distinct central longitudinal
channel, the exserted setas of the sides indistinct. The
elytra are about a fourth longer than the thorax, pitchy-
black or blackish, closely, moderately finely, and dis-
tinctly punctured. The abdomen is black and shining,
narrowed from behind the middle to the apex, which is
pitchy ; segments two to four are rather closely and dis-
tinctly punctured, five and six more finely and sparingly
punctured, the pubescence is distinct and rather rough,
the outstanding setae of the sides and apex rather
numerous, but not long. The legs are pitchy-yellow;
the middle tibiae each with a short seta in the middle,
posterior ones with the setae undeveloped.

In the male, the ventral plate of the seventh abdo-
minal segment is a little produced in the middle, while
in the female it is furnished with distinct black cilia,
and rather broadly and not deeply emarginate.

In England and Scotland, but not very common ;
generally found among moss and dead leaves, in the
spring.

151. Homalota pulchra.

Nigra, nitidula, antennis thoracis lateribus anoque
fuscis, pedibus elytrisque testaceis, his circa scutellum

264 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

angulisque apicis infuscatis ; thorace transverse ; abdo-
mine supra segmentis 2-4 minus crebre^ 5° et 6° parcius
punctatis. Long. Ij lin.

H. pulchra, Kr. Ins. Deutscb. ii. 321; Wat. Cat.

Antennae rather slender, of a dirty yellowish colour, a
little thickened towards the apex; first joint stout, two
and three of nearly equal length, four to ten differing
but little from one another in length, the first of them
longer than broad, the last scarcely so long as broad;
eleventh joint about as long as the two preceding to-
gether. The head is rather broad, considerably narrower
than the thorax, black and shining, indistinctly punc-
tured. The thorax is, at the base, about as broad as the
elytra, of a pitchy colour, a little paler at the sides, more
than half as broad again as long, a little narrower at the
anterior than at the posterior angles, sparingly punc-
tured, with a very indistinct impression at the base in
front of the scutellum, with a few short exserted setae at
the sides. The elytra are about a third longer than the
thorax, of a shining yellowish colour, with indistinct in-
fuscation about the scutellum and towards the external
angles, rather coarsely but shallowly punctured. The
abdomen is black and shining, moderately narrowed to-
wards the apex, which is pitchy or yellowish ; segments
two to four are rather sparingly but distinctly punctured,
five and six finely and very sparingly punctured, the
outstanding setae of the sides rather long and distinct.
Legs yellow ; tibiae without setae.

The male is only to be distinguished by the ventral
plate of the seventh segment of the abdomen being nar-
rowed, and rather more produced than in the female.

Rare. I have found it at Horning in Norfolk, in the
neighbourhood of London, and on the Braid Hills at
Edinburgh, in the early spring.

152. Homalota orhata.

Nigra, nitida, antennis nigro-fuscis, elytris brunneis,
pedibus testaceis ; thorace convexiusculo, transverse,
parce subtiliter punctate, et tenuissime pubescente;
abdomine segmentis 2-4 sat crebre, 5° et 6° parcius
punctatis. Long. 1^ lin.

British Species of Homalota. 265

B. orhata, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 339; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 132; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 322; Wat. Cat.;
Acrotona orhata, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 39.

Closely allied to H. fungi, but with darker antennge,
rather longer thorax, which is also more delicately punc-
tured and pubescent, and with brownish elytra. The
antennae are blackish or pitchy, pretty distinctly pilose,
slightly thickened towards the apex ; joints two and
three of about equal length, four rather longer than
broad, five to seven about as long as broad, eight to ten
scarcely transverse; eleventh joint moderately stout,
about as long as the two preceding together. The head
is rather small, much narrower than the thorax, black
and shining, very finely and indistinctly punctured. The
thorax is black, the sides sometimes pitchy, as broad as
the elytra, about one-half or one-third broader than long,
the sides rounded, narrower at the anterior than at the
posterior angles, transversely convex, very finely and
not closely punctured. The abdomen is black and
shining, narrowed towards the apex, which is sometimes
paler; segments two to four distinctly and pretty closely
punctured, five a little more sparingly, six sparingly
punctured ; the outstanding setge of the sides and apex
are numerous and distinct. The legs are yellow, the
tibiae without exserted setae.

The male is only to be distinguished by the ventral
plate of the seventh abdominal segment being narrower
and longer than in the female.

Rare ; and in this country found only in sandy places
on the coast. Deal, Weymouth, Aberlady, Arbroath.

153. Homalota fungi.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis pedibusque testaceis ; illis
sat tenuibus, subtiliter pilosellis, articulis hand trans-
versis ; capite thorace multo minore ; hoc transverse, con-
vexiusculo, asquali, vel obsolete canaliculate, elytrorum
fere longitudinis ; abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et
6° parcius punctatis. Long. \\ lin.

Var. — H. duhia. Antennis apicem versus subincras-
satis, articulo penultimo fere transverse ; thorace breviore.

Aleo char a fungi, Gvsbv. M-on. 157; H. fungi, Er. Gen.
et Spec. Staph. 131; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 321; Wat.
Cat. ; Acrotona fungi, Th. Sk. Col. iii. 38.

266 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

An obscurely coloured species, distinctly narrowed both
before and behind, and with the thorax largely developed
in proportion to the elytra. The antennae are yellowish,
scarcely at all thickened towards the apex, finely but dis-
tinctly pilose ; joints two and three moderately long, of
about equal length, four not so long as five, longer than
broad, five to ten differing but little from one another in
length or breadth; in the type, the length of each joint
is greater than its breadth, while in the var. dubia, the
penultimate joint is scarcely so long as broad; the eleventh
joint is rather long, gently pointed, as long as the two
preceding together. The head is small, much narrower
than the thorax, rounded, finely and indistinctly punc-
tured ; the palpi are dirty yellow. The thorax is as broad
as (almost broader than) the elytra, half as broad again as
long, transversely convex, the sides rounded, narrower
at the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely but not
closely punctured, with or without an obscure central
longitudinal channel, with a few short, indistinct, exserted
setse at the sides. The elytra are but little longer than
the thorax, blackish or pitchy-black, pretty closely and
distinctly but shallowly punctured, the apex on each side
sinuate at the external angles. The abdomen is black
and rather shining; segments two to four distinctly and
pretty closely punctured, fifth segment a little more fine-
ly and sparingly, sixth segment sparingly punctured ; the
outstanding sette of the sides and apex are distinct and
numerous. Legs yellow, posterior tibiee without exserted
setse.

The male is only to be distinguished from the female,
by the narrower and more produced apical part of the
ventral plate of the seventh abdominal segment.

Very common all over the country, in moss and dead
leaves.

Ohs. — The var. duhia has shorter antennte and thorax,
and on this account, I formerly considered it a variety of
H. clientula, but in colour and punctuation it agrees better
with H. fungi. It is more abundant than the type.

154. Homalota clientula.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennis pedibusque testaceis, elytris
anoque ferrugineis ; thorace transverse ; abdomine supra
segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5° et 6° parcius punctatis. Long.
1 lin.

British Species of Homa lota. 267

H. cUentula, 'Er . Gen. et Spec. Staph. 133; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 322; Wat. Cat.

Yery closely allied to H. fungi, and probably only a
variety of that species ; but smaller_, not so broad in the
middle^ the antennge in proportion to the size somewhat
stouter, the punctuation of the thorax and elytra rather
closer and finer, and the colour brighter. The sides of
the thorax are paler than the centre, the elytra are
yellowish or brownish, a little darker about the scutel-
lum, and the extremity of the abdomen is pitchy or yellow-
ish, as are also sometimes the margins of the segments.

Tolerably common, both in England and Scotland.

155. Homalota orphana.

Nigra, sat nitida, antennarum basi pedibusque obscure
testaceis, elytris nigro-fuscis ; thorace fortiter trans-
verso, convexiusculo, sequali ; elytris hoc longioribus ;
abdomine segmentis 2-4 crebre, 5" et 6° parcius punc-
tatis. Long. | lin.

H. orphana, Er. Kaf. Brand, i. 340 ; Gen. et Spec.
Staph. 133 ; Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 323 ; Acrotona orphana,
Th. Sk. Col. iii. 39.

Allied to H. fungi, but much smaller, and proportion-
ately broader and shorter. The antennae are pitchy,
paler at the base, distinctly thickened towards the apex ;
joint three nearly as long as two, but more slender, four
and five each about as long as broad, the following ones
slightly transverse ; eleventh joint nearly as long as the
two preceding together. The head is rather broad and
short, much narrower than the thorax, finely and indis-
tinctly punctured. The thorax is, at the base, about as
broad as the elytra, its breadth about twice its length,
narrower at the anterior than at the posterior angles,
finely and moderately closely punctured. The elytra are
about a third or fourth longer than the thorax, closely
and distinctly punctured. The abdomen is distinctly
narrowed towards the apex, segments two to four closely
and distinctly punctured, fifth segment rather more
sparingly punctured, sixth segment still more spar-
ingly punctured. Legs pitchy, tibiae without exserted
setge.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PAET III. (juNE) . IT

268 Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

Very rare ; single specimens have occurred at Ham-
mersmith Marshes, and elsewhere in the neighbourhood
of London.

156. Homalota crihrata.

Brevior, nigra, vix nitida, pedibus fusco-testaceis, con-
fertim evidenter punctata ; capite thorace multo minore,
hoc transverse ; abdomine apicem versus attenuate, supra
segmentis 2-4 crebre subtiliter, 5° et 6° sat parce punc-
tatis. Long. | lin.

H. crihrata, Kr. Ins. Deutsch. ii. 288.

A small species, distinguished by its short broad form,
with comparatively strong punctuation; narrowed both
before and behind. The antennae are pitchy-black, rather
short, not stout, distinctly thickened towards the apex;
joint two is stout, much longer and stouter than three,
four to ten each a little stouter than its predecessor, four
about as broad as three, nearly as long" as broad, five
slightly transverse, ten distinctly so ; the eleventh joint
is rather short, pointed, about as long as the two pre-
ceding. The head is rather broad in proportion to its
length, much narrower than the thorax, only half the
width of the elytra, closely, regularly, and distinctly
punctured, pubescence scarcely visible. The thorax is a
little narrower than the elytra, its breadth nearly twice
its length, the sides gently rounded, the base more dis-
tinctly so, a little narrower at the anterior than at the
posterior angles, closely and finely but distinctly punc-
tured, the pubescence short and indistinct. The elytra
are pitchy-black, a third or fourth longer than the thorax,
closely and distinctly punctured, the punctuation being
rather rugulose, their pubescence more distinct than that
of the head and thorax. The abdomen is broad, distinct-
ly narrowed to the apex ; segments two to four are closely
finely and distinctly punctured, fifth segment rather more
sparingly, sixth sparingly, punctured. Legs pitchy-
yellow.

I have seen only two or three specimens of this species,
one of which I captured myself near Croydon.

Ohs. — I have identified H. crihrata only by description,
it being apparently as rare abroad as in this country.
Kraatz remarks, that among the Erichsonian specimens

British Species of Homalota. 269

of H. inconspicua are two of this species ; the punctua-
tion of the head certainly resembles that of H. inconspicua,
but the sculpture of the elytra is very diflFerent. The
position of the species in the genus is not very easy
to determine.

157. Homalota notha.

Brevissima, fusca, antennarum basi pedibusque rufis^
distincte pubescens ; thorace brevi^ elytris hujus longi-
tudinis ; abdomine lateribus fere rotundatis^ supra parce
et obsolete punctato. Long. 1 lin.

Mas; elytris angulo suturali tuberculo elevate in-
structo ; abdomine segmento 7° dorsali apice medio
anguste emarginato.

R. notha, Er. Gen. et Spec. Staph. 126; Kr. Ins.
Deutsch. ii. 323.

The most discordant species of the genus ; very broad
and short,, and having the appearance of a Gyrophcena
as much as of a Homalota. The antennae are moderately
long, distinctly pilose, thickened towards the apex, the
basal joints reddish, the apical ones infuscate; joint
three finer and a little shorter than two, four also
slender, longer than broad, five about as long as broad,
the following ones transverse, the tenth distinctly trans-
verse; eleventh joint shorty stout and pointed, about
twice as long as the tenth. The head is broad, but much
narrower than the thorax, black and shining, indistinctly
but not altogether finely punctured. The thorax is
nearly as broad as the elytra, very short, more than
twice as broad as long, transversely convex, narrower at
the anterior than at the posterior angles, finely and in-
distinctly punctured, with rather long, distinct, some-
what scanty pubescence. The elytra are about as long
as the thorax, pretty closely and distinctly punctured,
pubescence distinct and rather long, the sides with a
few distinct outstanding sette. The abdomen is flat
above, dilated and convex beneath, the sides rounded
and furnished with outstanding setae, the margins of the
segments finely and indistinctly punctured and pubes-
cent. The legs are reddish-yellow, the tarsi rather
stout.

270

Dr. Sharp's Revision of the

In the male, each elytron is furnished at the apex,
close to the suture, with a distinct elevated tubercle;
the apex of the dorsal plate of the seventh segment of
the abdomen has a notch in the middle, and the hind
margin projects somewhat on each side of the notch.

Found, very rarely, by Mr. Brewer, on grassy banks,
at the sides of the Med way, near Chatham.

Obs. — I have seen this species alive, and find that it
not only simulates a Gyrophcena in appearance, but that
the abdomen is doubled up over the head when the insect
walks about, exactly as in Encephalus complicans.

INDEX.

Skction a. (p. 93).

Group I. (p. 94).
Group II. (p. 103).
Group III. (p. 109).
Group IV. (p. 117).
Group V. (p. 127).

Section B. (pp. 93, 138).

Group VI. (p. 138).
Group VII. (p. 142).

Section C. (pp. 93, 160).

Group VIII. (p. 160).
Group IX. (p. 165).

Skotion D. (pp. 93, 169).

Group X. (p. 169).
Group XI. (p. 174).
Group XII. (p. 180).

Section E. (pp. 93, 184).

Group XIII. (p. 184).
Group XIV. (p. 187).
Group XV. (p. 193).

Section F. (pp. 93, 216).

Group XVI. (p. 216).
Group XVII. (p. 225).

Section G. (pp. 93, 232).

Group XVIII. (p. 232).

Section H. (pp. 94, 234).

Group XIX. (p. 234).
Group XX. (p. 240).
Group XXI. (p. 254).
Group XXII. (p. 261).

British Species of Homalota.

Alphabetical List of 8p)ecies.

271

H. cegra, Heer, p. 164.
wneicollis, Sb., p. 189.
OBquata, Er., p. 152.
analis, Grav., p. 175.
anceps, Br., p. 232.
cmgusticollis, Th., p. 210.
angustula, Gyl., p. 153.
aterrimcb, Grav., p. 256.
atoma/ria, Kr., p. 214.
atramentaria, Gyl., p. 250.
atricolor, Sh., p. 230.
Auhei, Bris., p. 171.
autuirmalis, Er., p. 224.
holetoUa, Th., p. 202.
brunnea, Fab., p. 184.
cadcLverina, Bris., p. 245.
ccBsula, Er., p. 159.
cambrica, Woll., p. 100.
ccmescens, Sb., p. 239.
ca/rhona/ria, Sabl., p. 114.
cwvifrons, Sb., p. 177.
celata, Er., p. 237.
cinriamomea, Grav., p. 216.
cinnwmoptera, Tb., p. 247.
circella/ris, Grav., p. 160.
clavipes, Sb., p. 124.
cUentula, Er., p. 266.
confusa, Mark., p. 284.
coriaria, Kr., p. 204.
corvina, Tb., p. 212.
crassicornis, Gyl., p. 135.
cribrata, Kr., p. 268.
cribriceps, Sb., p. 166.
cv/rrax, Kr., p. 94.
curtipennis, Sb., p. 173.
cuspidata, Er., p. 168.
debilis, Er., p. 157.
decipiens, Sb., p. 179.
deformis, Kr., p. 159.
delicatula, Sb., p. 107.
dilaticornis, Kr., p. 220.
diversa, Sb., p. 201.
divisa, Mark., p. 208.
Eichoffi; Seri., p. 99.
elegantula, Bris., p. 161.
elongatula, Grav., p. 121.
erermta, Rye, p. 169.
exarata, Sb., p. 186.
excellens, Kr., p. 146.
exilis, Er., p. 180.
eximia, Sb., p. 103.
fallaciosa, Sb., p. 157.
fallax, Kr., p. 116.
fiavipes, Grav., p. 233.
fragilis, Kr., p. 104.
fmigi, Grav., p. 265.

H. fungicola, Tb., p. 199.
fungivora Tb., p. 144.
fusca, Sabl., p. 261.
gagatina, Bau., p. 206.
gemina, Er., p. 172.
germana, Sb., p. 235.
graminicola, Grav., p. 137.
grega/ria, Er., p. 126.
Halobrectha, Sb., p. 139.
hepatiea, Er., p. 186.
hodierna, Sb., p. 236.
hospita, Mark., p. 217.
hybrida, Sb., p. 196.
Ivygrotopora, Kr., p. 120.
ignobilis, Sh., p. 200.
imbecilla, Wat., p. 110.
immersa, Er., p. 165.
inccma, Er., p. 150.
incognita, Sb., p. 191.
indiscreta, Sb., p. 228.
indubia, Sb., p. 227.
inquinula, Grav., p. 231.
insecta, Tb.,-p. 97.
intermedia, Th., p. 242.
labilis, Er., p. 113.
IcevoAia, Muls., p. 246.
languida, Er., p. 95.
linearis, Grav., p. 154.
littorea, Sh., p. 109.
londinensis, Sb., p. 118.
longicornis, Grav., p. 243.
longula, Heer, p. 105.
luridipennis, Man., p. 117.
luteipes, Er., p. 111.
macrocera, Tb., p. 244.
ma/rcida, Er., p. 240.
melana/ria, Sabl., p. 254.
monticola, Tb., p. 147.
mortuorum, Tb., p. 229.
muscorum, Bris., p. 259.
nigella, Er., p. 151.
nigra, Kr., p. 234.
nigricornis, Th., p. 209.
nigritula, Gyl., p. 203.
nitidula, Kr., p. 129.
notha, Er., p. 269.
oblita, Er., p. 222.
oblongiuscula, Sb., p. 130.
occulta, Er., p. 143.
orbata, Er., p. 264.
orphana, Er., p. 267.
pagana, Er., p. 136.
pallens, Eedt., p. 181.
palleola, Er., p. 181.
palustris, Kies., p. 211.
parallela, Man., p. 183.

TEANS. ENT. 80C. 1869. PART III. (jUNE)

272 Dr. Sharp's Revision of Homalota.

IN DEX — continued .

H. parva, Sahl., p. 253.
pcuvens, Er., p. 98.
perexigua, Sh., p. 215.
'picipes, Th., p. 145.
pilicornis, Th., p. 155.
pilosiventris, Th., p. 260.
plana, Gyl., p. 167.
planifrons, Wat., p. 102.
plumbea, Wat., p. 114.
princeps, Sh., p. 142.
puberula, Sh., p. 213.
pulchra, Kr., p. 263.
puncticeps, Th., p. 140.
fygmcea, Grav., p. 257.
rnfotestacea, Kr., Tp. 163.
scapularis, Sahl., p. 218.
sericea, Muls., p. 225.
setigera, Sh., p. 251.
silvicola. Fuss, p. 132.
simillima, Sh., Tp. 177.
sodalis, Er., p. 205.
sordidula, Er., p. 238.
soror, Kr., p. 178.

H. splendens, Kr., p. 163.
sii'hcenea, Sh., p. 187.
suhglahra, Sh., p. 149.
subsinuata, Er., p. 262.
subterranea, Muls., p. 219.
subtilis, Scri., p. 226.
subtilissima, Kr., p. 108.
succicola, Th., p. 193.
testaceipes, Heer, p. 221.
testudinea, Er., p. 255.
tibialis, Heer, p. 125.
triangulum, Kr., p. 198.
trinotata, Kr., p. 194.
valida, Kr., p. 192.
validiuscula, Kr., p. 182.
vestita, Grav., p. 128.
vicina, Ste., p. 133.
vilis, Er., p. 174.
villosula, Kr., p. 249.
volans, Scri., p. 122.
xanthoptera, Ste., p. 189.
xantliofus, Th., p. 196.

•■5?v. L ^m.

( 273 )

XY. Descriptions of new or little known forms of Diurnal
Lepidoptera. By Arthur G. Butlee, F.L.S., &c.

[Bead 3rd May, 1869.]

Argynnis Aglaia, Linn., aberr. (PI. V. figs. 2, 3.)

$ . Differt supra a forma communi maculis externis
alarum anticarum obsoletis, venis ad marginem externum
nigro-dilatatisj disco et area basali posticarum nigris,
annulis autem quatuor discalibus margine externo sub-
parallelis fulvis ; margine externo late fulvo, immaculate,
a venis nigro-dilatatis disrupto. Subtus characteribus
basalibus anticarum confusis nigro innatis, punctis sex
discalibus transversis serie undata, area apicali flavido-
olivacea ad angulum ani fulvescente, striis duabus apud
apicem argenteis; posticis olivaceis, area basali omnino
argentea, a venis olivaceis interrupta, maculis discalibus
partim obscuratis, plagis septem magnis a venis separatis
argenteis diflfusis, margine externo pallido, immaculate.

Hah. — Helvetia (Chamouny) . Coll. mihi.

This very interesting specimen was exhibited at a
recent meeting of the Entomological Society (Proc. Ent.
Soc. 1869, p. viii); Mr. McLachlan informs me that the
same form exists in the collection of Mr. Bond, but as it
seems never to have been described or figured, it is high
time that some notice should be taken of it. I caught
the insect on a slope facing the Mt. Blanc range, where
it was flying about in company with male specimens of
Aglaia and Niohe ; these two forms are constantly together,
vary into one another, chase one another about, and show
every sign of being one and the same species.

Chaeaxes Etesipe, Godart. (PI. V. figs. 5, 6, c? •)

c? Nymphalis Etheta, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 356
(1819); Griffith's An. Kingd. Ins. Lep. pi. 2, fig. 4.

$ Papilio mheodes, Drury {nee Fabr.) 111. 3, pi. 10 (1800) .

9 Nymphalis Etesipe, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 355

(1819).

Hah. — Sierra Leone. J, Coll. Swanzy.

TEANS. ent. soc. 1869. PART IV. (auGUST) . Y

274 Mr. A. G. Butler on

The sexes of this species have hitherto been kept
separate, probably on account of the rarity of the insect,
and the exceedingly poor figure of the male in Guerin's
Iconographie (copied in Griffith's Animal Kingdom) ; in
this figure, the tails are much too stout and clumsy, the
entire build of the insect is incorrect, the colouring under-
done, and only the uppersurface is represented; a mo-
derately fine example lately received by Mr. Swanzy from
Sierra Leone, has given me an opportunity of correcting
this error.

Godart describes Etlieta as follows : —

"Nym. alis supra atro-caeruleis, dimidio apicali casru-
lescenti-maculatis : subtus albis, nigro ferrugineoque mar-
moratis.

"It difiers from Etesipe in that it is smaller, and the
uppersurface of the wings exhibits towards the margin
two transverse rows of pale blue spots ', the hind-wings,
moreover, in that the white discoidal band is altogether
wanting; only the uppersurface of the front wings is
marked with some white spots between the disc and the
centre of the costa. From the West Coast of Africa.

"N.B. Might not this be the male of Etesipe?"

The natural position of Etesipe is evidently between G.
Joeaste, * Butler, and G. Tiridates, Fabricius, the under-
surface being most like the former, the uppersurface more
closely resembling the latter species.

Apatuka Zalmunna, sp. nov. (PL V. fig. 4.)

c?. AlsB supra nigro-fuscee, striolis nonnullis anti-
carum discoidalibus inconspicuis palHdis, punctis tribus
albidis subapicalibus serie angulata positis, striolaque
submarginali in alis ambabus pallide brunnea; corpus
nigro-fuscum. Subtus, alae anticae area basali fulva, apicali
nigro-fusca ; apice plaga squamosa glaucescente ; macula
discoidea, altera striolari pone cellam, maculisqvie discali-
bus duodecim hie illuc positis, albidis ; posticee glauces-
centes, lineis tribus obscurioribus et albo fulvoque varise ;
corpus luteo-albidum. Exp. alar. unc. 2^^.

Hah. — Brazilia. Brit. Mus.

Presented to the Collection by General Hardwicke.

* Felder's C. Achmmenes is the male of C. Joeaste; my sectional de-
scription taken in connection with the locality, sufficiently characterized
the insect, so that Felder's name must sink into a synonym.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. 21 h

Papilio Meeope, Cramer. (PL V. fig. 1.)

? P. Cenea, var., StoU, Suppl. Cramer, pi. 29, figs. 1,
la (1779).

Hob. — Graham's Town. Coll. Higgins.

This variety, kindly lent to me by Mr. Higgins, is
chiefly interesting as being a connecting link between
the two forms of P. Cenea figured in Mr. Trimen's paper,
lately published in the Transactions of the Linnean
Society (vol. xxvi, p. 497, pi. 43, figs. 3, 4) ; it also to a cer-
tain extent explains the modification of Cenea into Hippo-
coon (which is apparently one of the most diflScult colour
transitions accomplished by this species) inasmuch as it
is almost intermediate between Cenea and the variety of
Hippocoon, represented at fig. 2 of Mr. Trimen's plate,
the pattern, but not the colouring, of the hindwings being
the same with that of the latter form.

I cannot quite agree with all Mr. Trimen's conclusions
respecting P. Merope, for it seems to me, that though we
have every evidence that all the forms of this type now
existing have been modified from one original species, until
we can show a series of transitional varieties uniting them
all together, we shall be obliged to consider some of them
at least as distinct local species ; the Western form indeed
is so difierent even in the male sex from its Southern
representative, that it can be at once distinguished; the
same sex also difiers a little from less distant localities,
although not at all to the same extent that the female
does, yet, since amount of difierence does not constitute
a species, the slightest constant character is of importance.

The forms of the Merope group in the Collection of the
British Museum are as under —

(1) . Papilio Merope.

(a.) Cenea.

c?. Alae anticas macula subapicali elongata velut in
femina, margine externo distincte undato ; margine cos-
tali nigro paululum in cellam errante : posticse cauda
partim nigra; subtus fundo basali albido, apicali ochreo.

9 Cenea, StoU, Suppl. Cramer, pi. 29, fig. 1 (1791) .

(?, ? , Zoolu Country. Presented by G. F. Angas, Esq.,
and Sir Andrew Smith.

276 Mr. A. G. Butler on Diurnal Lepidoptera.

(a. a.) Cenea, var.

S Alee anticae margine externo dentato-sinuato, macula
subapicali minore; posticge fascia lata discali nigra ali-
quando interrupta; subtus fundo obscuriore ochraceo.

? Cenea, var., maculis anticarum albis. Trimen in
Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvi. tab. 43, fig. 4 (1869) .

(?, ? , Port Natal. Obtained 1858. Collected by Mr.
Gueinzius.

(b.) Merope (true) .

S Merope, Cramer, Pap. Exot.ii. pi. 151, figs. A, B (1779) .

? Troplionms, Westwood, Arcana Entom. pi. 39, figs. 1, 2.
S Knysna. Presented 1859, by R. Trimen, Esq. ;

? from Mr. Milne's Collection.

The typical Merope, excepting in form, is on the upper-
surface much like the male of Meriones, but the tails of
the hind- wings are uniformly of a pale ochre colour ; the
undersurface of the hind-wings is also paler than in the
other Southern males.

(2) . Tapilio Brutus.
(a.) Brutus.

S Brutus, Fabricius, Sp. Ins. p. 13 (1781).

? Hippocoon, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 38 (1793) .

Sierra Leone. $ presented by the Rev. D. F. Morgan ;
? collected 1858, by Mr. James Foxcroft.

The male of this form, which agrees with the Sulfureus
{sic) of Palisot de Beauvois, difiers from Cramer's Merope
in its greater length of wing, and the very pale colouring
of the undersurface of the hind- wings.

(b.) Niavius.

c? Bruto similis at major, margine quoque anticarum
externo multo latiore.

? Niavius, Cram. Pap. Exot. iii. pi. 234, fig. A (1782) .

Ashanti. <? from Mr. Stothard's collection ; $ ob-
tained 1844, from the collection of the Wesleyan Mis-
sionary Society.

This is also the Niavius of Palisot de Beauvois ; it may
be at once distinguished from Hippocoon by its much
gi-eater size, and more elongate wings ; the Ashanti forms
of Danais Niavius and of Diadema Anthedon difier from
the Sierra Leone forms in the same particulars.

( 277 )

XVI. Notes on Eastern Butterflies {continued). By
Alfred R. Wallace, F.Z.S., V.-P. Eut. Soc, &c.

[Read 3rd May, 1869.]

Genus Diadema.

In Doubleday, Westwood, and He^vitson's Genera of
Diurnal Lepidoptera this genus included six or seven
others, which were most of them characterized and
named as subgenera, or sections. These are now
generally considered as distinct genera, since they offer
remarkable structural differences, and mostly inhabit
distinct geographical regions. The genus thus restricted
will contain eighteen species, only two of which do not
inhabit the Malay Archipelago. One of these, Diadema
Salmacis, is found in Africa, and a beautiful new one,
apparently allied to it [Diadema Dexithea) has been de-
scribed by Mr. Hewitson, from Madagascar. Two of
the commonest species, Diadema Bolina, L. {Auije, Cr.)
and D, Misippus, L. [Bolina, Cr.), have an immense
range, from Australia and the Pacific to India and Africa,
but no other species of the restricted genus is found in
continental India, and all but two are inhabitants of the
Austro-Malayan region, which we may therefore look
upon as the probable birth-place of the group, as indi-
cated by the following table : —

Diadema.

Africa.

India.

Indo-Malay
Eegiou.

Austro-Mu-
lay Eegiou.

2 Species . .
2 Species
1 Species . .
13 Species

2
2

2
13

Total 18 Species . .

It is remarkable that the African D. Salmacis should
most resemble in its colouration and general appearance
a species inhabiting Celebes, D. Diomea ; one of the little
group of facts which point to some unknown mode of
connection in former times between these remote por-
tions of the earth.

trans, ent. soc. 1869. — part iv. (august) .

278 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

This genuSj and those which have been separated from
it, furnish us with examples of almost all the anomalies
of variation. Some species present an amount of varia-
tion perhaps greater than any to be found among butter-
flies; others scarcely vary at all. The sexes are, in some
species, absolutely without a feature of their colouration
in common ; in others they are hardly distinguishable.
In a large number of species there is the most wonder-
ful mimicry of other groups, so thai they have been
mistaken for Danaidm and Acrceidce, and there is, perhaps,
nothing more striking than the accurate manner in which
some African species imitate the striped and spotted
Am-cece, which inhabit the very same districts. In the
Eastern islands the protective mimicry has sometimes
caused the usual sexual characters to be completely re-
versed, which has led to confusion in the determination
of the species.

PapiJio Vitellia, figured by Cramer, has been usually
placed in this genus, but specimens collected by myself
in the original locality, Amboyna, show it to be a species
of Elymnias.

DIADBMA, Boisduval.
1. Diadem A Bolina.

S . Papilio Bolina, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. Reg. p. 295;

Syst. Nat. ii. 781. Clerck, Icon. t. 21.
c?. Papilio Auge, Cram. 190, A. B.

S • Papilio Lasinassa, Cram. 205, A. B.; Fabr. Ent.

Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 127.
? . Papilio Ipliigenia, Cram. 67, D. E.

Cramer figures as distinct species eight varieties of
the female, and many others exist in collections. I do
not repeat the references to all these, which are to be
found in the " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera," Moore's
'^Catalogue of the East Indian Museum,'' and other
works. I woidd remark, however, that Porphyria and
Velleda of Cramer, usually placed with this species, seem
to me to be females of Diadema Alimena.

Hah. — Every island in the Archipelago, as well as
India, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. (S. Africa ?).

Mr. Butler has pointed out to me, that Clerck's figure,
the only one quoted by Linna3us, undoubtedly represents

on Eastern Butterflies. 279

the same insect as that which has hitherto been termed
Auge or Lasinassa, with which the detailed description
in Mus. Ludovicae Ulricge perfectly agrees, while it will
not at all apply to the Bolina of Cramer. This error
originated with Cramer, who quotes Linngeus and Clerck
for his Pajnlio Bolina, which is a different insect, to
which it will now be necessary to apply the name of
Misippus, given to the female by Linnaeus. Cramer^s
mistake has been unfortunately adopted by all succeed-
ing authors, who seem never to have compared the two
insects with the original description and figure. The
alteration at this late period will, therefore, cause much
confusion, but unless the law of priority is abandoned,
no other course is open to me.

This is an exceedingly wide-spread and variable
species. The male is tolerably constant, but presents
three decided modifications. That which extends over
the whole continent of India, is generally distinguished
by a row of white points behind the blue and white spot
on the hind-wing, and the white bands across the wings
on the underside are well marked. Those of the Malayan
and Polynesian countries never have the white dots, and
seldom have the bands beneath so distinctly marked.
Clerck^s figure closely resembles an Indian specimen
without the white dots. Cramer's figures represent the
two most common Malayan forms of the male insect.
Papilio Auge is the most abundant, and with it are
associated females of the type of his P. Iphigenia.
Papilio Lasinassa is a larger insect, in which the blue
gloss completely covers the white spots, the margins are
less deeply scallopped and less distinctly spotted with
white, while on the underside the white transverse bands
are nearly or quite absent, and the submarginal lunules
are larger, deeper, and placed closer to the submarginal
line. The large dusky and yellow-banded females, such
as P. Manlia, P. Eriphile, &c., seem to belong to this
form, which is most commonly met with in the Moluccas
and the Pacific Islands. The most common females of
the Indian form (P. Perimele, Cram. 67, B.) are also very
distinct looking insects. In the British Museum are
some remarkable specimens from the Philippine Islands,
in which the male has the spot on the hind-wings reduced
to a mere blue gloss without any paler centre, so that in
most lights it is invisible; but without a large series

280 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Nides

from this locality, it would be impossible to determine
how far this is linked to the more ordinary forms by in-
termediate types. We seem, therefore, to have here a
species partly separated into several tolerably distinct
forms or races, which only require to be isolated by
changes of land and sea to become well-marked species.
It may also be remarked, that although the sexes are
generally strikingly different, there are individuals whose
sex it is impossible to determine without an examina-
tion of their structural characters, and which form a com-
plete gradation from one to the other. If any Entomo-
logist would devote himself to the study of this species,
by collecting every possible variety of form from every
locality in which it is found, it would alone furnish
materials for a most instructive essay, which might go
far towards elucidating the process of the formation of
species.

2. DiADEMA MiSIPPUS.

? . Papilio Misippus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 767.

? . Papilio Biocippus, Cram. 28, B. C. ; Fabr. Ent.

Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 51.
$ . Papilio Inaria, Cram. 214, A. B,
$ . Papilio Bolina, Cram. 65, E. F. {nee Linn.).
Hah. — Java, Borneo, Lombock, Timor, Celebes, India,
China, Formosa, Australia, Africa.

This species is remarkable for the striking contrast of
the sexes : the female resembles Danais Chrysippus, in
company with which I have often taken it flying, when
the two were indistinguishable. Specimens occasion-
ally show a slight approach of the sexes to each other,
and in the British Museum is a hermajshrodite, one side
of which is male, and the other female. The form Inaria,
which seems common in Africa, is rare in the East,
where there is no Danais it resembles.

3. DiADEMA AlIMENA.

(J. Papilio Alimena, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 780; Clerck,
Ic. pi. 32, f. 1 ; Cramer, 221, A. B. C.

$ . Papilio Porphyria, Cramer, 255, E. F.

$ . Papilio Velleda, Cramer, 349, CD.

on Eastern Butterjiics. 281

Hah. — Bouru, Amboyna, Ceram, Goram, Ke Islands,
Waigiou, New Guinea. (Wallace) .

This species varies much, and the sexes generally
differ greatly, but there are intermediate forms which
connect the whole into an unbroken series. P. Porphyria
and P. Velleda of Cramer, have usually been placed with
Diadema Lasinassa, but they agree very closely with
some of my specimens of this species.

4. Diadema Polymena.

Diadema Polymena, Felder, No vara Voyage, Lepidop.
p. 414, pi. Iv. figs. 5, 6.

Hah. — Aru Islands (Felder) .

This is an extreme form of Diadema Alimena, the
female assuming the white colour which characterizes
many butterflies of different genera in the islands south-
east of Coram.

5. Diadema Pandakus.

c?. Pai)iUo Pandnrus, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 767 3 Esper,
Ausl. Schmett. pi. 40, f. 1.

Papilio Callisto, Cramer, 24, A. B.

$ . Papilio Pipleis, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 775 ; Cramer,
60, A. B.

Hah. — Amboyna, Coram (Wallace) .

The female has the band across the upper wings either
creamy white or pale rufous ; the former appearing to be
characteristic of Amboyna, the latter of Coram.

6, Diadema Pandora, n. s.

Female. Wings rather more elongate than in D. Pan-
darus, the posterior margin more deeply scallopped.

Above; the band on the anterior wings replaced by
four spots, the lower and upper of which are small, the
two middle larger, white, tinged with ashy violet; the
row of white spots parallel to the margin smaller and of
a subquadrate form; the submarginal lunules nearly
half-square instead of triangular. Posterior wings with
the black spots almost circular, the pupils almost ob-
solete.

282 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Beneath; the upper part of the transverse band almost
obsolete, the costal margin from its extremity to the
apex, whitish; the third and fourth spots from the outer
angle of the anterior wings much smaller than the rest ;
other differences as above. Rather smaller than the
females of D. Pandarus.

Hah. — Bourn (Wallace).

If we are to discriminate local forms with a view to
the investigation of their true place in nature, such slight
but definite modifications as this insect presents must be
recognized by giving it a distinct specific name.

7. DiADEMA Saundeesi, n. 3.

Male. Form and size of D. Pandarus.

Above ; black, richly glossed with blue in some~places;
anterior wings with a transverse white band, as in D.
Hewitsoni, but broader, edged with violet and with a
faint violet gloss, the lower spot of this band small and
detached; the rufous-orange band as in D. Hewitsoni,
but broader, more richly coloured, and continued on to
the anterior wings so as almost to meet the white band ;
the row of black spots larger and more regular, but not
pupillate ; the submarginal row of blue marks wanting.

Beneath ; differs from D. Hewitsoni by the shorter and
whiter transverse band, and the rufous patch with two
black pupillate spots at the outer angle of the anterior
wings ; on the posterior wings there is a whitish patch
near the base, and the row of pupillate spots are only
edged with rufous, and are placed on a dusky ground^
bounded above and below by a wavy white line.

Hah.— Timor (Coll. Wallace, B. M.).

This fine species is intermediate between D. Pandarus
and D. Hewitsoni.

8. DiADEMA Hewitsoni.

Diadema Pandarus, var., Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc.
1858, p. 464, pi. liv. f. 1, 2. ( c? . 9 ) •

The underside of these insects corresponds closely with
the upper side, as figured by Mr. Hewitson.
Hah. — Ke Islands (Wallace) .

071 Eastern Butterflies. 283

This beautiful species is strikingly distinct. Mr.
Hewitson seems to have been led to class it as a variety
of Pandarus from the analogy of D. Lasinassa, which is
known to vary enormously; but there are these important
differences between the two cases, that many of the most
striking modifications of D. Lasinassa occur together on
the same spot, that they are connected by innumerable
intermediate forms, and that almost all these variations
occur in the female, while the male hardly varies at all.
D. Pandarus, on the contrary, is strikingly constant in
Amboyna and Ceram, where alone it is found, each of
the allied forms seems to be equally constant in its own
locality, there are no intermediate connecting links,
and the males vary quite as much as the females. I have,
therefore, no hesitation in naming this as a very distinct
species.

9. DiADEMA OCTOCULA.

Diadema octocula, Butler, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 1869
(Jan.), pi. ix. f. 1, c?.

Hab. — Tologa Island (?, perhaps Gilolo) . (Coll, Druce) .

10. Diadema Tydea.

Diadema Tydea, Felder, Novara Voyage, Lepidop. p. 415,
pl.lv. f. 1, 2 (c?). 3,4 (?).

Hah. — New Guinea, Waigiou, Batchian (Wallace), Gi-
lolo (Lorquin) .

My specimen from New Guinea has the small blue spot
on the hind-wings expanded into an oval white patch,
almost as in D. Deois, and the orange-rufous band broad-
er; the female has the white bands more distinct, and
the ocellate spots on the hind-wings smaller. The speci-
mens from Waigiou are intermediate, and as there are
other islands between Waigiou and Gilolo, I am inclined
to think that a complete gradation of forms will be found.

11. Diadema Deois.

Diadema Deois, Hewitson, Proc. Zool. See. 1868, p. 464,
pi. liv. f. 3, 4, 5.
Hah. — Aru Islands.

284 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

This must be considered as an extreme form of the
New Guinea type of B. Tyclea, from which^ however^ it
differs in the shape of the anterior wing, as well as in
markings. The females of this species and of D. Hewit-
soni have a great resemblance to some of the forms of
Melanitis Melane, Hewits., which inhabits the same islands.

12. Diadem A Diomea.

Diadema Diomea, Hewitson, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 51,
pi. viii. f . 2 {$).

Hah. — Menado, Celebes (Wallace) .

The female differs only in having the bands broader
and whiter, and the submarginal spots on the hind-wings
more distinct.

13. Diadema featerna, n. s.

Male: very near D. Dimnea, rather smaller; upper-
wings less elongate, and the outer margin straighter.

Above; the bands are smaller, and completely covered
with a violet blue gloss, costal margin entirely black,
band of hind-wings of four spots only.

Beneath; has a large oval white spot above the origin
of the first branch of the subcostal vein, which is entirely
absent from both sexes of D. Diomea.

Hah. — Macassar, Celebes (Wallace) .

This insect is certainly very close to D. Diomea, but it
differs decidedly in the form of the wings, as well as in
several characteristic markings. Many species, both of
birds and insects, are found exclusively in the North or
South of Celebes, but very rarely do they possess repre-
sentative species. One such case, however, occurs in
birds, and with that now noticed, would seem to indicate
that the extreme points of this strangely shaped island,
have formed two or more distinct islands, at a not very
remote epoch.

14. Diadema antilope.

$ . Papilio antilope, Cramer, 183, E. F.; Nymplialis
antilope, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. 397.

Male: smaller. Above; light olive-brown, with a large

on Eastern Butterflies. 285

apical patch on the anterior wings, a little paler, and a
broad submarginal band on the hind-wings nearly white.
Beneath; as in the female, but paler.

Hab. — Amboyna, Ceram, Bouru. (Wallace).

Prof. Westwood supposed a glossy-blue insect from
Java, of exactly the same form as the above, to be the
male of Cramer's Antilope, and he is followed by Mr.
Moore in the Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of the East
India Company. I have ascertained, however, that these
are females, and constitute one or more distinct species,
peculiar to the western part of the Archipelago.

15. DiADEMA ANOMALA.

Diadema Perimele, ^J, Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.
102 (nee Cram.) .

? . Diadema antilope, S , Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p.
281 (note); Moore, Cat. Lep. Mus. E. I. Comp. p. 160.

Male. Form of D. Antilope, rather smaller.

Above; bronzy or olive-brown, with a blue gloss on the
costal and outer margins of the anterior wings, and the
outer part of the hind-wings paler. A row of white
round spots parallel to the outer margin as in D. Antilope,
but larger and more distinct; a band of three white or
bluish-white marks, sometimes very indistinct, across the
anterior wings beyond the middle; marginal and sub-
marginal spots as in D. Antilope. Beneath ; olive-brown,
spots and markings as above, with one additional white
spot on the costal margin.

Female. Above; rich purple-brown, the whole surface
of the upper-wings, except the basal third, richly glossed
with satiny blue, a transverse band of three blueish elon-
gate spots beyond the cell, and a fourth much smaller;
the two white spots of the intra-marginal band nearest
the costa large and confluent, while those nearest the anal
angle are small and indistinct. Beneath; as in the male.

Hab. — Malacca {^); Java (?) (Wallace).

Local form.

Male. Like D. anomala, but the two apical white spots
are larger, and there is a broad submarginal whitish band
on the hind wings, not reaching the outer angle.

286 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Female. Rather larger than D. anomala, the transverse
band of blue spots wanting, the intra-marginal spots
smaller near the apex, and more incurved towards the end
of the cell ; on the hind-wings a broad brownish band
behind, and the marginal and submarginal spots much
more distinct. Beneath ; there is in both sexes a whitish
submarginal band on the hind-wings, of which there is
hardly any trace in D. anomala.

Hah. — Macassar $ , Menado ? (Celebes) .

Two females in the British Museum, said to be from
Java, dilBFer from mine in having the apex of the wings
rather more angular, and in the upperside being nearly
uniformly glossed, as in my Bornean form. A male,
without locality, agrees closely with my Malacca specimen,
but has the white spots and lines more developed on the
disc and apex of the upper- wings. A male from Borneo
in the British Museum approaches the colouring of the
female, being darker than my Malacca male, and having
a brighter blue gloss on the outer margin, and apical
third of the anterior wings. Two other males, marked
"India," closely resemble my Bornean male, but have
the apical white spots much less distinctly marked. One
of these has much more blue gloss on the outer margin
of the anterior wings than the other. We thus find, that
there is a great amount of variation in this species, but
have not sufficient materials to determine whether there
are any fixed local forms.

Felder has described this insect as Papilio Perimele,
Cramer, and I was for some time disposed to agree with
him, but a more careful comparison of the figure with my
specimens has convinced me that Cramer's figure repre-
sents a female form of his Pafilio Lasinassa, and that the
present insect must have another name bestowed upon
it. Craraer's figure differs from D. anomala in the fol-
lowing particulars : — 1. The wings are shorter and broad-
er, and the upper- wings less falcate, 2. The blue gloss
on the anterior wings is not represented in the figure,
and the blue spots there shown are not found in D. ano-
mala. 3. The submarginal spots on the anterior wings
are entirely absent from the figure. 4. The spots on the
hind-wings do not decrease towards the anal angle, but
are of equal size in the figure. 5. On the under-surface
D. anomala has two white spots below the costal vein,
the figure has only one. 6. There are two spots, one

on Eastern Butterflies. 287

above the other, at the anal angle in Cramer's figure, but
only one in all the specimens of D. anomala. Now in all
these points in which the figure dijBFers from D. anomala,
it agrees pretty closely with some of the female forms of
D. Lasinassa, to which I have little doubt it belongs.

Biadema anomala offers the most remarkable case
known among butterflies of a reversal of the usual sexual
colouring, the males being always dull brown, the females
glossed with rich blue. The reason for this exception to
the ordinary rule is, I believe, to be found in the fact
that the brilliant blue gloss causes the female to resemble
or mimic the Euploea Midamus, one of the very common-
est butterflies of the East, and one that belongs to the
pre-eminently protected group of the Danaidve. The two
insects frequent the same places, and the resemblance on
the wing was such as to deceive myself, and it is perhaps
owing to this cause that I captured so few specimens of
this interesting butterfly. That protection which female
insects usually obtain by being less brilliant and con-
spicuous than the males, is here given by exactly oppo-
site means ; a remarkable proof, as it appears to me, that
female butterflies would be more generally brilliant than
they are, were not their variations in this direction
checked, and eliminated by the danger they incur through
it. It may be observed, that in the allied species Biade-
ma Antilope, the female resembles Eujyloea Climena (a
common species in the countries it inhabits) much more
than the male does. It also closely resembles Elymnias
Vitellia, a species which has long figured in our lists as a
Biadema; and there is reason to believe that the Eury-
telidce, to which Elymnias belongs, are themselves a pro-
tected group, though perhaps not so perfectly so as the
Banaidce.

I exhibited this species at the British Association in
1866, as a remarkable illustration of '^mimicry,'' and
afterwards at a meeting of this Society; and I should
have described the species before, had I not for a long
time considered with Felder, that it was a form of Peri'
mele.

16. Diadem A albula, n. s.

Form of B. anomala, rather smaller.

Male. Above; rusty brown, the markings as in B.

288 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes on Eastern Butterflies.

anomala, but whiter and more diffused^ the spots at the
apex confluent, and forming a white spot ; a broad white
band covering the outer part of the hind-wings. Beneath ;
nearly as above; four whitish linear spots forming a
transverse band across the upper-wings, the white band
on the hind-wings broader than above, the costal spot
larger than in D. anomala.

Female. Darker than the male, and of a richer pur-
plish rusty brown. Above; spots and bands as in the
male, but the transverse band of longitudinal spots bluish,
and produced almost to the white intra-marginal spots.

Beneath; as in the male, but rather paler.

Hah. — Timor.

This is an extreme form of D. anomala; the female is
the most richly coloured, and seems to mimic Buploea
Bandinii, and an undescribed species allied to JE. Eurypon,
both of which inhabit the same island.

( 289 )

XVII. Descriptions of new Species of the Genus Pison ;
and a Synonymic List of those previously described.
By Frederick Smith^ V.-P. and late Pres. Ent.
Soc.

[Bead 7tb June, 1869.]

In the year 1837^ Shuckard published an excellent paper
in the second volume of the Transactions of the Society
(p. 73) on this genus of fossorial insects ; at that time he
could only refer to two species that had been previously
described ; to these he added seven, and as three of these
were not in his own collection, we may conclude that
thirty-two years ago, nine species only were to be found
in the Collections of British Entomologists. These
species were placed in two divisions, in consec|uence of
some difference observable in the neuration of the wings ;
for the second division he proposed the name of Pisoni-
tus, and this name I have used generically, and have
added two species to those placed in that division by
Shuckard. To the genus Pison I have added twenty-
five species, thirteen of which are described in the pre-
sent paper. A third division of these insects I have in-
cluded in a new genus, Parapison, and have described
three species. Thus, the nine species included in Shuck-
ard's monograph, and forming his genus Pison, will now
be increased to forty-three.

Nothing has been published on the habits of these
insects that I am aware of, but a paper by Mr. Home
will shortly be read at the Zoological Society in which
an ample history of them will appear ; I can only here
state that these insects are nest-builders, and that they
construct cells similar to those of Pemphredon, and store
them with spiders for their young.

Fam. NYSSONID^, Leach.
Genus Pison, Jurine.

1, Pison ater, Spinola.

Alyson ater, Spin. Ins. Ligur. ii. 253; Pison ater,
Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. 75. ? .

Pison Jurinii, Spin. Ins. Ligur. ii. 256.

Taehyhulus niger, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 75.
Hah. — Europe. In F. Smith's collection.

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART IV. (aUGUST) . Z

290 Mr. F. Smith on

2. Pison punctifrons, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. ii.

77. ?.

Hah. — India, or St. Helena. In the British Museum.

3. Pisofi regalis, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. New Series,

ii. 34, pi. viii. fig. 9. ? .
Hah. — China. In the British Museum.

4. Pison xanthopus, BruUe.

Nepliridia xantliopus, BruUe, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.

ii. 403; Pison xanthopus, Shuck. Tr. Ent. Soc.

ii. 75.
Pison ohscurus, Shuck. I. c.
Hah. — Cape of Good Hope. In F. Smithes collection.

6. Pison Spinolce, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. 76, ? j
Sauss. Reise der Novara, Zool. Hym. QQ.

P. australis, Sauss. Mem. Soc. Phys. Geneve,
xiv. 11.

Pison tasmanicus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.
p. 316, c?.
Hah. — Sydney and Tasmania. In the British Museum.

6. Pison auratus, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. 78. ? .

Hah. — Australia. (Not C. G. Hope, vide Shuckard's
Monograph.) In the British Museum.

7. Pison marginatus, Smith, Cat, Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 314. ? .

Hah. — Australia (Hunter River) . In the British
Museum.

8. Pison perplexus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 314. S.
Hah. — Australia. In the British Museum.

9. Pison vestitus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 315'. ? .
Hah. — Australia. In the British Museum.

10. Pison Westwoodii, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc, ii.
77. ?.
Hah. — Tasmania. In F. Smithes collection.

the Genus Pison. 291

11. Pison ohliquus, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 316. ?.

Hah. — Tasmania. In F. Smithes collection.

12. Pison morosus, (White, Voy. Erebus and Terror,

not published) , Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.
p. 317.
Hab. — ^New Zealand. In the British Museum.

13. Pison suspiciosus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. See.

Zool. ii. 104. ? .

Hab. — Singapore. In W. W. Saunders' collection.

14. Pison nitidus, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool.

iii. 160. $ .

Hah. — Aru and Ke Islands, Mysol. In W. W.
Saunders' collection.

15. Pison pallidipalpis, Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.

Zool. vii. 35. 9 .

Hah. — Ceram. In W. W. Saunders' collection.

16. Pison fenestratus, Smith.

P. nitidus, Smith, Trans. Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 248. $ .

Hab. — Champion Bay. In F. Smith's collection.

17. Pison paraensis, Spin. Mem. Accad. Torino, xiii.

58.

Hah. — Para.

18. Pison chiliensis, Spin. Gay's Chili, vi. 326.
B'a&.— Chili.

19. Pison areolatus, Spin. Gay's Chili, vi. 327.
Hab.— ChWi.

20. Pison Icevis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv. p. 317. ? .
Hah. — Georgia. In the British Museum.

21. Pison maculipennis, Smith, Journ. of Ent. i. 80. ? .
Hah. — Brazil. In F. Smith's collection.

22. Pison tahitensis, (P. tahitense) , Saussure, Reise

der No vara, Zool. Hym. 65. ? .
ifa6.— Tahiti.

292 Mr. F. Smith on

23. Pison tibialis, n. sp.

Male. Length 4 lines. Blacky punctured, abdomen
with golden fascige, the tibiae ferruginous.

Head and thorax very closely and strongly punctured,
semi-opaque; the face covered with griseous pubes-
cence ; the anterior margin of the clypeus produced into
a central acute tooth. The metathorax truncate, short
and punctate, with a slight channel above, which has a
longitudinal carina ; the wings subhyaline, the tegulse
piceous ; the tarsi, tibias, and apex of the posterior
femora ferruginous. Abdomen closely and finely punc-
tured, the apical margins of the segments of a testaceous
yellow, and covered with a pale golden pubescence.

Hah. — West Australia.

In the British Museum.

24. Pison hasalis, n. sp.

Female. Length 5 lines. Black; the face with
golden pubescence, the tibiae, tarsi, and two basal seg-
ments of the abdomen ferruginous.

Head opaque ; the clypeus and sides of the face as high
as the sinus of the eyes, with pale golden pubescence, that
on the cheeks silvery ; the tips of the mandibles and the
four basal joints of the antennae ferruginous. Thorax:
the collar with golden pubescence, that on the sides of
the thorax silvery, but only perceptible in certain lights,
except at the sides of the metathorax, where it is dense ;
the metathorax channelled, obliquely striate above, and
coarsely transversely so behind; the tegulge and legs
ferruginous, the intermediate and the posterior coxae
and trochanters, the intermediate femora above, and
the posterior pair, excepting at their apex, black; the
wings subhyaline, with their apical margins clouded. Ab-
domen : the two basal segments ferruginous, with the basal
half of the first black ; the margins of the segments rufo-
testaceous, and covered with bright silvery pile.

Hah. — Australia.

In F. Smithes collection.

This species is most closely allied to Pison auratus.

25. Pison simillimus, n. sp.
Male. Length 4| lines. Black, very finely and closely

the Genus Pison. 293

punctured, the face with golden pubescence, and the ab-
domen with golden fasciae.

Head : the face, as high as the emargination of the
eyes, covered with golden pubescence ; the clypeus with
an acute tooth in the centre of its anterior margin.
Thorax: the collar and mesothorax posteriorly with
golden pubescence ; the metathorax with a central longi-
tudinal channel, which widens into a deep elongate
fossulet down the truncate portion, which is transversely
rugose-striate ; the upper portion of the metathorax is
obliquely rugose-striate, much more finely so than the
truncation ; the tegulae rufo-testaceous ; the wings hya-
line, with their apical margins clouded, the nervures
black ; the posterior tibiae, the apex of the anterior and
posterior pair, and the tarsi, ferruginous. The apical
margins of the segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous,
and covered with golden pubescence ; the four apical
segments have a changeable thin golden pile.

Hab . — Australia.

In F. Smithes collection.

This species is very like P. tibialis, but it is distinct ;
the mesothorax is much more finely punctured ; the
metathorax is longer, and so is also the basal segment of
the abdomen.

26. Pison aurifex, n. sp.

Female. Length 6 lines. Black, opaque, splendidly
ornamented with golden pubescence.

Head : the mandibles and four or five of the basal
joints of the antennee ferruginous, the latter more or less
dusky above, and the extreme base and apex of the
former black; the clypeus and sides of the face as high
as the sinus of the eyes clothed with golden pubescence,
the cheeks are similarly adorned. Thorax : the collar,
the central portion of the posterior margin of the meso-
thorax, and the metathorax above, covered with a brilliant
changeable golden pubescence ; the pectus and femora
also, in certain lights, have a golden effulgence ; the tips
of the femora, the tibi^ and tarsi, ferruginous ; the
wings subhyaline and iridescent, their apical margins
clouded, the nervures testaceous. Abdomen: the apical
margins of the segments rufo-testaceous, and covered

294 Mr. F. Smith on

with a brilliant golden pile, the entire abdomen, in cer-
tain lights, has a golden lustre.

The male resembles the female ; the clypeus has a
central tooth on its anterior margin.

Hah. — Australia.

In F. Smith's collection.

27. Piso7i separatus, n. sp.

Male. Length 4 lines. Black, punctured, the meta-
thorax not striate, abdomen with silver fasciaj.

Head finely and closely punctured, opaque; the cly-
peus with a central tooth on its anterior margin, the face
with silvery pubescence as high as the sinus of the eyes ;
tips of the mandibles rufo-piceous, the palpi rufo-testa-
ceous. Thorax slightly shining, closely and rather finely
punctured; the metathorax with a central longitudinal
channel, the upper portion of which has a slight carina ;
the collar and sides with short sparing silvery pubes-
cence ; the wings smoky and iridescent ; the tarsi
obscurely rufescent. Abdomen shining, very finely and
closely punctured ; the apical margins of the segments
depressed, and with silvery fasciae.

Hab. — Western Australia (Champion Bay).
In the British Museum.

28. Pison fuscipennis, n. sp.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black, slightly shining,
adorned with silvery spots and bands.

Head : the face covered with bright silvery pile, the
cheeks with a similar brilliant clothing. Thorax: the
collar, sides of the mesothorax, of the metathorax, as
well as the pectus, with a bright changeable silvery pile;
the mesothorax above, and the scutellum, finely and
closely punctured; the anterior wings, excepting their
base, and the apex of the posterior pair, fuscous ; a semi-
transparent nebula crosses the anterior wings a little beyond
the second submarginal cell ; the metathorax obliquely
and finely rugulose above, and transversely and coarsely
striate behind. Abdomen: all the segments with bril-
liant silvery fasciee on their apical margins ; beneath,
shining and delicately punctured.

the Gemis Pison. 295

Hab. — Australia (Champion Bay) .
In the British Museum.

This species is like P. 8pinolce, but is separated from
it by its punctured mesothorax and fuscous wings.

29. Pison dec'ipiens, n. sp.

Male. Length 3 lines. Black, the legs red.

Head: the tips of the mandibles, the four basal joints
of the antennse, and the legs, ferruginous; the apical
margins of the segments of the abdomen rufo-testaceous ;
the pul villus of the claw-joints of the legs black; the
second joint of the antennae black at the base, and the
fourth joint more or less black above ; the face covered
with silvery pubescence as high as the emargination of
the eyes ; the clypeus with an acute tooth in the middle
of its anterior margin ; the cheeks silvery. Thorax very
closely and rather finely punctured, the mesothorax
shining above; the metathorax with a central channel,
semi-opaque, and with a little silvery pubescence at
the sides and behind ; the wings subhyaline and irides-
cent, the nervures black, slightly clouded at their apical
margins. Abdomen : very closely and finely punctured,
slightly shining; the apical margin with silvery fasciaa
above ; beneath shining.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay).

In the British Museum.

This species has precisely the aspect of a Tachytes.

30. Pison dimidiatus, n. sp.

Male. Length 2| lines. Head and thorax black, ab-
domen red.

Head : clothed as high as the insertion of the antennas
with silvery pubescence, above which, nearly as high as
the anterior ocellus, it has a golden lustre ; the mandibles,
and scape of the antennae beneath, ferruginous, as are
also two or three of the basal joints of the flagellum.
Thorax : the mesotHorax and scutellum closely and finely
punctured; the metathorax punctured above, coarsely
so behind ; the collar and sides of the metathorax with
silvery pubescence; the tegulee and legs ferruginous,
with the anterior coxee black ; wings subhyaline, irides-
cent, with the nervures black. Abdomen ferruginous,

296 Mr. F. Smith on

with the margins of the segments depressed^ and having
bright silvery fasciae ; beneath, the extreme base of the
abdomen is black.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum,

31. Pison festivus , n. sp.

Female. Length 5| lines. Black, the wings fusco-
hyaline, the apical segments of the abdomen with bright
golden fascige.

Head : the face with a thin silvery pubescence below
the insertion of the antennae, a thin hoary pubescence on
the cheeks and vertex. Thorax : the mesothorax shining,
and, as well as the scutellum, strongly punctured; the
metathorax obliquely rugulos« above, on each side of a
central impressed line; behind it is strongly punctured ;
the sides and beneath with a thin hoary pubescence;
wings fusco-hyaline. Abdomen shining; the first seg-
ment rather strongly punctured, and its apical margin
with a little silvery pubescence laterally ; the following
segments are very finely and very closely punctured,
their apical margins with bright golden fasciae; beneath
shining and impunctate.

JTah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum.

32. Pison tuherculafus, n. sp.

Male. Length 3 lines. Head and thorax opaque
black, the abdomen shining.

Head : the face below the insertion of the antennae
with silvery pubescence, the anterior margin of the cly-
peus produced into a central acute tooth. Thorax : a
thin silvery pubescence on the sides and beneath; the
metathorax rounded, obliquely rugulose above, and trans-
versely, more coarsely so behind; wings fusco-hyaline,
darkest at their apical margins. Abdomen smooth and
shining, the apical margins of the segments depressed ;
the silveiy fasciae probably obliterated; beneath, the
second, third, and fourth segments have two minute
tubercles in the middle near their apical margins ; those
on the third segment are most prominent.

Hcob. — New Zealand.

In the British Museum.

the Genus Fison. 297

33. Pison insularis, n, sp.

Female. Length 4| lines. Blacky shining^ and finely
punctured ; the abdomen with silvery bands.

Head semi-opaque^ with the face as high as the sinus
of the eyes densely clothed with bright silvery pubes-
cence ; the cheeks and vertex behind with a thin change-
able silvery pubescence; tips of the mandibles rufo-
piceous, and the palpi pale testaceous. Thorax : covered
with a short thin silvery pubescence^ most sparing on the
mesothorax; the thorax is very finely punctured; the
metathorax oblique, and rounded at the apex, which is
transversely striate; a longitudinal channel runs from
the base to the apex; wings subhyaline, the nervures
black, the outer margin of the tegulee rufo-piceous. Ab-
domen shining, and very delicately punctured, the
margins of the segments depressed, and with bright
changeable silvery bands, not continued beneath.

Hah. — New Hebrides,

In the British Museum.

34. Pison fabricator , n. sp.

Female. Length 3^ lines. Black, head and thorax
strongly punctured, the abdomen smooth and shining.

Head closely and strongly punctured, the vertex
slightly shining, and not so closely punctured as the
face ; the clypeus and sides of the face as high as the
sinus of the eyes covered with bright silvery pubes-
cence; the palpi testaceous. The pro- and meso-thorax
strongly punctured ; the metathorax truncate, with a
deep fossulet at the verge of the truncation above ; the
upper surface obliquely and strongly striate; the trun-
cation coarsely rugose ; the outer margins of the tegulae
testaceous, the wings subhyaline, with their apical mar-
gins clouded, the nervures black; the thorax has a thin
griseous pubescence. Abdomen smooth and shining,
with very delicate scattered punctures.

Hah. — Hong Kong.

In the British Museum.

35. Pison conformis, n. sp.

Male. Length 3 lines. Head and thorax punctured
and semi-opaque ; abdomen shining.

298 Mr. F. Smith on

Head : the clypeus and sides of the face as high as the
sinus of the eyes with a dense silvery pubescence, the
cheeks thinly covered with the same. The mesothorax
closely punctured; the metathorax obliquely truncate,
smooth, and finely punctured above, but transversely and
coarsely striate at the sides and behind, the sides have
also some silvery pubescence ; a deep longitudinal channel
runs from the base to the margin of the truncation, in
which is a longitudinal carina ; down the truncation runs
another deep channel; the wings hyaline and iridescent,
the nervures black. Abdomen: the margins of the three
basal segments much depi-essed ; the abdomen has a fine
hoary pubescent pile, only observable in certain lights.

Hab. — Mexico.

In the British Museum.

Genus Pisonitus, Shuck,
(See Plate VI. fig. 7, for wing of Pisonitus rugosus) .

1. Pisonitus rufipes, Shuck. Trans. Ent. Soc. ii.

79. ?.
Hah. — Tasmania.
In the British Museum.

2. Pisonitus argentatus, Shuck, Trans. Ent. Soc, ii.

79. ?.
Hah. — Mauritius.
In the British Museum.

3. Pisonitus rugos^is, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins. pt. iv.

p. 313. ?.
Hab. — India.
In the British Museum.

4. Pisonitus ruficornis, Smith, Cat. Hym. Ins, pt, iv.

p. 315. $.
Hab. — Australia (Maclntyre River) .
In the British Museum.

Genus Paeapison, n. g.
(See PI. VI. fig. 6. for wing of Parapison rufipes) ,

Head as wide as the thorax, occasionally wider; eyes
large, reniform, ocelli in an equilateral triangle on the

the Genus Pison. 299

vertex. Thorax sub-ovate^ the collar transverse ; the
metathorax with a central longitudinal channel ; the an-
terior and intermediate tibiee with a single spine at the
apex ; the anterior wings ivith one elongate marginal cell,
and tivo submarginal ones, the first suhmarginal receiving
the first recurrent nervure toivards the apex, the second re-
current nervure uniting unth the first transverso-medial
nervure. Abdomen oblong-ovate^ the margins of the
first and second segments depressed.

It will be seen that this genus is established solely
upon the absence of the second submarginal cell which,
in the genus Pison, and also in Pisonitus, is petiolate ;
in some species the cell is very minute, in the present
genus it is obliterated, and that this is a constant cha-
racter there can be no doubt, as a large number of speci-
mens of P. agilis and of P. rifipes have been examined.

1. Parapison obliteratus. Smith.

Pisonoides obliteratus. Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc.
Zool. ii. 104.

Hab. — Borneo (Sarawak) .

In the collection of W. W. Saunders.

2. Parapison rufipes, n. sp.

Female. Length 3j lines. Black and shining, the
legs ferruginous, abdomen with silvery bands.

Head : very finely and closely punctured, the clypeus,
inner orbits of the eyes, and the cheeks, with bright
silvery pile; the mandibles ferruginous. Thorax punc-
tured like the head; the mesothorax with a central
longitudinal depression, and an abbreviated line on each
side opposite the tegulse; the metathorax with a deep
central longitudinal channel ; the collar and sides of the
thorax with silvery pubescence, most dense and long at
the sides of the metathorax ; the legs ferruginous, with
the coxae black above ; wings hyaline and iridescent, the
nervures and stigma black. Abdomen; the apical mar-
gins of the segments pale testaceous, and covered with
silvery pile ; the entire abdomen has a thin changeable
silvery pile above.

Hob. — India.

In the British Museum.

300 Mr. F. Smith 'on the Genus Pison.

3. Parapison rtificornis, n. sp.

Female. Length 3 lines. Blacky legs and antennae
red, the latter with three or four of the apical joints
dusky.

Head semi-opaque, finely and very closely punctured;
the face with silvery pubescence, which is dense below
the insertion of the antennae, and only observable in cer-
tain lights above; the palpi and mandibles rufo-testaceous,
the latter rufo-piceous at their apex. Thorax opaque, the
metathorax with a central channel, and obliquely rugulose
above; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures
testaceous. Abdomen slightly shining, the apical mar-
gins of the segments narrowly testaceous ; the four apical
segments with a changeable golden pubescence.

The male closely resembles the female, but has the
basal portion of the legs more or less blackish, the tarsi
also are dusky; the apical joints of the antennae are darker
than in the other sex.

Hab . — Australia .

In F. Smith's collection.

4. Parapison agilis, n. sp.

Female. Length 3 lines. Black, shining and delicately
punctured, abdomen with silvery fasciae.

Head: the face below the insertion of the antennae
with a fine changeable silvery pile ; the mandibles pale
rufo-testaceous, the palpi paler. Thorax : the collar, sides
of the thorax, and mietathorax, with silvery pubescence ;
the mesothorax with one abbreviated deeply-impressed
line on each side opposite the tegulae, the latter rufo-
testaceous; the wings hyaline and iridescent, the ner-
vures black, the apical margins slightly clouded ; the
metathorax obliquely truncate, with an impressed central
channel, which runs into a deep fossulet towards the apex ;
the knees and anterior tibiae testaceous ; the calcaria
testaceous. Abdomen with a changeable pile ; the mar-
gins of the three basal segments depressed, the first deeply
so; all the margins with a narrow silvery fasciae.

Hah. — Ceylon.

In the British Museum.

( 301 )

XVIII. Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Exotic
Hymenoptera. By Frederick Smith, V.-P. and
late Pres. Ent. Soc.

[Bead 7th June, 1869.]

The majority of the insects described in the present paper
are in the British Museum; all are of great rarity, and
some present such new combinations of characters that I
have found it necessary to construct four new genera for
their reception ; several of the species described are in
Mr. Du Boulay^s private collection of Hymenoptera, lately
purchased for the National Museum. I hope shortly to
offer to the Society descriptions of some of the Apidce in
the same collection, which contains several insects which
will form types of new genera.

Fam. MUTILLID^.

Genus Methoca.
Methoca mandihularis.

Male. Length 1\ lines. Black, shining and punctured,
the mandibles yellow.

Head : shining, and strongly punctured ; the face and
mandibles with long white hairs, those on the rest of the
head are shorter and thinner; the antennae as long as the
thorax and first segment of the abdomen ; the anterior
margin of the clypeus rounded, and with a notch in the
middle; the mandibles yellow, with their apex nigro-
piceous. Thorax coarsely punctured, the punctures close
and more or less confluent on the metathorax, on the
pro- and meso-thorax they are wider apart, but coarse,
and here and there confluent ; the metathorax with a
central longitudinal channel, and, as well as the thorax
beneath, thinly clothed with hoary pubescence ; the legs
obscurely rufo-piceous ; wings subhyaline, darkest towards
the apex of the wings, a fuscous cloud occupies the mar-
ginal cell; the nervures black. Abdomen: finely and
distantly punctured, the punctures strongest towards the
apex; the petiole of the abdomen compressed, and with a
thin sharp edge ; the first segment globose at the apex, the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART IV. (aUGUST) .

302 Mr. F. Smith's Descriptions

rest of the segments with their margins constricted ; the
apical mucro stout and curving upwards beyond the
apical segment.

Hab. — Shanghai.

This insect was presented to me by H. De Rivaz, Esq.

Fam. SCOLIID^.

Genus Ptekombeus.

Head wider than the thorax^ subglobose ; eyes lateral
and oblong-ovate ; antennae filiform, inserted on each side
of a bituberculate prominence in the middle of the face;
the scape obconic, the first joint of the flagellum globose,
and inserted in a cavity at the apex of the scape, the
following three joints of about equal length, the remaining
ones slightly decreasing in length to the apical one.
Thorax elongate, the prothorax produced anteriorly into
a short neck, its posterior margin extending backwards
to the insertion of the wings; the metathorax oblong,
its apex rounded ; the anterior wings with one elongate
marginal cell pointed at its apex; three submarginal cells,
the first nearly as long as the two following, the second
quadrangidar, and, narrowed towards the marginal; the
third obliquely quadrate ; legs moderately stout, with the
tarsi long and slender. Abdomen elongate, petiolate,
its apex pointed and terminated by an acute style, the
aculeus exserted.

This genus is founded upon the characters of one sex,
and those characters are so anomalous, as to leave upon
my mind considerable doubt as to the correctness of
determining it to be the female ; the antennae are twelve-
jointed, and the abdomen is furnished with a sting, these
are, no doubt, the normal characteristics of the female, but
the abdomen is composed apparently of seven segments ;
it has undoubtedly seven distinct plates above, whilst
beneath the number is only six ; I have therefore regarded
the apical dorsal plate as a sheath or component part of
the exserted aculeus. That the insect belongs to the
Scoliidce, I think is certain ; the prolongation of the thorax
to the insertion of the wings, and a similarity of the
neuration of the latter to that of Myzine, induce me to
place it next to that genus.

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 303

Pterombrus cenigmaticus .
(PL VI. fig. 1^ and details la and Ih.)

Female. Length 5 lines. Head and thorax black, the
abdomen red.

Head closely punctured, with the middle of the
vertex, and a space around the ocelli, shining, and
having a few scattered punctures; the face and cheeks
with a thin griseous pubescence; the mandibles rufo-
piceous, with a pale spot at their base ; the palpi pale
testaceous. Thorax : the mesothorax and scutellum
shining, with a few deep punctures; the metathorax
transversely and coarsely rugose, the apex obliquely
truncate; wings subhyaline, with a fuscous cloud at the
base of the first and second discoidal cells; another cloud
occupies the marginal cell, and crosses the wing as far as
the inferior margin of the third discoidal cell ; the nervures
black; the tarsi as long as the legs, the spurs at the apex
of the tibife pale testaceous. Abdomen ferruginous,
smooth and shining.

Hab. — Brazil.

In the Collections of W. W. Saunders and F. Smith.

I have only seen two examples of this insect.

Fam. POMPILID^.

Genus Dolichueus.

1. DoUchurus carbonarius.

Female. Length 3 lines. Shining black, with the
metathorax subopaque.

Head: the face longitudinally and coarsely sculp-
tured, the vertex smooth and shining; the antennae
inserted on each side of a concave tubercle situate
at the base of the clypeus, the latter with a sharp
carina down the middle. The prothorax transverse-
quadrate, with a shining tuberculate process on each
side, and a few transverse striae in front; the meso-
thorax and scutellum smooth and shining; the meta-
thorax above nearly quadrate, margined by an elevated
carina, transversely and coarsely sculptured, and having
three longitudinal caringe scarcely extending to the pos-
terior margin; the truncation rugose, a minute tooth
at the lateral margins a little beyond the middle. The
abdomen smooth and shining, and the margins of the
first and second segments depressed.

Hab. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum.

304 Mr. F. Smith's Descrifptions

2. DoUchurus ignitus.

Female. Length 3| lines. Black and shining^ the
tip of the abdomen red.

Head: black, shining, and strongly punctured, the
vertex most sparingly so; the clypeus smooth and shining,
its anterior margin truncate and rufo-piceous ; the man-
dibles ferruginous, their extreme base and apex black.
The pro- and meso-thorax shining ; the metathorax with
the margins above carinate, with a central and two lateral
carinas, between which is a series of transverse elevations
irregular and ill-defined ; the truncate portion is coarsely
rugose, and the lateral margins have a minute tooth
beyond the middle; the wings hyaline and iridescent;
the outer margin of the tegulae piceous ; the tarsi, and
the anterior tibiae obscurely ferruginous. Abdomen
shining and impunctate; the margins of the two basal
segments constricted; the two apical segments ferru-
ginous.

Hab. — Port Natal. ■

In F. Smith's Collection.

3. DoUchurus taprobdncB.

Male. Length 4^ lines. Black, smooth, and shining.

Head : the face longitudinally rugulose, a few scattered
punctures before the ocelli, with the vertex impunctate;
the clypeus with a central elevated carina ; the palpi pale
testaceous ; the tubercle in the middle of the face deeply
concave. Thorax: the mesothorax with a few fine shal-
low punctures ; the metathorax margined above, with
two approximate carinae in the centre, and another on
each side, the interspaces rugose ; the truncation rugose,
with a stout tooth in the middle of the lateral margins ;
the wings hyaline and iridescent, the nervures black;
the thorax is strongly and closely punctured at the sides
and beneath. Abdomen smooth, shining, and impunctate.

Hab. — Ceylon.

In F. Smith's Collection.

Fam. LAKRID^.

Genus Laerada.
Larrada chrysonota.

Female. Length 6j lines. Black, and adorned with sil-
very pile, the mesothorax clothed above with golden pile.

of Exotic JTymenoptera. 305

Head : the face, as high as the insertion of the
antennas, with silvery pubescent pile, above with golden ;
the cheeks and base of the mandibles silvery. Thorax :
a dense golden pubescent pile on the mesothorax, and a
changeable thin silvery one on other parts, on the apex of
the sides of the metathorax it is dense and brilliant ; the
legs have a glittering changeable silvery pile -, the anterior
wings and apex of the posterior pair fusco-hyaline. The
abdomen has a chequered brilliant silveiy pile above and
beneath ; the apical margins of the segments above, and
the middle of the segments, are splendidly brilliant and
glittering.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .
In the British Museum.

Genus Aulacophilus, n. g.

Head as wide as the thorax; eyes large, their inner
orbit deeply emarginate ; the ocelli in an equilateral
triangle on the vertex ; the antennae inserted at the base
of the clypeus, at an equal distance from each other and
the inner margin of the eyes; the anterior margin of the
clypeus rounded ; the mandibles arcuate, edentate, acute
at their apex ; the antennae thickened towards their apex,
the scape obconic, the second joint subglobose. Thorax
oblong-ovate, the collar transverse, the posterior margin
arcuate ; the metathorax oblong, rounded behind ; legs
simple, the anterior and intermediate tibise with a single
spine at their apex; the anterior wings vnth one elongate
tnargiyial, and tivo submarginal cells, the first twice the
le^igth of the second; the first recurrent nervure uniting
with the first transverso-medial nervure ; the second received
a little within the second submarginal cell. Abdomen heart-
shaped ; the first segment formed into an elongate petiole
terminating in a clavus at its apex.

Aulacophilus vespoides.
(Plate VI. fig. 4, and details 4a and 46.)

Female. Length 5 lines. Black, and ornamented with
golden pubescence.

Head : the clypeus and the sides of the face, as high aa
the emargination of the eyes, with dense golden pubes-

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART IV. (AUGUSt) . 2 A

306 Mr. F. Smith's Descriptions

cence; the tips of the mandibles, and the three basal
joints of the antennae, ferruginous. Thorax : the posterior
margin of the collar and of the scutellum, the post-scu-
tellum and the m eta thorax, with golden pubescence; the
anterior coxas with golden pubescence in front; the sides
of the thorax obliquely striate beneath the wings; the
metathorax with a longitudinal central channel, most
deeply impressed towards the apex; the legs obscurely
ferruginous, the anterior pair brightest ; the wings hya-
line, with the anterior margin of the superior pair fuscous.
Abdomen : the petiole deeply channelled above, and also
at the sides; the channel above with golden pubescence,
the apical margin of the club as well as the apical margins
of the other segments bordered with golden pubescence;
beneath, smooth and shining, with the margins of the
segments rufo-piceous.

Hah. — Brazil.

In F. Smith's collection.

This insect has the general aspect of a species of the
genus Polybia belonging to the Vespidce.

Fam. NYSSONID^.

Genus Acanthostethus, n. g.

Head scarcely as wide as the thorax ; eyes lateral, large
and ovate; ocelli placed in a curve on the vertex, the
posterior pair in a line with the summit of the eyes;
antennas approximate at the base, inserted at the base of
the clypeus; the scape obconic, the second joint sub-
globose, the flagellum slightly increasing in thickness
towards the apex ; the clypeus transverse, its anterior
margin nearly straight, its lateral angles sub-dentate;
mandibles arcuate, edentate, and acute at their apex ; the
labrum concealed, transverse. Thorax ovate; the collar
transverse; the scutellum subquadrate; the metathorax
having on each side at its posterior extremity a stout
acute spine; superior wings ivith one marginal and two
complete suhmarginal cells ; the marginal cell elongate, ex-
tending more than half-iuay towards the extremity of the
wing ; the first suhmarginal longer than the marginal, and
more than twice the length of the second suhmarginal cell,
which is triangular ; the first recurrent nervure entering the
first suhmarginal cell towards its apex, the second recurrent

of Exotic Hymeiioptera. 307

nervure uniting with the first transver so- cubital nervure.
Abdomen subsessile, ovoido-conic; the first ventral seg-
ment produced at the base, forming an obtuse angle.
(Female.)

Acanthostethus hasalis.
(Plate VI. fig. 3, and details '6a and Sh.)

Female. Length 4 lines. Black, with the collar and
base of the abdomen red.

Head, thorax, and base of the abdomen coarsely and
deeply punctured, the rest of the abdomen more finely
and distantly punctured, and slightly shining. The man-
dibles, the scape, and the three following joints of the
antennae ferruginous beneath; the tips of the mandibles
black. The collar, tubercles, tegulge, and the margins of
the mesothorax opposite to them, the tips of the meta-
thoracic spines, and the legs, ferruginous; the wings
subhyaline, the nervures black. Abdomen : the base
rounded, the segment short, ferruginous, with the apical
margin pale yellow; the second segment black, with its
apical margin yellow, the sides of the segment are suffused
with obscure ferruginous, as well as the edge of the nar-
row yellow margin ; the following segments are obscure
ferruginous, the third segment as well as the apical one
black at the basal margin, in the apical one the black
forms an elongated spot.

Hab. — Australia.

In the British Museum.

The general appearance of this insect is that of a very
large example of the Nysson dimidiatus of Europe.

Genus Miscothyris, n. g.

Head transverse, about the width of the thorax, eyes
ovate, very large and occupying the larger part of the
head ; the ocelli placed in a triangle on the vertex ; the
antennae inserted a little above the base of the clypeus,
approximate at their base, the flagellum sub-clavate ; the
mandibles arcuate, bidentate at their apex; the clypeus
triangular, its anterior margin slightly rounded; the

2 A 2

308 Mr. F. Smith's Descriptions

labrum concealed. The thorax oval; the collar transverse
and linear; the scutellum transverse; the metathorax
short, and truncate posteriorly ; the superior wings with
one elongate marginal cell tapering to a point at the apex ;
three submarginal cells, the first being three-fourths of
the length of the second and third, the second oblong-
quadrate, and narrowed towards the marginal cell, the
third oblique, and widest at its extremity; the legs of
moderate length ; the posterior tibiae incrassate, slightly
curved and denticulate on their outer margin. Abdomen
subtruncate at the base, incurved and tapering to its
apex; in the male, the second segment is produced into
a compressed tubercle beneath.

Miscothyris thoracicus.

(Plate YI. fig. 5, and details 5a and 5b.)

Male. Length 4^ lines. Black, an interrupted line on
the collar, the post- scutellum, two large spots on the
second segment of the abdomen, and a transverse one on
the apical margins of the fifth and sixth segments in the
middle, all orange.

Head : the clypeus with the basal half yellowish- white,
a minute spot above the clypeus, the scape in front, and
a narrow line at the inner margin of the eyes not running
quite so high as the anterior ocellus, of the same colour
as the clypeus ; the head is finely shagreen ed and semi-
opaque. Thorax: sculptured similarly to the head, with
the scutellum shining, and sparingly punctured at its base ;
the post-scutellum is smooth shining orange ; the wings
fusco-hyaline, with their base and apex clear hyaline; a
central small shining triangular space at the margin of
the truncation of the metathorax, which is obliquely and
finely striate ; the tibige, tarsi and knees ferruginous ;
the anterior tibi^ yellow at their apex beneath, the basal
joint of the posterior tarsi white. Abdomen finely sha-
greened, two large oblong orange spots on the second
segment, pointed inwardly, and nearly meeting in the
centre; a transverse orange lunate spot on the centre
of the apical margin of the fifth and sixth segments.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum.

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 309

Fam. MASARID^.

Genus Paragia.
1. Paragia excellens.

Female. Length 7 lines. Black ; the head and thorax
ornamented with orange, the legs of the same colour ; the
three basal segments of the abdomen orange.

Head : very closely punctured ; the clypeus produced,
its anterior margin slightly arched ; the mandibles longi-
tudinally grooved and punctured, ferruginous, with their
margins and teeth black ; the clypeus and a semi-ovate
spot above, orange, the anterior margin of the former
black. The thorax rugose ; the prothorax, a subquadrate
spot beneath the wings, the scutellum, an oblong- quadrate
spot before it on the mesothorax, a narrow line at the
sides passing beyond the tegulee to the impressed line
that runs backwards to the scutellum, a minute spot on
each side beyond the line, the spine and lateral margins
of the metathorax, and a central elongate spot, bright
orange; the legs pale orange-red; the wings hyaline,
with a dark fuscous line occupying the marginal and first
submarginal cells, and running from thence half-way
towards the base of the wing; the tegulae pale orange.
Abdomen : the first segment orange, with its base black,
the second orange, with its extreme lateral and basal
margins black ; the third segment orange, with a minute
triangular central black spot at its base ; the other seg-
ments black, with the extreme apex of the terminal one
orange; beneath, the second segment has a tri-furcate
orange apical margin, the third segment orange, with
its basal margin narrowly black.

Male. This sex differs only in having the clypeus
entirely yellow, a yellow line at the inner orbits of the eyes.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum.

2. Paragia sohrina.

Female. Length 7 lines. The head and thorax orna-
mented with orange spots, the first and third segments
of the abdomen orange.

This species is very like P. excellens ; the head is the
same in colour and sculpture ; the thorax is also very

310 Mr. F. Smith's Descriptions

similar, but the two minute orange spots on the meso-
thorax are wanting ; the scutellum is broader and more
quadrate, the posterior angles rounded, and it is not nar-
rowed posteriorly as in P. excellens ; the abdomen has the
first, third, and apical segments yellow; in other respects
the two species agree in colour, sculpture and form, and
possibly one is a variety of the other.

Hah. — Australia (Champion Bay) .

In the British Museum.

In the Transactions of this Society (third series, vol.
ii. p. 393) I described three new species of Paragia; of
one of these, P. vespiformis, only the female was then
known to me; subsequently, however, both sexes were
taken by Mr. Du Boulay, and the male was described in
the Transactions for 1868 (p. 250) ; this sex is remarkable
for the extraordinary form of the basal segment of the
abdomen, I have therefore given a figure of that sex in
the plate that illustrates this paper (PI. YI. fig. 2) .

Since I published the last consecutive list of the species
of the genus Paragia, numbering thirteen, I have added
three in the volume for 1868, two others are described in
the present paper, making the number of known species
to be eighteen.

Fam. EUMENID^.

Genus Rhynchium.

Rhynchium magmficum.

Female. Length 10^ lines. Black; head, thorax an-
teriorly, scutellum, and apical half of the abdomen, orange.

Head: orange, with the tips of the antennas fuscous;
the mandibles ferruginous, armed with five teeth, which
are black, as well as the outer margin at the base; the
prothorax, a spot beneath the wings, the mesothorax
above, and the scutellum, bright orange ; the metathorax
black, its lateral margins serrate, concave behind, the
concavity obliquely striate ; the tegulae orange, the wings
flavo-hyaline, but dark fuscous with a violet or purple
iridescence from the base of the marginal cell to their
apex; the anterior legs, except their cox£e, the interme-
diate femora in front towards their apex, and the tibige be-
neath, orange ; the posterior tibiae more or less orange-red
beneath ; the apical joints of the tarsi reddish. Abdomen :

of Exotic Hymenoptera. 311

the basal segment, and basal half of the second segment,
black, both entirely so beneath; the rest of the segments
orange.

Hah. — Australia (Nicol Bay) .

In the British Museum.

Explanation of Plate VI.

Fig. 1. Pteromhrus cBnigmaticus, and details.

2. Paragia vespiformis, $ .

3. Acanthostethus hasalis, and details.

4. AulacopMlus vespoides, and details.

5. Miscothyris thoracicus, and details.

6. Anterior wing of Parapison rufipes.

7. „ ,, Pisonitus ritgosus.

( 313 )

XIX. Notes on Chalcididse ; and Description of a new
species o/^ Megastigmus. By F. Walker, F.L.S.

[Read 7th June, 1869.]

A PEW species of Megastigntus inhabit England. M.
giganteus, the largest species of the genus hitherto
described, is a native of S. Europe. M. Pistacice, so
named by Haliday, and presented by him to the British
Museum, is a very elegant Italian species. The known
Australian species are smaller than most of those of
Europe. M. Pinus of Parfitt, and the species here de-
scribed, are natives of California, and are both of large
size. There is an affinity in structure, colour, and mark-
ings between some species of this genus and some of
Decatoma. The latter genus is one of the Eurytomidce,
and, like Megastigmus and Eurytoma, is parasitic, on gall-
making insects. A North-American species of the
Eurytomidce was described many years ago as Eurytoma
hordei. Harris, the original describer. Fitch, and Walsh,
at first supposed it to be parasitic, but were afterwards
convinced that the larva is herbivorous. Walsh has
recently observed that it is not a Eurytoma, but an Iso-
soma, and that it is very injurious to the corn in the
Eastern States from Virginia to Canada. He supposes
that all the species of Isosoma are herbivorous, and that
Eurytoma hordei, Harris ; E. tritici, Fitch ; E. secalis,
Fitch; and E.fulvipes, Fitch, are one species. I have
reared several species of Eurytoma from various kinds of
galls, but never had an opportunity of observing the
transformation of Isosoma. The British species of the
latter genus are numerous, and various in structure, and
some of them are yet undescribed. Giraud reared in
Austria three species of Isosoma and Pimpla graminellcp.,
Grav., from Triticum repens, and believed them to be all
parasitic on a Dipterous insect. If these species of Iso-
soma are herbivorous, it would seem that Pimpla grami-
nellce, an ichneumon-fly, which much exceeds them in
size, and is very abundant in England, is their parasite.
Walsh observes that one of the Pteromalidce, which he
names Semiotellus chalcidiphagus , is parasitic on Isosoma
Jiordei. He also describes Antigaster mirabilis, a new
genus, allied to Eiipehnus and to Notanisus. Chiropa-
chys colon, of vfhich the natural history was lately noticed

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART IV. (aUGUST) .

314 Mr. F. V/alker's Notes 07i Ohalcididce.

by Dr. Algernon Chapman^ is allied to the Eupelmidce,
and the earliest descriptions of it are here mentioned : —

Sphex colon, Linn. Faun. Suec. 1656; Syst. Nat. 945.

Ichneumon quadrum, Fabr. Ent. Syst. ii. 186.

Megastigmus albifrons.

Mas. Luteus ; capite thoraceque dense punctatis;
capite thorace latiore, plaga transversa nigra, fronte
facieque albidis, antennis nigris, basi luteis; thorace
vitta nigra, prothorace magna quadra ta, mesothorace
nigro-bimaculato, metathorace nigro; abdomine nigro,
valde compresso, subtus luteo; alis diaphanis nigro-
venosis, anticis gutta nigricante maculaque nigra.

Male. Luteous. Head and thorax thickly punctured.
Head broader than the thorax; a large transverse
black patch on the vertex, extending nearly to the eyes ;
front and face whitish; eyes piceous; antennae black,
filiform, rather shorter than the thorax, first joint luteous,
joints of the flagellum successively decreasing in length;
club fusiform, a little broader than the preceding joint.
Thorax with a black stripe, which is attenuate in the
middle, and extends from the fore-border of the pro-
thorax nearly to the tip of the scutellum; prothorax
quadrate, much developed; mesothorax with a black
spot on each side of the scutum, sutures of the parap-
sides very distinct; metathorax black. Abdomen black,
much compressed, luteous beneath, nearly as long as the
thorax. Legs slender; tarsi black towards the tips.
Wings pellucid; veins black; fore-wings with an in-
definite blackish dot adjoining the hind side of the
humerus, near the end of the latter, and with a deter-
minate black spot at the end of the cubitus, as is usual
in this genus ; humerus about four times the length of
the ulna, emitting a transverse veinlet to the hind border,
near the inner side of the dot before-mentioned ; radius
more than twice the length of the ulna; cubitus about
half the length of the ulna.

Length of the body, 2 lines ; of the fore- wings, 3|
lines.

" Found alive, in a glass-topped box, containing a fir
cone, from California." March 10th, 1869.

British Museum.

315

XX. RemarJcs on the Genus Ectrephes^ and Descriptions
of new Exotic Coleoptera. By J. O. Westwood,
M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Read 7tli June, 1869.]

Genus Ectrephes, Pascoe.

E ctrephes, F&acoe, Proc. Ent. Soc, Lond. 1866, p. xvi;
Zoologist, ser. 2, vol. i. p. 322.

Anapestus, King, Trans. Ent. Soc, N. S. Wales, i. 316.

Mr. Pascoe^s description of this curious genus was read
at the meeting of this Society, on the 4th June, 1866,
and was published in the following month. Mr. King's
memoir was read before the Entomological Society of
New South Wales on the 5th March, 1866, but the sheet
of the Transactions on which it is printed contains the
commencement of Mr. McLeay's paper on Amycteridce,
which was read on the 6th August, 1866, and Part V. of
the Transactions, in which both papers appeared, con-
tains the Journal of Proceedings for the 3rd September,
1866.

The genus has been considered to be allied to the
Paussidce, as well as to the genus Gnostiis. But it pos-
sesses no direct affinity with either of these groups; and
is proved, by the analysis of the forms described below,
to be most nearly related to the Ptinidce, especially to
such groups as Mezium and Gihhium.

Sp. 1. Ectrephes formicarum, Pascoe.

E . formicarum, Pasc. (Proc. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1866,

p. xvi) = Anapestus Kreusleri, King, (Trans. Ent.

Soc. N. S. W. i. 318).

Sp. 2. Ectrephes Pascoei, n. sp.

E. totus piceo-castaneus ; elytris nitidis, subsetigeris ;
antennarum clava oblongo-ovali, depressa ; disco supero
et infero transverse tri-impresso, marginibus pauUo un-
dulatis et breviter spinulosis ; pronoto transverse, quad-
rate, impressione transversa postica profunda notato;

TRANS, ent. soc. 1869. PART IV. (aUGUST) .

316 Prof. Westwood on EctrepUes

tibiis 4 posticis valde curvatis^ margine externo ante
medium bi-angulato^ ultra medium emarginato. Long.
Corp. fere lin. 1.

Hah. — Swan River^ Nov. Holl. ; sub corticibus arborum
mortuarum. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

In Mus. HojDoiano Oxoniae.

Sp. 3. Ectrephes Kingii, n. sp.

E. totus luteo-fulvusj subnitidus; capite brevi^ anten-
narum clava magna, fere plana, ovali, apice vix angulato,
marginibus subundulatis; prothorace antice striolato,
postice profunde impresso, lateribus in medio angulatis
et pone angulum cicatricosis ; elytris fere rotundatis,
striato-punctatis ; tibiis omnibus ante medium subangu-
latis. Long. corp. lin. |.

Hah. — Swan River. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

PoLTPLOCOTESj n. g.

Genus Ectrephidem cum Ptinidis conjungens. Corpus
parvum, nitidum ; pedibus longis, simplicibus, tarsis pen-
tameris. Caput pronum, ante antennas subrostratum,
pone antennas utrinque constrictum ; mandibulee magnae,
conicae; maxillae, cum palpis, omnino ut in Ectrephide;
antennge crassee, 9-articulat£e, articulo 8° incrassato,
ultimo parvo, truncato. Prothorax margine antico elevate,
pone medium impressione profunda curvata, in incisionem
lateralem utrinque terminata. Elytra ovalia, basi sulcis
profundis impressa. Pedes approximati, binis posticis
inter se magis distantibus.

This interesting genus satisfactorily solves the question
of the affinity of Ectrephes with the Ptinidce.

Sp. L Polyplocotes longicolUs, n. sp.

P. niger, nitidus; antennis rugosis; prothorace ob-
longo, sulco transverse prope marginem anticum, disco
punctate, pone medium semicirculariter impresso, strio-
lato ; elytris ad basin sulcis 6 profundis, dorso striato-
punctatis. Long. Corp. fere lin. 1^.

Hah. — Swan River.

In Mus, Hopeiano Oxoniae.

and other Exotic Coleoptera. 317

Sp. 2. Polyplocotes nitidus, n. sp.

P. piceo-niger^ glaberrimus ; antennis crassioribus^ lae-
vibus, nitidis, setosis; prothorace subquadrato, nitido,
impunctato, impressione tenuissima postica notato ; ely tris
glabris, impunctatis, basi vix sulcatis. Long. corp.
lin. 1.

Hah. — Swan River.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonise.

DiPLOCOTES, n. g.

Genus vel subgenus Ptinorum. Antennse crassaB,
ll-articulatte; articulo 10°incrassato, et 3 antecedentibus
simul sumptis gequante; ultimo parvo, fere rotundato.
Caput et prothorax omnino ut in Polyplocote. Elytra
ovalia, globosa, punctato-striata, et setosa. Pedes satis
elongati, simplices; tarsis 5-articulatis, inermibus.

This insect in its peculiar antennas connects Polyplo-
cotes with Ptiniis, especially with such species as Ptinus
hololeucus, &c.

Sp. 1. Diplocotes Howittanus, n. sp.

D. totus castaneuSj elytris magis fulvescentibus ; seto-
sus; antennarum articulis 2-9 moniliformibus ; pronoto
striolato, pone medium impressione curvata ad incisionem
lateralem utrinque extensa et striolis profundioribus no-
tata ; elytris punctato-striatis. Long. corp. lin. 1.

Hah. — Gawler, Adelaide, Nov. Holl. (Dom. Odewahn.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxonise.

Chlamydopsis, n. g.

Genus Chlamydem habitu et Ectrephidem certo mode
simulans; sed inter Byrrhidas (praesertim Murmidium,
lje?ich.=: Geutocerum, Schiipp.) et Histeridas intermedium.
Corpus parvum, contractum, fere globosum ; pedibus con-
tractilibus, contra latera corporis arete applicatis. Pro-
thorax antice profunde incisus pro receptione capitis.
Caput in prothorace fere omnino retractile (partes oris in
individuis unicis haud examinatae) ; antennge 9-articulatae,
articulo 1° magno subtrigono, 7 proximis gracilibus, 4-8
minutis, 9° (vel clava) prsecedentibus 6 longitudine aequali
vel longiore, exarticulato. Elytra humeris valde gibbosis,

318 Prof. Westwood on Ectrephes

gibbositate in medio intus luteo-setosa. Metasternum
maximum, coxis pedum, posticorum baud prominulis.
Pedes sub-elongati, tibiis depressis pro receptione tarso-
rum simplicium et 5-articulatorum. Abdomen segmento
basali maximo.

Sp. 1. Chlamydopsis Duhoulaii, n. sp.

C. tota castanea, nitida ; pronoto subcylindrico, an-
guHs posticis lateraliter porrectis, disco punctis ovali-
bus notato ; elytris sparsim granulato-tuberculatis, se-
tosis. Long. Corp. lin. 1.

Hah. — Champion Bay, Nov. HoU. (Dom. Du Boulay.)

I have much pleasure in dedicating this species to a
gentleman who has devoted a great share of his attention
"whilst in Australia to the collection of minute and sin-
gular species of Goleoptera, including also the following
species (exhibited at the same Meeting of the Society by
Mr. Pascoe ; see Proceedings, 1869, p. xv) .

Sp. 2. Chlamydopsis striatella, n. sp.

C. piceo-nigra, subnitida, pronoto transverse, margine
antico acute elevate, angulis anticis auriculato-incisis,
punctis longis setigeris obsito ; elytris subquadratis,
dorso valde irregularibus, spatio medio antico fossulato,
humeris acute elevatis et sinuatis, parte dimidia postica
striolis numerosissimis obsita. Long. corp. lin. 1^.
Hah. — Swan River. (Dom. Du Boulay.)
This species seems to connect Ectrephes with certain
Jlisteridoe, such as Hetcerius, and especially with Terapus
(De Marseul, Ann. Soc. Ent. France, 1862, p. 680,
pi. vii) .

Genus Articerus.

Sp. 1. Articerus tumidus, n. sp.

A. castaneo-rufus, vix nitidus, punctatus, luteo-setosus ;
capitis lateribus subparallelis, antennis ovalibus, basi
anguste pedunculatis, apice subtruncatis ; prothorace
breviter ovato, subdepresso, canali brevi centrali longi-
tudinali instructo ; elytris sutura nigricante, absque linea

and other Exotic Coleoptera. 319

impressa longitudinali contigua; tarsis articulis 2 basali-
bus brevissimis, longe setosis ; femoribus intermediis
valde inflatis, prothoracem magnitudine aequantibus ;
tibiis omnibus apicem versus latioribus, depressis ; abdo-
mine postice paullo latiore. Long. corp. lin. |.
Hab. — Swan River. (Dona. Du Boulay.)
It is possible that this insect may be the male of A.
setipes, Westw.

Sp. 2. Artieerus Amazonicus, n. sp.

A.- castaneo-rufus, subnitidus; capitis parte antica
(ante oculos) angustiore, subquadrato, antice paullo
latiore ; antennis capitis longitudine, subcylindricis,
rectis, sensim ad apicem crassioribus setosis, apice ipso
truncate; prothorace latiore quam longo, versus caput
angustato, subrugoso, postice in medio impressione lasvi
notato, marginibus lateralibus rotundatis ; elytris pro-
thorace multo latioribus, preesertim postice, striola sub-
suturali, alterisque 2 abbreviatis basalibus postice con-
vergentibus ; pedibus gracilibus, tibiis simplicibus,
sensim e basi attenuata crassioribus. Long. corp. lin. |.

Hab. — Amazonia sup. (Dom. Bates.)

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

Genus Paussus.
Sp. 1. Paussus Burchellianus, n. sp.

P. totus castaneo-fulvus, setosus, nitidus; capite antice
emarginato, antennarum clava supra oblonge excavata,
marginibus excavationis tuberculatis, tuberculis setigeris,
angulo supero basali in spinam longam tenuem apice ob-
tuse producto; prothorace bipartite, parte antica angus-
tiore, hujus margine antico transversim carinato et ad
latera utrinque spina tenui obtusa armato ; medio pronoti
profunde impresso ; pedibus longis, gracilibus, simplici-
bus. Long. corp. lin. 2.

Hab. — Graham's Town, Afric. austr.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniae.

Genus Aprostoma, Guerin.
Aprostoma, Guerin-Meneville, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 171.
Sp. 1. Aprostoma filum, Guer., I. c.
The type of this genus inhabits Madagascar, and is, I

320 Prof. Westwood on Exotic Coleoptera.

believe^ still unique in the collection of M, Guerin-Mene-
ville^ who in 1842 allowed me to make a careful figure of
it, and who considered it to be allied to Oalodromus among
the Breyithidce, and to Colydium. The former relation-
ship is due only to the very elongate and slender form of
the insect. The latter is its genuine afl&nity, as is proved
by the structure of the different parts of the mouth.

Sp. 2. Aprostoma planifrons, n. sp.

A. filiforme, cylindricum, nigrum, nitidum ; capite sub-
quadrato, supra piano, glabro, margine omni verticis acute
elevato; antennis apicem versus sensim sed paullo cras-
sioribus, et prothorace e 4a parte brevioribus ; prothorace
crebre punctate, linea media longitudinali impresso ;
elytris striis impressis punctatis notatis, linea elevata e
medio utriusque ad apicem extensa. Long. corp. lin. 5.

iZa&.— River Niger, Africa.

In Mus. Hopeiano Oxoniag.

( 321 )

XXI. Notes on Eastern Butterflies; (continued). By
Alfred R. Wallace, F.Z.S., V.-P. Ent. Soc, &c.

[Read 7th June and 5th July, 1869.]

Fam. EURYTELID^.

Genus Elymnias, Hiibner.

[Melanitis, part, Fabr.)

I follow Mr. F. Moore in adopting Hiibner's name for
this genus, in preference to Melanitis of Fabricius,
which has been used by most authors down to Westwood
and Felder, but which properly belongs to a genus of
SatyridcB, of which Leda and Banhsia are the types.

It contains a number of remarkable insects differing
in style of colouration, but often resembling species of
other families, especially Danaidce and Morphidce. It
is somewhat widely distributed, ranging from West
Africa to New Guinea; but the bulk of the species are
found in the Malay Archipelago, where they are equally
distributed between the Indo-Malayan and Austro-Ma-
layan regions. None, however, are yet known from
Australia. In the " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,"
twelve species are given as then known, two being from
Africa, two from India, and eight from the Malayan
Islands. Several species have since been described by
Mr. Hewitson and others; to which I now add eight
from my own collection and that of the British Museum,
making a total of thirty-one Eastern species.

It is interesting to observe, that the species from the
Austro-Malayan Islands form a compact group, distin-
guished by a regular and somewhat rounded outline of
wings, and resembling in colouration some of the broad-
winged Euploece, or the genus Drusilla ; while the species
of India and the Indo-Malayan Islands, are almost
always characterised by a more irregular outline, Avaved,
toothed, or even caudate, and generally coloured like
species of Danais, or the more elongate forms of
Euploea.

These are forest-haunting insects, frequenting chiefly
damp places where there is a dense herbaceous vegeta-
tion. Their flight is slow, resembling that of the Saty-
ridcp. and Morphidce.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART IV. (AUGTJST) . 2 B

322 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

1. Elymnias undularis.

(^ . Papilio undtdaris, Fabr. Ent; Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 127 ;
Cramer, 256. A. B.; Melanitis undularis, Horsf.
Cat. Lep. E. I. C. pi. iii. f. 24, pi. viii. f. 8 ;
Bihlis undularis, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 326.

? . Papilio protogenia, Cramer, 189. F. C ; Fabr.
Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 117 ; Elymnias protogenia,
Hiibn. Verz. b. Schmett. n. 323; Bihlis proto-
genia, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 327.

Sab. — Singapore, Malacca, Borneo, Java, Lombock,
Flores, Timor (Wall.) ; N. India (B. M.).

The ferruginous band on the hind-wings is often
obsolete, and in a specimen from Borneo, in the British
Museum, the blue spots have also almost disappeared.
Some females nearly resemble the males, but are more
dusky ; others are rufous, as in protogenia, Cr. Speci-
mens from Ceylon have the rufous band more intense,
and in some extending on the margin of the anterior
wings, where the blue spots are almost obsolete. This
very variable species cannot be separated into its local
forms, or races, without much more complete materials
than at present exist.

2. Elymnias Esaca.

Melanitis Esaca, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 405 ;
Hewits. Ex. Butt. iii. pi. li. f. 5.

ifafe.— N. W. Borneo (Coll. WaU.) .

A species with remarkably rounded wings, but in its
type of colouration allied to E. undularis.

3. Elymnias Dusaea.

Melanitis Dusara, Horsf. Cat. Lep. E. I. C. Mus.
pi. V. f. 7. c?.

Female. Like the male, but the pale bands are
broader, and somewhat yellower, and contain three or four
small pale spots on the hind-wings.

.ffa&.— Java (Coll. Wall., B. M.) .

071 Eastern Butterjiies. 323

Mr. Butler identifies Dusara of Horsfield with Fan-
thera, Fab. (Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i. p. 75) . The description,
however, does not appear to me suflBciently precise to
refer it with certainty to the present species ; I therefore
retain Horsfield's name, identified by a good figure as
well as by typical specimens.

4. Elymnias lutescens.

Elymnias lutescens, Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd
Ser. XX. 404, pi. iv. f. 10. ? .

Hab. — Malacca, Sumatra (Wall.) ; Borneo (B. M.).

The female from Sumatra has less red on the upper
wings, one from Borneo has the pale bands almost obso-
lete, while another has them more distinct, especially
across the apex of the anterior wings. Males from Borneo
are much darker than E. Dusara, with the pale band on
the hind- wings narrower, and enclosing a row of four or
five distinctly ocellate spots.

I was at first disposed to class all these forms as
variations of E. Dusara, but as that species seems to be
very constant in both sexes, with little diflTerence be-
tween them, I have thought it better to keep it distinct ;
while the great variation that occurs in Bornean speci-
mens, and their close approximation to those from
Sumatra and Malacca, render it difficult to separate the
forms of these islands.

6. Elymnias Mehida.

Melanitis Mehid'a, Hewits. Ex. Butt. iii. pi. li.
f. 2, 3. (c?.)

Sfl-?).— Singapore (Coll. Wall., type) .

6. Elymnias Egialina.

Melanitis Egialina, Feld. Nov. Voy, Lep. p. 452,
pi. Ixi. f. 7, 8.

Eah.— Luzon (Coll. Feld.) .

7. Elymnias Thycana, n. s.
Near E. Egialina, Felder; rather larger.

2b 2

324. Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Male. Above, anterior wings like E. Egialina, but
with less white, and the blue tint extending further on
the disc ; hind- wings with a large ochreish-white patch
covering the abdominal region and centre of the wing,
the base slightly bluish. Beneath, the anterior wings
irregularly blotched, and irrorated with white; hind- wings
with a large patch of ochre-yellow, extending to the
abdominal margin and continued by paler spots to the
inner margin, above and attached to which are two or
three dull red spots not extending into the discoidal
cell.

Female. Above, paler, with the bluish and white por-
tions more diffused. Beneath, very much whiter, with
finer irrorations, and the yellow patch more diftused.

Hah.— India (Coll. B. M., type) .

This, and its allies, resemble Pieridce, of the genus
Thyca.

8. Elymnias bokneensis, n. s.

Allied to M. Egialina, Felder.

Female. Above, dusky; anterior wings with a slaty
transverse band, midway between the end of the
discoidal cell and the apex, which is continued by
spots to the outer angle ; from the lowest spot a stripe
goes to the base of the wing, and within the next two
spots are shorter yellowish stripes. Hind-wings with a
broad yellowish-white band across the centre, from the
abdominal margin to the first median nervure ; base
bluish; a submarginal row of three or four small dusky
spots ocellated with bluish.

Beneath, dusky, irrorated with yellowish on the outer
half; lower wings with two large reddish spots at the
base, the broad central band ochre-yellow, the row of
six ocellate spots very distinct, also one towards the
base, near the inner margin, and two obscure spots near
the apex of the upper wings. Antennae strongly ringed,
dusky, yellow beneath.

Expanse 2-| inches.

Hah. — Sarawak, Borneo (Coll. Wall., type).

on Eastern Butterflies. 825

9. Elymnias penanga.

Melanitis penanga, Westw. Gen. Diurn, Lep. p. 405.
{nee Hewitson).

Hab. — Penang (B. M., type) .

10. Elymnias sumatrana.

Melanitis penanga, He wits. Ex. Butt. iii. pi. li. f. 1, 4.
(nee Westwood.)

Hah. — Sumatra (Coll. "Wall., type).

This species is remarkably like M. penanga, but as the
conspicuous golden-yellow spot on the costal margin of
the hind-wings (underside) is entirely absent, and as it
also differs in the white patch on the hind-wings above,
and in their somewhat more angular outline, I feel com-
pelled to separate it.

11. Elymnias Lais.

Papilio Lais, Cram. 110. A. B.; Fabr. Ent. Syst. iii.
pt. i. p. 58; Biblis Lais, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 326;
Melanitis Lais, Doub. West. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep.;
Elymnias Lais, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 237.

Hah. — Sumatra (Wall. cJ • ? Oj Java, Borneo (B. M.
<^. ?).

The Java specimens (Cramer*s types) agree very
closely with those of Sumatra and Borneo in the males.
The female is paler and yellower in colour, and rather
larger. A female from Sumatra, collected by myself,
difiers considerably ; the markings are much less distinct,
of a pale yellowish colour, except at the apex, where
they are bluish; and the ground colour is rich brown.
This specimen, to some extent, connects this species
with E. Casiphone.

12. Elymnias Casiphone.

Elymnias Casiphone, Hiibn. Samm. Exot. Schmett. iii.

pi. 18 ?

m&.— Java (Coll. Wall., B. M. c?) .

A species closely allied to E. Lais, but of very different
colouration.

326 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

13, Elymnias Timandra, n. s.

Like E. Lais; outline of wings more dentate, especially
on the hind- wings.

Male. Above, like E. Lais, but the markings broader,
and of a rich verditer blue on the upper- wings ; beneath,
the base of the wings is much darker.

Female. Wings more elongate; markings pale ochre,
tinged with bluish on the upper-wings, the tooth at the
outer angle of the hind-wings forming a short tail.

Hah. — Sylhet, Moulmein (Brit. Mus., type) .

Very closely allied to E. Lais, but the different outline
of the wings, and distinct colouring, render it necessary
to separate it.

14, Elymnias Kamara.

Elymnias Kamara, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p, 239.
Hah. — Java (B. M. $ .) .

15, Elymnias Ceryx,

Melanitis Ceryx, Boisd. Sp. Gen. Lep. pi. 56. f. 8.

Male. Wings more elongate, with the costa less arched
than in E. Lais; whitish ash colour, with the veins and
the outer margin of all the wings blackish bordered, in
the border is a row of white spots which on the upper-
wings are larger, ovate, and disposed in a very sinuate
line ; the anal angle is tinged with ferruginous. Beneath,
ferruginous brown, the whitish portions more restricted
than above, and the margins beyond the row of spots
with coarse white irrorations.

Female. Paler, and less distinctly marked.

Expanse 3-3^ inches.

Hah.— Java (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

The underside of this species is well figured by Bois-
duval. I obtained specimens in Java, but it appears to
be rare.

16. Elymnias leucocyma.
Bihlis leucocyma, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 326.
Hah.— ^orth India (B. M., Coll. Wall.) .

on Eastern Butterflies. 327

17. Elymnias patna.

Melanitis patna, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 405.

i7a&.— India (B. M.) .

A fine species, somewhat like E. leucocyma, but with
spots beneath as in E. Hewitsoni.

18. Elymnias Malelas.

Melanitis malelas, Hewits. Ex. Butt. iii. pi. li. f. 6,7.

Hab. — East India (Coll. Saunders and Hewitson) .

Allied to E. leucocyma, but differing in the smooth
outline of the wings, and the produced outer angle of
the hind- wings.

19. Elymnias Vasudeva.

Elymnias Vasudeva, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 238.
Hah. — Darjeeling (E. I. Museum) .

20. Elymnias Hewitsoni.

Melanitis leucocyma, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 53,
pi. ix. f. 34 [nee Biblis leucocyma, Godt.) .

^a6.— Macassar, S. Celebes (Coll. Wall., B. M.) .

Female. Brown, with a purple gloss on the upper-
wings, and a white band from the middle of the costa
towards the outer angle; under-wings with the white
submarginal spots small, and above them a white band
from the median vein to the abdominal margin. Beneath ;
with the white bands less distinct, the spots as in Mr.
Hewitson^s figure, but smaller. The irroration very coarse
and whitish.

This species does not at all agree with Godart's descrip-
tion, which is of an insect closely allied to E. undularis.
I have therefore named it after Mr. Hewitson, who has
so carefully figured it.

21. Elymnias Hicetas, n. s.

Male. Form of M. Hewitsoni; the subcostal vein not
so close to its second branch as in that species, and the

328 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

lower disco-cellular circular instead of elliptical. Above,
blackish-purple or brown, a curved band across the apex,
continued along the costal and outer margins to the anal
angle, pale bronzy-blue ; the spots on the hind- wing much
smaller and nearer to the margin than in M, Hewitsoni,
and the two next the outer angle wanting. Beneath,
irrorated as in M. Heivitsoni, the submarginal spots of the
anterior wings absent; on the hind- wings the costal spot
much smaller, and the marginal spots as above.
Hah. — Macassar, S. Celebes (Coll. Wall., type) .

This fine species is very closely allied to M. Hewitsoni,
and being from the same locality, was at first considered
to be a variety, but a more close examination showed that
it difi'ered slightly in many important points, and must
be considered as perfectly distinct.

22. Elymnias cum^a,

Melanitis cmncea, Fold. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 452, pi. Ixi.
f. 9, 10.
Hab.—Gilolo (Coll. Feld.) .
A fine species, very near to 31. Hicetas.

23. Elymnias Mimalon.

Melanitis Mimalon, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1861, p. 52,
pi. ix. f. 1,2 (c?).
Sa6.— Menado, N. Celebes (Coll. Wall., B. M.) .

24. Elymnias Vitellia.

Papilio Vitellia, Cram. 349. E. F.; Godt. Enc. Meth. ix.

397.
Melanitis stellaris, Vollenh. Tijd. Ent. iv. 159, ? .
Hah. — Amboyna, Ceram (Coll. Wall., B. M.) .

25. Elymnias viminalis, n. s.

Male. Form of ^. Vitellia; the second branch of the
subcostal vein more divergent.

Above, uniform brownish -black, a narrow margin on
the anterior, a broad one on the posterior wings, earthy-

on Eastern Butterflies. 329

brown. Beneath, marked as in E. ViielUa, but the spots
have a greenish-yellow tinge, and those on the hind-wings
are placed nearer the posterior margin.

Hah.— Bouvn (Coll. Wall., type).

Very close to E. Vitellia, of which it may be considered
to be a local modification.

26. Elymnias Cybele.

Melanitis Cyhele, Fold. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1860, p. 248.
Hah. — Batchian, Kaioa Is., Ternate (Wall.) .

27. Elymnias Melias.

Melanitis Melias, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1863,
p. 120; Nov. Voy. Lep. tab. Ixi. f. 11.

Hah. — Bourias, Locban (Philippines) .
A remarkable black and white species, resembling an
Euploea.

28. Elymnias papua, n. s.

Male. Above, dusky purplish-black, the hind-wings
paler towards the outer margin, towards the centre of
which are a few groups of pale ochreish scales forming
indistinct spots. Beneath, dusky, the margins paler,
especially on the lower wings, which have also three
bluish-white round spots parallel to the inner margin, and
two very minute ones near the outer margin.

Expanse 2f inches.

Hah. — New Guinea (Coll. Wall., type) .

This species closely resembles an Euploea.

29. Elymnias Melane.

Melanitis Melane, Hewits. Proc. Zool. Soc. 1858, p. 465,
pi. Iv. f. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Hah.—Axu Islands, Ke Islands (Coll. Wall., B. M.).

Males. Mr. Hewitson's fig. 1, represents a male from
the Aru Islands ; one from the Ke Islands has the whitish
band on the hind-wings much broader, and the black
spots without ocelli.

330 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Females. Mr. Hewitson's fig. 2, represents one from
Ke Islands ; another from Aru is much darker, and has
the white patch on the anterior wings reduced. Fig. 3 is
from the Aru Islands. Fig. 4 is from the Ke Islands.

It is difficult to determine whether the forms from
these two islands should be separated. There are some
difi'erences in neuration, but a close examination of all
my specimens has shown that these are not constant in
both sexes. It will, perhaps, be better therefore to leave
them together till a more extensive series from both
islands may enable us to determine if any constant dif-
ferences exist.

30. Elymnias Melantho, n. s.

Rather smaller than E. Melane, the second branch of
the subcostal vein arising further from the end of the cell
in both sexes.

Male. Above, purplish -brown-black, apex of the an-
terior wings slaty-blue, hind-wings with a bluish border
and ocelli, as in the less strongly marked specimens of E.
Melane. Beneath, nearly as in the Aru form oiE. Melane,
but the apex of the upper wings is less distinctly marked.

Female. Dusky, a whitish patch towards the apex of
each wing, with an obscure ocellus and one spot on each
hind-wing ; beneath, as above, with three very dark large
ocellate spots on a small patch of rufous-orange.

Hah. — Gagie Is. (West of Waigiou) (Wall., type) .

This seems to be an extreme form of E. Melane, the
most obvious difference is in the whole basal and central
portion of the hind- wings beneath in the female being
dark, whereas the disc is white in all the forms of E.
Melane which I have seen.

31. Elymnias Agondas.

^ . Dyctis Agondas, Boisd. Voy. Astrol. Ent. p. 138,
pi. iii. f. 5.

9 . Dyctis hioculattis, Westw. Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 354,
pi. 54*, f. 4 {nee Morplio hioculatus, Guer.) .

Hab.—New Guinea, Mysol (Wall.) .
This species may be readily distinguished from E. Me-
lane, by having only one or two ocelli near the anal angle ;

on Eastern Butterflies. 331

as well as by the form and position of the ocelli in the
female. In some males, the pale bronze border is
dilated on the hind-wings into a broad whitish band.
The Morpho hioculatus of Guerin, with which the female
has been confounded, is a Drusilla, which wonderfully
resembles it above.

Genus Euettela, Boisduval.

This essentially African genus is represented in the
Malayan Islands by two very well-marked species, both
of which appear to be somewhat rare, while it has not yet
been found in India, a peculiarity of distribution which
is analagous to that of the anthropoid apes.

1. EURYTBLA CaSTELNAVI.

Eurytela Castelnaui, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1860, p.
401; Nov. Voy. Lep. tab. Ixi. f. 5, 6.

Hab. — Singapore, Borneo (Wall.); Malay Peninsula
(Feld.) .

A remarkable species, of a deep ultramarine blue, with-
out gloss.

2. Eurytela Horsfibldi.

$ . Eurytela Horsfieldi, Boisd. Faun. Ent. Madagasc. p. 54.
? . E. Stephensi, Boisd. lib. cit. p. 55.
Hab. — Java.

Though so different in colour, there can be little doubt
that these two insects are the sexes of one species, since
the structure of the feet shows that the blue are males,
and the brown females.

As BoisduvaPs descriptions are given in a work where
they would not be expected to occur, I repeat them here.

'^ Eurytela Horsfieldi. Alis dentatis, supra nigro-cyanes-
centibus, fascia commvmi discoidali evanescente dilutiori ;
subtus fusco-grisea, lineis 4 undulatis fuscis, posticis
rotundatis, anticis apice productis."

''Eurytela Stephensi. Alis dentatis, fusco-ferrugineis,
lineis 4 undulatis fuscis, fasciaque discoidali communi, in
anticis interrupta, lutea; subtus pallidioribus, posticis
rotundatis, anticis apice productis.^'

332 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Genus Eegolis, Boisduval,

This genus has been placed by Mr. Moore among the
Nymphalidce near Precis, some of the species of which are
very similar in colouration. Its larva, as figured from
Horsfield's drawings, also agrees with the Junonia type,
but the perfect insect, in the details of its neuration and
other characters, is unmistakeably allied to the rest of
the Eurytelidce. It seems probable, therefore, that as we
know sometimes happens, the larva alone has become
modified, so as to resemble a group with which it has no
direct affinity.

These are smaller insects than Elymnias, and frequent
more open situations, fluttering among herbage, and
having much the habit of the more active Satyridce. They
range from Africa through India to Timor and the Mo-
luccas, and though tolerably abundant in individuals, do
not comprise more than a dozen known sjiecies.

1. Ergolis Aeiadne.

Papilio Ariadne, Linn. Syst. Nat. ii. 778; Fabr. Syst.
Ent. p. 507.

Papilio Goryta, Cram. 86. E. F. ; Ariadne Coryta, Horsf.
Cat. Lep. E. I. C. pi. vi. f. 2 ; Ergolis Coryta, Doubl. Gen.
Diurn. Lep. p. 411.

Hah. — Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Flores, Timor, Formosa
(Wall.); Sylhet, Mysore (B. M.).

The description of Linnseus, "alis angulatis,'' and his
locality " Java,'' agrees with this species, rather than with
the Merione of Cramer, with which it has sometimes been
confounded.

2. Ergolis Merione.

Papilio Merione, Cram. 144. G. H.

Ergolis Ariadne, Doubl. List Lep. B. Mus. pt. 1, p. 145;
Gen. Diurn. Lep. p. 411 {nee Linn.).
Hah. — North and Central India.

Distinguished from E. Ariadne by its less angular wings,
and more zigzag markings. A variety in the British
Museum has paler wings, variegated with some yellowish
spots.

on Eastern Butterflies. 333

3. Ergolis luzonia.

Ergolis luzonia, Felder, Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 450.
Hah. — Luzon.

This species seetns to be a local modification of E.
Ariadne, rather larger^ with slight differences in the
markings, and the subapical white spot nearly or quite
obsolete.

4. Ergolis Is^us, n. s.

Outline of wings nearly even, with an angular lobe on
the upper-wings, waved striae somewhat as in E. Coryta,
but disposed in pairs, no white spot near the apex ; on
the hind-wings a series of distinct sub-lunulate ring
markings, each enclosing an obscure reddish spot.

Beneath, upper wings dusky, the disc reddish-brown,
the borders pale, a dusky streak parallel to the outer
margin; lower wings pale brown, the markings as above,
but the lunulate ring spots smaller, the outer border ashy
brown.

The female is like the male, but paler, especially beneath.

Size of ^. Coryta.

Hah. — Singapore, Sumatra (Coll. Wall., type) .

This species has probably been confounded with E.
Coryta, from which the even outline of the wings, and
the absence of the white spot, at once distinguish it.

5. Ergolis taprobana.

Ergolis taprohana, Westw. Gen, Diurn. Lep. p. 410, pi.

68, f. 4.

Faft.— Ceylon (B. M.) .

A dark rusty-coloured species, with the upper-wings
less angular than in E. Isceus.

6. Ergolis timora, n. s.

Male. Above, rich orange-brown. ; the outer margins,
and the base within a waved line, dusky ; the outer edge
scallopped, as in E. Coryta, but not marked with white, a
submarginal waved line bounding the dusky border
within, blackish. Beneath, rich brown, the basal half

334 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

concentrically marked with dusty white bands^ which
colour appears also in patches on the outer margins; a
distinct white spot near the apex of the upper- wings, as
in E. Coryta.

Expanse 2 inches.

Hab.— Timor (Wall., type) .

7. ErGOLIS TiENIATA.

Ergolis tceniata, Feld. Wien. Eut. Monats. 1861, p. 303;
Nov. Voy. Lep. pi. Ixi. f. 1, 2. ? .

Bah. — Luzon (B. M.).

A distinct and very handsome species, distinguished
by a broad rufous-yellow band on a brown ground-colour.

8. Ergolis adelpha.
Ergolis adelpha, Feld. Wien. Ent. Monats. 1861, p. 303.
Hah. — Mindanao.

Closely allied to E. tceniata, but smaller, and the an-
terior wings more angulate.

2. Ergolis obscura.

Ergolis ohscura, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 450, pi. Ixi. f. 3, 4.

Hah.—'' Halmaheira," Gilolo (Felder).

This very distinct species may be at once distinguished
from the rest of the genus by its uniformly rounded
wings. It is of a dusky colour, and the usual markings
are nearly obliterated.

Fam. LIBYTHEID^.
Genus Libtthba, Fabricius.

This small group is of world-wide distribution, and
like all such, is a frequenter of open grounds, plains,
river-banks, and sea-shores, rather than the virgin
forest. The species are all small, and in the activity of
their motions resemble the lesser Nymphalidce. Dr. Felder
places them between the Erycinidoi and Danaidce.

on Eastern Butterflies. 335

1. LiBYTHEA MyBEHA.

Idbythea Myrrha, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 171; Hiibn.
Zutrage, f. 789, 790; G. R. Gray, Lep. Ins. Nepaul,
p. 15, pi. xii. f. 4.

Hah. — N. and S. India ; Yar. Ceylon and S. India
(B. M.) ; Var. Borneo (Coll. Wall.) ; Java (Godt.).

Varies much in the width of the bands and the size of
the spots ; specimens from Ceylon and S. India have
these very much reduced and paler, the apical spots
being nearly white. Specimens which have recently
arrived from Borneo, have the wings somewhat less fal-
cate, and less dentate behind, but as the species varies
so much, these can hardly be separated.

2. LiBYTHEA LePITA.

Lihythea Lepita, Moore, Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p. 240.

" Differs from L. Myrrha in the ferruginous streak
from the base of the fore-wings being divided into two
portions" (Moore.).

Hab.—N. India, Bootan (E. I. Mus.).

3. LiBYTHEA NaRINA.

Lihythea Narina, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 171.
Lihythea Neratia, Feld. Nov. Voy. Lep. p. 313.
Ba&.— Coram, Gilolo (Wall. $ .) .
This resembles the African species L. Lahdaca ;
Godart's locality, ^^ Java," is, probably, erroneous.

4. LiBYTHEA GeOFFROYI.

Lihythea Geofroyi, Godt. Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, ii.
Lep. pi. 2; Enc. Meth. ix. 813.

Female. Above, blackish-brown, the basal and anal
regions reddish-brown. Anterior wings with four white
spots, two transverse near the apex, as in the male but
larger, a small oval spot at the end of the cell, and a
much larger one below it. Hind-wings with the trans-
verse orange band more distinct than in the male.

Beneath; the spots as above, a basal stripe of dull
orange, the apex of the anterior wings and the whole
surface of the hind-wings of a reddish-ash colour, with a
few blackish irrorations, which form a very obscure in-
terrupted band across the disc.

336 Mr. A. R. Walkce's Notes

Expanse 2' 2 inches.

Eah.—mmoY, Floras (Wall. c?. ?).

Godart gives " Java" as the locality of his species,
but it is more probable that the specimens came from
some of the islands east of it.

5. LiBYTHEA ANTIPODA.

Lihythea antipoda, Feld. Nov. Voy, Lep. p. 813, pi. xlii.
fig. 9, 10.

S . Var. ?. Apex of fore-wings narrow, and rounded aa
in L. hatchiana, of hind-wings somewhat toothed at the anal
angle, as in L. ceramensis and L. Geoffroyi ; middle
disco-cellular vein curved, lower nearly straight.

Above : fore-wings uniform violet, with four black
veins, and a narrow dusky border ; hind-wings violet,
with a broad posterior and abdominal border.

Beneath: fore-wings ochreish-yellow, slightly irrorated
at the apex, and with two subapical pale spots as in the
allied species ; the lower submarginal spot very faintly
indicated ; hind- wings earthy-brown, irrorated, the
whitish bands not very distinct.

Hob. — Macassar (Wall.) , Philippine Is.

My Macassar specimen agrees with one from the Philip-
pines, but diflFers somewhat from Felder's figure and
description.

6. LiBYTHEA CERAMENSIS, n. S.

Male. Rather larger than L. Geoffroyi, upper-wings
less abruptly notched. Above, the violet-blue tinge ex-
tends over the disc of all the wings, leaving only a dusky
border, the white spots and rufovis band wanting, the
nervures rather broadly dusky. On the underside, the
fore-wings have the apical spots as in L. Geofroyi, but
the lower spots are replaced by an obscure pale band,
and there is no white spot within the cell, which is entirely
rufous : the hind-wings are irrorated, blackish-brown, with
three curved white bands.

Expanse 21 inches.

Hab. — Ceram (Wall., type) .

7. LiBYTHEA BATCHIANA, n. S.

Male. Very close to L. ceramensis, apex of wing more
elongate and rounded, and hind-wings less produced at
anal angle; the middle and lower disco- cellular veins are

on Eastern Butterjiies,

337

more curved. The dusky margins of the wings are much
broader, the veins thicker, and the violet colour darker
and confined to the basal portion of the wings. Beneath,
the colour is rather paler and the bands on the hind-wings
better defined. Rather smaller than L. ceramensis.
Hah. — Batchian (Wall., type) .

Fam. NYMPHALID^.
Genus Cethosia, Fabricius.

No less than fourteen species of this genus have been
recently described by Felder, many of them discovered
by myself. I now add one more, bringing up the number
of described species to twenty-four, of which the follow-
ing is a list. With the exception of three Indian and
one Australian species, all are found in the Malay Archi-
pelago, and are pretty equally distributed between the
Indo-Malayan and Austro-Malayan divisions.

List of the Species of Cethosia.

1. Bihlis, Cr.

2. Javana, Feld.

3. Mcesta, Feld.

4. Amboinensis, Feld.

5. Eurymena, Feld.

6. Picta, Feld.

7. Myrina, Feld.

8. Nicobarica, Feld.

9. Cyame, Fabr.

10. Nietneri, Feld.

11. Penthesilea, Cr.

12. Hypsea,Dh.&B.ew.

{:=Mole, Moo.)

13. Hypsina, Feld.

14. Lueonica, Feld.

15. Mindanen$is,Feld.

16. CydAppe, Linn.

17. Bernsteinii, Feld.

18. Chrysippe, Don.

19. Damasippe, Feld.

175, A. B.
Nov. Voy. p. 384.
Nov. Voy. p. 383.
Nov. Voy. p. 382.
Nov. Voy. p. 384.
Nov. Voy. p. 381.
Nov. Voy. pi. xlviii. f.

3, 4.
Nov. Voy. pi. xlviii. f.

7, 8.
Syst. Ent. p. 503.
Nov. Vov. p. 380.
145, B. C.

Gen. pi. XX. f. 4.

Nov. Voy. p. 385.

Wien. Ent. Mon. vii.

p. 107.
Wien. Ent. Mon. vii.

p. 106.
Clerck, Icon. pi. xxxvi.

f. 1.
Nov. Voy. p. 379.

Ins. N. Holl. pi. xxiv

f. 1.
Nov. Voy. p. 379.

N. India.

Java.

Ceram, Batchian (W.).

Amboyna.

Manilla.

Macassar (W.).

Macassar,Menado(W.).

Nicobar Is.

N. and S. India.

Ceylon.

Java, Lombock, Timor

(W.), India, China.
Java, Borneo (W.).

Singapore, Sumatra

(W.), Malacca.
Luzon.

Mindanao.

Amboyna, Ceram (W.).

Batchian, Gilolo, Mor-

ty (W.).
Australia (W.).

TEANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART IV.

N. Guinea, Aru, My-
sol (W.).

(august) . 2 C

338

20. Cydalina, Feld.

Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Cethosia — continued.

Nov. Voy. p. 380.

21. Cyrene, Wall.

22. Lamar ckii, Godt.

23. LeschenauUii,

Godt.

24. Ohscura, Qner.

infrd.

Enc. Meth. ix. p. 249.

Voy. Coquille, pi. xv.
f. 4.

Goram, Matabello,

Ke (W.).
Waigiou (W.).
Timor (W.), Australia

(B. M.).
Timor (W.).

New Ireland.

Cethosia Cyrene, n. s.

Male. Near G. Cydalina and C. Damasippe j anterior
wings rather more elongate.

Above : blue-black, the basal red portion well-defined,
as in 0. Damasippe, but browner ; the anterior wings
with the marginal lunules more distinctly marked, the
submarginal white spots largest between the first and
second median nervules, decreasing towards the apex, the
white patch rather smaller than in G. Gydalina, but larger
than in G. Damasippe ; posterior wings with the marginal
white lunules distinctly marked, and an inner band of six
white quadrate-lunate spots, divided by fine nervures, and
each enclosing a triangular black spot. Beneath: it differs
from the allied species nearly as above.

Hah . — Waigiou .

This fine species differs at first sight from all its allies
by the conspicuous white band on the hind- wings, which
is sometimes faintly tinged with rufous. It is certainly
as distinct as any others of the Gydippe and Ghrysippe
group.

Genus Cireochroa, Doubleday.

This genus has increased since the date of publication
of the " Genera of Diurnal Lepidoptera,'' from three
species to sixteen, given in the following list, including
three which I now describe as new. Two inhabit India,
and fifteen the Malay Archipelago, nine being found in
the Indo-Malay region, three in Celebes, and two in the
Papuan Islands. They frequent sunny openings in the
forests, and resemble in their flight the genus Argynnis.

on Eastern Butterflies.

3;39

List

q/" Species of CirrocI

iroa .

Aoris, Doubl.

Gen. Diurn. Lep. pi.
xxi. f. 2.

N. India.

Thais, Fabr.

Ent. Syst. iii. pt. i.

Java (W.), Moulmeiu,

p. 149.

Ceylon.

Bajadeta, Moore.

Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p.
150, pi. cxi a. f. 3.

Java.

Malmja, Feld.

Wien. Ent. Mouats. iv.

Singapore, Siimatra

p. 399.

(W.), Malay Penin-
sula.

Calypso, Wall.

infrd.

Borneo (Sarawak).

Clagia, Godt.

Enc. Meth. ix. p. 816.

Java (W.), Singapore
(B. M.).

TycTie, Feld.

Wien. Ent. Monats.
V. p. 301.

Mindoro.

Tlmle, Feld.

Nov. Voy. pi. xlix. f.

1,2.
Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

Macassar,Menado(W.).

Fasciata, Feld.

Mindoro, Siimatra.

p. 236, V. p. 301, Nov.

Voy. pi. xlix. f. 9, 10.

10.

Haetera, Feld.

Nov. "Voy. p. 388.

11.

Eo-vatia, Moore.

Cat. Lep. E. I. C. p.
150.

Borneo (W.).

12.

Orissa, Feld.

Wien. Ent. Monats. iv.

Singapore (W.), Malay

p. 399.

Peninsula (Feld.).

13.

Satyrina, Feld.

Nov. Voy. p. 389.

Celebes (Feld.).

14.

Semiramis, Feld.

Nov. Voy. pi. xlix. f.

3, 4.
Nov. Voy. pi. xlix. f.

5,6.
inM, p. 340.

Macassar (W.).

15.

Regitia, Feld.

Aru Is. (W.).

16.

BucaJis, Wall.

New Guinea, Waigiou

(W.).

CiRROCHROA Calypso, n. s.

Male. Like C. malaya, Feld., outline of wings more
even, upper-wings not so much elongate.

Above : the nervures not black on the outer half of
the wings as in G. malaya, the subapical small yellow
spot absent, the inner row of lunules on the hind-wings
more distant from the margin and less regular than in
0. malaya.

Beneath : on the anterior wings near the apex are four
or five bluish-white lunules, on the hind-wings the trans-
verse band is whiter, narrower, and not suddenly nar-
rowed above the cell as in G. malaya ; the whole under-
surface is of a richer brown, with the lunulate markings
yellowish-brown, not dusky edged.

Expanse 2" 7 inches.

Hah. — Borneo (Wallace) .

2 c 2

340 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Although very close to G. tnalaya, this species is suffi-
ciently distinct both in outline and in characteristic
markings.

CiREOCHROA OrISSA.

S . Felder, Wien. Ent. Monats. I860, p. 399.

Female. Differs from the male, above, in being of a
more earthy-brown colour, and in the median portion of
the upper-wing forming a transverse band of pale brown-
ish-yellow. Beneath, as in the male, but a little paler,
and the transverse band on the upper-wings yellowish
instead of white.

Hah. — Singapore (Wallace); Malay Peninsula (Feld.).

Cirrochroa ducalis, n. s.

Size and form of C. regina, colouration more like C.
Semiramis.

Male. Above : the purple border is narrower than in
C. regina, and the basal orange portion of uniform tint
as in 0. 8emirands.

Beneath : the ground colour is more rufous than in
C. regina, the basal half rufous-orange tinged with
pearly-violet, the silvery-white band is straighter with
more even edges, and the waved submarginal band is
rufous-orange on all the wings, and narrower than in
G. regina.

Hob. — New Guinea, Waigiou (Wallace) .

This is a well-marked local form, which it seems de-
sirable to distinguish from G. regina, a species peculiar
to the Aru Islands.

Genus Terinos, Boisduval.

This beautiful genus contained but a single species
from its establishment in 1836 to 1862, when Mr.
Hewitson described four new ones, two of which were
collected by myself. Felder and Butler have since each
described a species, and I now add two more, bringing
the number up to nine, of which the following is a
list:—

on Eastern Butterjiies .

34-1

List of the species of Terinos.
1. Clarissa, Boisd. Sp. Gen. pi. ix. f. 4.

2. Nympha, Wall.

3. Rohertsia, Butl.

4. Viola, Wall.

5. Terpander, Hewits.

6. Taxiles, Hewits.

7. Abisares, F eld.

8. Tewthras, Hewits.

9. Tethys, Hewits.

infrA, p. 342.

Ann. Nat. Hist. 3rd
Ser. XX. pi. viii. f . 2-4.
infra, p. 343.

Java, Borneo, Singa-
pore (W.).
Borneo (W.).

Malacca, Siiniatra(W.).

Singapore, Sumatra

(W.).
Borneo.

Batchian, Gilolo (W.).
Celebes (W.).
East India.

Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,

p. 90.
I. c. p. 89, pi. X. f. 3, 4.
Nov. Voy. p. 886.
Proc. Zool. Soc. 1862,

p. 89. I

I. c. p. 88, pi. X. f. 1, 2. ' Mysol (W.).

The most striking characteristics of these insects are
the hairy eyeSj and the large plush-like scales which, in
the males, form a large patch on both wings, but which
are often replaced in the females by blue bands and
patches, giving this sex the aspect of a distinct species.
Still more remarkable, however, is the great difference
of neuration presented by the sexes in some of the
species. Mr. Hewitson pointed out the variation in the
position of the lower disco-cellular vein in relation to the
second branch of the median vein, whereby closely allied
species may readily be distinguished. This is undoubtedly
the case ; but by examination of four species of which I
possess both sexes, I find that the difference between
the neuration of the sexes is fully as great as between
that of the most distant species. I find also by measure-
ment and comparison, that the disco-cellular vein retains
a constant position, so that the length of the cell does
not vary, and that it is the branches of the median vein
that alter their position, being, in some cases, very much
further from the base of the wing than in others. In T.
Clarissa the sexual difference is perceptible, but slight.
In T. Eohertsia and T. Taxiles it is very easily seen, as in
the male the second median branch springs from the
same point as the lower disco-cellular, while in the female
it comes almost exactly midway between the first and
second branch. In T. Ahisares the difference is still
more marked, since in the male the disco- cellular arises
in advance of the second median branch, while in the
female it is nearly midway between them. This is a re-
markable illustration of Darwin's law, that when a parti-
cular character varies sexually, it also varies specifically.
As a rule, differences of neuration are generic, rarely

342 Mr. A. K. Wallace's Notes

varying much from closely-allied species to species. Here
we have them as a sexual distinction ; and we also find
them varying in an unusual degree from species to species.
It is a] so very interesting to remark, that in the two species,
T. Eobertsia and T. Viola, the Singapore variety is more
highly coloured, and has the branches of the median
veins more distant from the base of the wing than in the
more rufous-tinged Sumatran specimens, showing a re-
markable correlation between local modifications of tint,
and what are usually important and stable structural
characters.

Terinos Nymph a, n. s.

Male. Form nearly as in T. Clarissa, but the outer
margin of the upper- wings rather less hollowed, and that
of the lower-wings considerably less angulate.

Above : colour as in T. Clarissa, but the velvety patch
extends higher across the upper discoidal vein, while it
does not extend so far towards the base of the wing ;
position of the lower disco- cellular nervure as in T.
T amies. The orange-rufous patch on the hind- wings
contains no dark lunular markings, but has a bluish sub-
marginal line, most distinct near the anal angle, and the
velvety patch at the outer angle extends fully half-way
up the inner margin.

Beneath : the markings are very similar to those of
T. Clarissa, but there is a broad terminal band of pearly-
pinkish- white on the hind- wings.

Expanse 2*9 inches.

Hah. — Sarawak.

Distinct in form, neuration and colouring from the
closely-allied T. Clarissa.

Tekinos Eobertsia.

Butler, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. vol. xx. p. 399,
pi. viii. figs. 2, 3, 4.

Hah. — Malacca (Roberts); Singapore (Wallace).

In this form the disco-cellular meets the median vein
a little nearer the base than the origin of its second
branch.

Local form. A.

Hab. — Sumatra (Wallace).

Browner, with the blue portions more violet, and the
white posterior spots replaced by rufous. The disco-eel-

on Eastern Biitterjiies. 343

lular meets the median vein at the origin of its second
branch.

These two forms are so much alike that, notwith-
standing the difference of neuration, I hardly like to
separate them.

Terinos Viola, n. s.

Male. Form of T. Clarissa, but the apex of the an-
terior wings rather broader and more angulate, the hind-
wings a little more caudate.

Above: violet or violet-brown, the velvety patch ex-
tending over the upper discoidal vein on the anterior
wings. Hind- wings rich violet-blue, or brown tinged
with violet, a velvety patch at the outer angle as in T.
Clarissa, a pale white or brownish patch on the outer
margin, and a submarginal dusky or bluish waved line.

Beneath : rufous-brown, with waved brown markings
on the basal portion of the wings, the hind-wings with a
pale submarginal band enclosing a broad zigzag rufous-
yellow line, within which are four rufous spots.

Expanse 3*5 inches.

Ba6.— Singapore, Sumatra (Wallace) .

Distinguished at once by its angular form and peculiar
colouration. The Sumatra specimen is less deeply
coloured than that from Singapore, and the lower disco-
cellular meets the median vein a little beyond the origin
of its second branch, while in the darker Singapore form
the two meet at the same point. The two forms are, in
other respects, so much alike, that I hesitate to separate
them.

Genus Atella, Doubleday.

I describe one new species of this small and simply-
coloured genus, which now contains nine Eastern
species, as in the following list : —

1. Phalanta, Drury. India, Java, Timor, Macassar.

2. AJcippe, Cram.

3. Celebensis, Wallace.

4. Aruana, Feld.

5. Sinha, KoUar.

6. Egista, Cram.

7. Fasciata, Feld.

8. Gaherti, Guer.

9. Egestina, Quoy and Gaim.

Ceram, Batchian, Gilolo.

Celebes.

Aru Is., Mysol.

Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Timor,

N. India.
Amboyna, Bouru, Batchian, Morty,

N. Guinea.
Sumatra.
Taiti.
Guam.

344 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notrs

These insects frequent sunny open places^ and resemble
in appearance and habits the genus Melitcea.

Atella celebensis, n. s.

Near A. Alcippe ; costa rather more curved, and outer
edge straighter.

Male. Above : on the anterior wings the submarginal
lunules are less defined and thicker, that at the outer
angle forming an elongate spot ; the inner band of spots
is farther from the margin and less regular, and there is
a third row of small lunulate marks which is barely indi-
cated or altogether wanting in A. Alcippe ; the basal
markings are also more distinct. On the hind-wings the
black costal margin is divided throughout by a rufous
line, the transverse line across the disc and the basal
markings are more distinct.

Beneath : the spots and black markings are paler than
in A. Alcippe, and the pale submarginal band enclosing
the row of spots is a little broader.

Female. The spots and markings rather broader and
less defined than in the male, the median band edged
with a line of violet-pink, somewhat as in Messaras
Mceonides.

Expanse 2"1 — 2*4 inches.

Hah. — Macassar (Wallace) .

This species appears sufiiciently distinct from A.
Alcippe, and the appearance in the female of the fine
violet colour of a Celebesian species of the allied genus
Messaras, is very remarkable.

Genus Laogona, Boisduval.

I possess two new species of this small genus, which
brings up the number to six, ranging from India to New
Guinea. These are strong and active insects, frequent-
ing sunny places on the skirts of the forests.

List of Species.

1. Hippocla, Cram.

2. HylcBus, WaU.

3. Hypatia, Wall.

4. Hypselis, Godt.

5. Lilcea, Hewits.

6. Hippalus, Feld.

Java, Celebes, Moluccas.

New Guinea.

Java.

India.

Gilolo.

on Eastern Butterflies. 3i5

Cramer's type of L. Hippoda is from Amboyna. The
specimens from Celebes differ considerably in marking,
and may be distinct. The females of these are brown,
but paler than the males. The Indian form, with a white
female, is probably distinct, and has not yet been
named.

Laogona Hyl^us, n. s.

Male. Allied to L. Hippocla; outline of wings more
even, except the portion between the short tail and the
anal angle, which is more regularly scallopped.

Above: nearly as in L. Kippoda, but the apical and
upper marginal spot wanting on the anterior wings ; on
the hind-wings the two transverse rufous bands are con-
fluent, leaving a broad black margin without any sub-
marginal line.

Beneath: the markings are similar to L. Hippoda,
but rather more diffused.
Expanse 1*8 inch.
Hah. — Dorey, New Guinea (Wall.) .

Laogona Hypatia, n. s.

Male. Form of wings nearly as in L. Hippoda, the
outline a little more even.

Above : the markings are nearly as in L. Hippoda, but
the rufous band and markings are all enlarged, and have
a very irregular outline, especially on the anterior wings.

Beneath : quite distinct from L. Hippoda : the ground
colour whitish ochre, veined in a complicated net-work
with deep rusty brown; near the middle of the outer
margin on the upper- wings is an elongate blackish spot
with a blue centre, enclosed on its inner side with a
horseshoe and a lunule of the ground colour; on the outer
margin of the hind-wings is a row of brown spots enclosed
by a double row of lunules on each side, the two central
spots are violet-ash powdered with black, while the lateral
ones consist of a brown ring with a whitish centre.

Expanse 1"9 inch.

Hah. — Java (Wallace) .

On the under side this insect is somewhat intermediate
between L. Hippoda and L. Hypselis.

346 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Genus Junonia, Hiibner.

The Eastern species of tliis genus are often variable.
The common /. Orithyia appears to vary on the islands
from the continental form^ the females differing much
more markedly from the males. An extreme form of the
female from the Moluccas is that figured by Vollenhoven
as Junonia Royeri. The following species from the island
of Timor is very distinct,

Junonia timorensis, n. s.

Outline of /. Aonis, but the anterior wings a little more
sinuate and more prominently dentate.

Male. Above : rich fuscous-brown^ the base and outer
margins rufous^ a narrow band of three ochre-yellow spots
across the apex of the anterior wings^ the markings in
the cell and the submarginal ocelli as in /. Aonis, but much
less distinct; hind-wings with a triple ocellus towards
the outer angle, the middle one large, next to this a small
one, and another of medium size next the anal angle.

Beneath : dark bronzy-brown, the band of four spots
and one nearer the apex white, the ocelli nearly as above,
but more distinct; on the hind- wing these are placed on
a band of a more bronzy colour, beyond which is a pale
ash coloured margin with two narrow dusky lines.

Female. Like the male, but paler, and the white band
across the apex wanting beneath.

Expanse 2*3 to 2*5 inches.

Hah. — Timor (Wallace) .

Genus Cyrestis, Boisduval.

This is one of the most elegant genera of butterflies,
and the species are remarkable for their habit of settling
frequently on the bare earth and rocks, with the wings
spread out flat, so as fully to display their beautifully
pencilled markings. I obtained seven new species in the
Malay Archipelago, five of which have been already de-
scribed by Felder and Butler. I now ofl"er descriptions
of the other two, one closely allied to G. nivea, and the
other to G. Faulinus, but sufliciently distinct. This brings
the number of described species to twenty, ranging from
India to New Guinea.

on Eastern Butterflies. 347

Cykestis 'Nais, n. s.

Very near G. nivea, but distinguished from it by many
minute differences of form and marking. On the upper
wings the median vein is more abruptly arched beyond
its second branch ; on the hind-wingSj the outer angle is
more prominent, and the tails are vertical instead of
divergent.

Male. Upper side : the space between the two first
cellular strigge is blue instead of brown, the orange spot
at the outer angle is margined on the inuer side with
blue lunules, and the inner marginal streak coincides on
the two wings, forming a regular curved unbroken line,
just within which is a streak of slaty-blue, with a metallic
gloss.

Beneath: the markings are much darker than in C.
nivea, and the ground colour is of a more bluish-pearly
tint; a rufous tinge extends more or less along the mid-
dle of the marginal band on both wings.

Expanse 2-1 inch.

JSa6.— Timor (Wallace).

The continuous marginal strigte on both wings, and
the less divergent tails, at once distinguish this species
from its very close ally C. nivea.

Cyrestis Seneca, n. s.

Very near C. Paulinus, compared with a female of which
the differences are as follows :

Female. Above: the dusky border is much wider,
having a very narrow oblique white band, which is still
further reduced by a faint dusky line just within it ; all
the wings have a very fine submarginal black line, which
is finely edged with white on the anterior wings, while on
the hind-wings it is placed on a narrow white border,
with a dusky edge within the white fringe ; there is an in-
terrupted white line, very faint on the upper- wings, just
beyond the row of dusky ovate white-ringed spots.

Beneath : the dusky margin is much paler than in G.
Paulinus, the black submarginal line is equally defined
as above, and the two central lunules of the posterior
band are considerably smaller than the others. The tails
are long-er than in G. Patilimis.

348 Mr. A. R. Wallace's Notes

Expanse 2*6 inches.

Hab. — Sula Island, Celebes group (Wallace) .

A local form of C. Paulinus, but differs in characters
which in that species seem constant in a large number of
specimens.

Genus Parthenos^ Hiibner.

This genus consists of three large and handsome but-
terflies of the Malay Archipelago, all tolerably abundant
in the islands they inhabit^ but not easy to obtain in fine
condition.

1. P. Gamhrisius, Fabr.

2. P. Sylvia, Cram.

3. P. tigrina, Voll.

ludia, Malacca, Sumatra, Borneo

(Wall.).
Java, Celebes, Sula Is., Batchian,

Ceram, Ke Islands (Wall.); Pe-

naug (Cantor).
New Guinea, Mysol, Waigiou

(Wall.).

Parthenos tigrina.
c? . Vollenh. Tijd. Ent. 1866, p. 210, pi. x. fig. 2.

Female. Differs only in having the submarginal lines
and longitudinal stripes faintly indicated on the black
ground. In one specimen from New Guinea, the pearly
white spots are obsolete, while the markings on the outer
half of the wings are a little more distinct.

Expanse 3' 9 inches.

Hab. — New Guinea, Mysol, Waigiou (Wallace) .

Genus Euripus, Doubleday.

EURIPUS ROBUSTUS, n. s.

Much larger than E. Halitherses, the median tooth of
the hind-wings shorter and more oblique, the anal tooth
wanting.

Male. Above : brown-black, on the anterior wings a
marginal and submarginal row of elongate spots, in pairs,
dusky and indistinct, basal and discal spots arranged as
in E. Halitherses, but less defined. Hind- wings with the

on Eastern Butterflies. 349

basal half white^ divided by narrower black veins than in
E. Halitherses ; a row of very small white spots in pairs
close to the margin, and an inner row of linear spots also
in pairs.

Beneath ; dusky, the markings nearly as in E. Hali-
therses, a large elongate blackish patch parallel to the
inner margin of the anterior wings, the spots on and near
which are bluish and violet.

Expanse 3"1 inch.

Hah. — Tondano, N. Celebes (Wallace).

A very distinct species of this curious little genus.

Genus Apatura, Fabricius.

Apatura macae, n. s.

Near A. Parisatis, but larger, and the anal angle less
produced.

Male. Above : deep bronzy-brown, paler towards the
margin, which is regularly dentate, the intervals white-
edged ; a brown-black submarginal line, within which
is a row of lunulate markings, more distinct on the
hind-wings, which have an oval black spot, orange-
ringed, near the anal angle; on the anterior wing is a
row of five or six white points parallel to the outer
margin.

Beneath : bronzy-reddish-brown, spots in the discoidal
cells nearly as in A. Parisatis, the median transverse
band pale brown, the anal and submarginal spots as
above, but the third and sixth white points are enclosed
in black spots, the latter the largest.

Female. Dark brown, the outer half paler, more or
less tinged with rusty-orange ; an irregular band of
white spots well-defined on the inner edge, begins about
the middle of the costa at the subcostal vein, and form-
ing a broken curve on the anterior wings, passes in a
straight line to about the middle of the abdominal mar-
gin; the other spots and markings are the same as on
the underside of the male.

Beneath, nearly as above, but paler.

Expanse, ,^ , 2-4 inches; ? , 2-5 inches.

Hah. — Macassar (Wallace) .

( 351 )

XXII. On the Australian species q/^ Tetracha. By Edwin
Beown.

[Read 5th July, 1869.]

Specimens of the Australian species of the genus Tetra-
cha have hitherto been very rare in European collections.
Baron Chaudoir in his ''Catalogue de la Collection de
Cicindeletes," published in 1865, only mentions one
species which he possessed from Australia. A recent
importation, however, of specimens, has afforded me the
opportunity of examining several species, which were
previously unknown in this country. Gemminger and
Harold, in Vol. i of their " Catalogus Coleopterorum,"
issued . in 1868, notice the following species of Tetraclia
as from Australia.

Australasice, Hope
australis, Chaud.
hasalis, McLeay
Bostockii, Castel.
crucigera, McLeay
Hopei, Castel. .
humeralis, McLeay
scapularis, McLeay
Waterhousei, Castel.

Port Essington.
Nov. Holl.
Port Denison.
Nov. Holl.
Port Denison.
Nov. Holl.
Port Denison.
Port Denison.
Nov. Holl.

McLeay remarks that of these species, T. humeralis,
scapularis, crucigera, and Australasice, resemble each
other in being more or less margined with yellow. To
this group may also be added, as they are margined in
like manner, T. Hopei and BostocMi, and probably also
T. hasalis, but of the last-mentioned species I have not
yet seen the description.

The species mentioned in the paragraph, as above,
will, therefore, stand as follows : —

Section I. Elytra margined with yellow.
Tetraclia humeralis, . . McLeay.

T. Hopei,

, ,

Castel.

T. scapularis.

McLeay

T. Bostochii,

Castel.

T. crucigera.

•

McLeay

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869.

— PART IV.

(august) .

352 Mr. E. Brown 07i Australian

The identity of Australasioe, of Hope, has still to be
ascertained, as, apparently, specimens do not exist under
that name in Australia. Count de Castelnau suggests
that Australasice, of Hope, is identical with crucigera, of
McLeay ; but he remarks that the insect figured by
White under the name Anstralasioe, in the Voyage of the
' Beagle,^ is certainly the humeralis of McLeay. Unfor-
tunately, Hope's description of Australasice is so imper-
fect, that the question cannot be decided from that alone.
The specimens under the name of Australasice in the
British Museum, are, I believe, from recollection, iden-
tical with humeralis. An examination of the original
Hopeian specimen, now at Oxford, is requisite to set the
matter at rest. The name, however, had better be drop-
ped altogether.

Of the Australian species of Tetraclia, mentioned by
Gemminger and Harold, there remain the australis, of
Chaudoir, and Waterhousei, of Castelnau, neither of
which is margined with yellow; but these are undoubt-
edly two names for one and the same species; and as
Baron Chaudoir's name has priority of date, it must be
used in preference to the other. The second section
will stand thus: —

Section II. Elytra tipped , hut not margined, with
yellow.

Tetracha australis, ChR.ud. zzWaterhotisei, Castel.

The recorded species are consequently reduced to
seven. I have now, however, to mention an eighth, and
new species, said to be from Champion Bay, in Western
Australia, of which I possess two male specimens.

The characters are as follow: —

Section III. Elytra wholly green.

Tetracha p^dchra, n. sp.

$ . Length 7-8 lines ; breadth of elytra 3 lines.

In shape, more cylindrical than any of the other Aus-
tralian species with which I am acquainted.

Elytra brilliant golden-green, the sutures metallic blue ;
coarsely punctured at the base, the punctures gradually

8-pecies of Tetracha. 353

reduced in size until near the apex, where they become
obsolete; the usual subapical line of pits well defined.
Thorax wholly golden-green, with blue and purple re-
flections on the disc and sides. Head the same in colour.
The abdomen has the basal segments green, the apical
segment yellow at the tip, pitchy at the base, the second,
third, and fourth from the apex, pitchy, the last mentioned
green at the sides. Legs: thighs chesnut brown; tibiae
and tarsi obscure yellow, with the tips of all the joints
stained with brown. Antennge yellow. Jaws long and
powerful, yellow; teeth black.

I may remark that all the Australian species of Tetra-
cJia have a peculiar fades, which at once distinguishes
them from the species from America. They are broader,
and more robust insects ; and they all possess a well de-
fined longitudinal subsutural line of pits, situate at about
one-fourth of the width of the elytron from the suture,
curving outwardly as it approaches the apex. This line
of pits does not exist at all in those American species
which I possess, or if there be any trace of it, it is only
in very close proximity to the suture. The Old World
species T. quadrisignata and eiiphratica, both possess the
line of pits above mentioned, and they further agree in
shape with their Australian relations. Sooner or later the
Old World species must be arranged in a genus by them-
selves, throwing T. Boccandei into the genus Megacephala,
to which it more properly belongs. The generic limits
will then accord with geographical habitats, as ought
always to be the case where nature will permit.

2 D

■ ( 355 )

XXIII. On the Diurnal Lepidoptera described in Omelin's
Edition of the Systema Naturae. By W. F.

KlEBT.

[Bead ,1st November, 1869.]

Gmelin's edition of Linnaeus* 8ystema Naturce contains a
considerable number of new species of Diurnal Lepidoptera,
most of which were preyiously described at greater length
(but without names) by Zschach, in the Entomological
portion of the Museum Lesheantim. These names and
descriptions are never quoted, and therefore it may not
be useless to give full descriptions of all such species as
have not yet been satisfactorily identified, and indications
of the others. The remains of Leske^s collection are in
the Museum of the Royal Dublin Society, but the greater
.number of the specimens have succumbed to the ravages
of time and neglect. Nevertheless I have succeeded in
recovering several of the types, most of which I have
been able to identify, with the kind assistance of Mr.
Hewitson. A few of the more obscure or damaged types
I had not time to work out when in the neighbourhood
of London ; and one or two types which I had overlooked
were detected after my return to Dublin. These latter,
however, are of slight importance. Most of the types
are numlDcred, and are therefore certain ; but a few were
incorrectly numbered, or not marked at all; wherever
the smallest doubt about a type exists, it is indicated in
the following pages.

Our collection is not sufficiently large for me to attempt
to identify those species of which no types exist ; but I
quote Gmelin's names and Zschach's descriptions in full,
hoping that if publicity is given to them, others may be
enabled to do so. Unfortunately Zschach gives no local-
ities, simply noting "'europaeus" or "exoticus," which
will increase the difficulty of applying his descriptions.

It will be seen that in most cases Gmelin's names are
; merely synonyms, but in some instances they have
priority, and a full claim to be restored.

I take the species in the order in which they occur in
Gmelin, and where they have been satisfactorily identified,
the names by which they will henceforth, in accordance
with the law of priority, be known, are printed in capitals,
and referred to the modern genex'a.

TRAKS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART V. (DECEMBER.) 2 E

356 Mr. W. F. Kirby on

The references for Gmelin are to Linn. Syst. Nat. I. v.
(ed. 13; 1788-1791): for Zschach to " Musei Leskeani
Pars Entomologica/^ (Leipsic; 1788; three coloured
plates)

PAPILIO.

* Equites.

1 1 Achivi.

1. P. Argyrios, Gmel. p. 2248.

P. E. A. alls dentatis, supra nigris, anticis fasciis dua-
bus argenteisj postica nebulosa, subtus coeruleo-argenteis
fasciis duabus, apice margineque postico unitis, fuscis,
striae transversae^ coeruleo-argenteae versus basin, utrinque
ad marginem crassiorem, alis posticis dentatis, dente in-
termedio reliquis longiore, supra fascia latiori argentea,
maculisque 7 coeruleo-argenteis^ lineola transversa inter-
ruptis ad marginem posticum ; subtus ccEruleo-argentese,
in medio maculis tribus transversis Eeneis, unaque remota
ad marginem internum, fasciisque duabus nigris, prima
undata, altera dentata, margineque postico nigro, albo
maculate, inter fasciam posticam et marginem maculae
coeruleo-argenteas, anticis lineolis nigris interruptae, macu-
lae tres dentatae, nigrae, ad marginem internum versus
angulum ani; abdomen subtus luteum. Exoticus,
(Zschach, p. 87, n. 6.)

* * Heliconii.

2. P. 8ectator, Gmel. p. 2250.

P. alis primoribus supra fuscis, fascia dilatiore trans-
versa, posterioribus nigris, posterius albo caeruleoque
punctatis.

Meerb. Afb. t. 10.

Habitat (Gmel.)

A reference to Meerburgh (Afbeeldingen van zeld-
zaame gewassen ; Leyden; 1775) would probably fix this
species.

* * * Parnassii.

3. P. hyalinus, Gmel. p. 2259.

P. Par. alis rotundatis, posticis caudatis, fusco-hyalinis,
anticis fascia lineari, obsoleta, subtus alba ; posticis supra

Diwrnal Lepidoptera. 857

basi coerulescente^ stria undata, nigra, terminata ocellis
duobus nigris, pupilla alba, adjacente utrinque macula
alba, aliisque dispersis circiter 15 albis, coeruleo-insiden-
tibus; subtus fascia dimidia, annexa circulo macularuin
6 albarum, punctulisque duobus; ocelli duo vividiores,
antico majore. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 88, n. 26.)

Probably a species of Hcetera, or of one of the allied
genera.

* * * * Danai.

t Candidi.

4. PlERIS IssE.

Pajnlio Isse, Cram. Pap. Ex. pi. 55, E. F. (1779),

pi. 339, C. D. (1782).
Papilio hicolor, Gmel. p. 2261 =Pap. No. 31,

Zschach, p. 88.

5. PlEEIS DISCORS.

Papilio discors, Gmel. p. 2261 = Pap. No. 32,

Zschach, p. 88.
Papilio Plexaris, Donov. Ins. N. Holl. (1805).
Catlicemia Anthypa.rete, Hlibn. Verz. p. 92 (1816) .
Pieris Philyra, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 159 (1819).

6. PlERIS DORIMENE.

Papilio Dorimene, Cram. Pap. Ex. pi. 387, C. D-.

(1782).
Papilio fuliginosus, Gmel. p. 2261=Pap.No. 34,

Zschach, p. 88.

7. Papilio chrysopterus, Gmel. p. 2261.

P. D. C. alis rotundatis, utrinque flavis, anticis mar-
gine antico, postico latius nigris, intus sinuato ; posticis
margine postico nigris, subtus omnibus totis flavis.
Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 89, n. 35.)

Almost certainly a species of Terias; but impossible to
identify by the description.

2e 2

358 Mr. W. F. Kirby on

t t Festivi.
7. EUPLCEA Ph^nareta.

Papilio Phcenareta, Schaller, Naturf. xxi. 177,

pi. V (1785).
Papilio affinis, Gmel. p. 2289= Pap. No. 46,

Zschach, p. 89.
Terpsiclirois Alea, Hiibn. Verz. p. 16 (1816) .
JDanais Frothoe, Godt. Enc.Meth. ix. 177 (1819) .

The type of Zschach, No. 46, is evidently the Frothoe
of Godart; but Gmelin's name affinis cannot stand, as
Mr. Butler and I have independently discovered that the
Fhcenareta of Schaller is identical with Frothoe, and Schal-
ler's description was prior to Gmelin^s.

■ 8. Danaus Limniace.

Fapilio Limniace, Cram. Pap. Ex. pi. 59, D. E.

(1779).
Fapilio exoticus, Gmel. p. 2289 =Pap. No. 46b,
Zschach, p. 89.

9. Fapilio claviger, Gmel. p. 2289.

P. D. F. alis subintegris, fuscis, maculis punctisque
albis, hyalinis, basi anticis longis, posticis radiatis, cla-
vatis, marginibus posticis duplici serie punctorum alborum,
subtus concolores. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 89, n. 46c.)

The apparent type of this insect is very similar to, but
not quite identical with, our specimen of Danaus Juventa,
Cram.

10. Drusilla Ukania.

Fapilio Urania, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 225

(1764).
Fapilio marinus (misprint for murinus), Gmel.

p. 2289 = Paj^. No. 47, Zschach, p. 89.

The type agrees with the figure [Fapilio Jairus) in
Donovan's Insects of China.

11. EuPLCEA LEUCOSTICTOS.

Fapilio leucostictos, Gmel. p. 2289= Pap. No.
48, Zschach, p. 90.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. 359

Limnas mutahilis Nemertes, Hiibn. Samml. Ex.

Schmett. i. (1806-1816).
Danais Eunice, Godt. Enc. Meth. is. 177

(1819).

12. Papilio hexophthalmos, Gmel. p. 2289.

P, D. F. alis subcaudatis, integerrimis^ basi fulvis,
anticis margine antico^ pr aster basin, posticoque late
nigro, maculis duabus fulvis, arcuque 5 punctorum albo-
rum, subtus cinereo griseoque variae, striga transversa,
fasca, antice dentata, serieque punctorum, quorum sex
ocelli obsoleti, alis posticis margine postico late nigris,
ad angulum ani cauda brevi instructis, subtus striga
fusca, et utrinque ocellis duobus nictitantibus. Exoticus.
(Zschach, p. 90, n. 49.)

This belongs to the genus Doleschallia, of Felder, and
Mr. Hewitson thinks that it may possibly be a female
variety of D. Bisalticle {Papilio Bisaltide, Cram. pi. 102,
C. D.) ; but it is much larger than the ordinary form of
that species.

13. SiDEKONE STRIGOSA.

Papilio strigosus, Gmel. p. 2290 =Pap. No. 55,

Zschach, p. 90.
8iderone Zethus, Westw. in Dbl. & Hew. Gen.

Di. Lep. p. 321, note (1850).

***** Nymphales.
f Gemmati.

14. DiADEMA PaNDAEUS.

Papilio Pandarus, Linn. Mus. Lud. Ulr. p. 198
(1764).

$ Papilio lacteolus, Gmel. p. 2290 =Pap. No.
58b, Zschach, p. 90.

15. Papilio hifasciatus, Gmel. p. 2290.

N. G. alis angulatis, fuscis, subtus cinereis, strigis
duabus communibus, fuscis, fasciaque lata, cinerea, com-
muni, postice dentata, in qua series ocellorum fundo
fusco, priorum 5 intermediis majoribus, posticarum sex,
pupilla alba, iride lutea. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 91, n. 59) .

360 Mr. W. F. Kirby on

One of the Satyrince. A fragment of one of the types
is still in existence ; but I have not yet succeeded in
identifying it.

t t Phalerati.

16. Papilio 8ulfitia, Gmel. p. 2336.

N. P. alis dentatis, concoloribus, atris, subtus
fuscis, anticis disco punctulis duobus albis, uno pone
alterum, pone discum duo paria macularum albidarum,
punctaque 7 ad margineui posticum, subtus basi linea
alba, bis interrupta, ad marginem posticum series gemina
lunularum albaruni ; alae posticae fascia e maculis 7 albis
punctulisque tribus, postice versus marginem anticum,
subtus eadem fascia serieque triplici lunularum albarum
ad marginem posticum. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 92,
n. 88.)

17. Papilio Vidua, Gmel. p. 2336.

N. P. alis dentatis, nigris, anticis macula magna,
ovata, oblique posita, ad apicem minore alba, pellucida,
subtus basi luteae, punctis tribus albis, ad marginem
anticum, margo posticus bis lunulatus ; alis posticis disco
albo, pellucido, lunula rufa, tribusque coeruleis ad angu-
lum ani, subtus basi luteo-fuscis, puncto nigro, in medio
fascia lata, alba, lunula nigra, ad marginem anticum dein
fascia lutea, punctis ferrugineis, margo posticus coeruleus,
striis duabus nigris, undulatis, extrema albo-sinuata.
Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 92, n. 89.)

****** Plebeji,
t Rurales.

18. Papilio Barharus, Gmel. p. 2352.

P. alis ecaudatis cserulescentibus, subtus undique fusco
maculatis; ocellis posterioribus duobus.

Habitat Algiriae, Argiolo minor. (Gmel.)

A species of Polyonimatus, which the locality will
perhaps aid in identifying.

Diurnal Lepidoptera. 361

19. Papilio anmdatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alls caudatis, coerulescentibus, anticis ma-
cula fusca, annulo cceruleo, margineque postico fusco,
posticis margine antico, subtus cinerascentibus, lineis
tribus transversis, undatis, albis ad marginem posticum,
punctoque ani gemino, jfulvo, disco nigro. Exoticus,
(Zschach, p.93, n. 123.)

A species of Thecla. The type has not yet been iden-
tified.

20. Papilio oculatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alis ecaudatis, supra fuscis, disco coeruleis,
maculis obsoletis, atris, subtus fusco-canis, punctis ocel-
laribus, disco lunula, area primoribus 5-6, posticis 8, ad
basin unico, marginalibus 6 plerumque obsoletis. Euro-
pceus. (Zschach, p. 93, n. 131.)

21. Papilio liinulatus, Gmel. p. 2359.

P. R. alis ecaudatis, fuscis, disco coerulescentibus,
obsolete maculatis, subtus fusco-cinereis, disco lunula
arcuque punctorum ocellarium, priorum 5, posticarum 7.
Europceus. (Zschach, p. 93, n. 132.)

If the expressions "maculis obsoletis" and ''obsolete
maculatis," occurring in this and the preceding descrip-
tion, may be considered to indicate that these two species
belong to the A7-ion group, their identification will be easy ;
otherwise I fear we can hardly expect to recognize them
among the mass of Em-opean species of Polyommatus.

t t Urbicolae.

22. Pajnlio ^tUops, Gmel. p. 2360.

P. U. alis integris atris, prioribus supra fasciis tri-
bus fenestratis albis, maculisque coeruleis, ad angulum
posticum, posticis basi striis duabus longitudinalibus,
pallidis, strigaque transversa 5 punctorum coeruleorum,
sinus externus internusque apicis albi, subtus basi fasciae
duse transversge, pallidse, antica communi, dein duse
coerulege, sinus albidae; collare punctis 4 albis, thorax
fasciis 4 longitudinalibus, internis coeruleis, externis palli-
dis; abdomen nigro luteoque annulatum, linea dorsali
nigra. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 94, n. 154.)

362 Mr. W. F. Kirby on Diurnal Lepidojptera.

A species unknown to Mr. Hewitson. The type
liaving lost its antennas, the genus cannot be ascertained
from it with absolute certainty; probably it is a

Tyrrhopyga.

23. Papilio bipunctatus, Gmel. p. 2360.

P. U. alis integris, fuscis, anticis utrinque fascia
obliqua, argentea, punctisque duobus minimis ad mar-
ginem anticum, posticis subtus basi fascia striaque lutes-
cente. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 94, n. 160.)

The type of this species is in existence, and I hope to
be able to verify it.

24. Papilio fenestratus , Gmel. p. 2360.

P. U. alis integris, fusco-luteis, disco punctis fenes-
tratis tribus, versus apicem ad marginem anticum tribus
minoribus. Exoticus. (Zschach, p. 95, n. 161.)

The type of this is so broken that there is but little
chance of verifying the species. '

Zschach quotes Linnaeus and Fabricius, but not Cramer
or any other authors; in fact, he would seem to have
been quite unacquainted with Cramer's work, as it will
be noticed that he redescribes several species figured in
Pap. Exot.

I may add that Leske's collection was purchased for
the Royal Dublin Society at the end of last century. The
Lepidoptera Heterocera are all destroyed or seem unrecog-
nizable. There are, however,- a good many Coleopteraf
&c., still in existence.

( 363 )

XXIV. Descriptions of New Oenera and Species of Hispi-
dae; with notes on some previously described
species. By J. S. Baly, F.L.S.

[Bead 15th November, 1869.]

List of new species.

Leptispo

I Godwini

Shanghai.

Callispa proxima

Siam.

})

brevicornis .

Penang.

)}

Brettinghami

India.

)}

tarsata

India.

})

Mouhoti

Cambodia.

Gephalo

leia approximata

Upper Amazons

))

laticollis

Peru.

)}

Amazona

Upper Amazons

10.

dimidiaticornis

Peru.

11.

nigriceps

Peru.

12.

))

truncatipennis

Upper Amazons

13.

cognata .

Bahia.

14.

))

apicicornis

Eio Janeiro.

15.

})

flavipennis

Ecuador.

16.

Hispodonta elegantula

Amboyna.

17.

Promecotheca Eeichii

Vavao.

18.

JBotryonopa cyanoptera

Borneo.

19.

})

imperialis

Philippine Isles.

20.

Esticjmena terminalis

Tondano.

21.

Doivnesia atrata

India.

22.

tarsata

Hongkong.

23.

Aspidispa (n. g.) tibialis

Gilolo.

24.

Gonophc

wa nigriceps .

Penang.

25.

apicipennis

Ceylon.

26.

Chceridiona (n. g.) metallic

a India.

27.

}}

picea

India.

Note. The numbers appended to the insects described
in the present paper^ refer to the " Catalogue of Hispidas,"
and indicate the position that the species now described
ought to take in relation to those contained in that work.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART V. (DECEMBER.)

364 Mr. J. S. Baly ooi Neiv Genera

Genus Leptispa, Baly.

(Sp. 5.) Leptispa Godiuini.

FiliformiSj subcylindrica, nigra, nitida, thorace sub-
quadrato, disco utrinque excavate, ad latera confertim,
dorse remote, foveolato-punctato, punctis irregulariter
congregatis et minoribus interspersis ; elytris thorace
vix latioribus, parallelis, pauUo ante apicem angus-
tatis, apice ipso rotundato, sat fortiter punctato-striatis,
striis leviter sulcatis, interspatiis nonnullis ad latera
costatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hab. — Shanghai.

Antennae equal in length to the head and thorax,
moderately robust, very slightly thickened towards the
apex. Thorax subquadrate, scarcely broader than long,
sides straight and parallel from the base to beyond the
middle, thence rounded and converging to the apex ',
above transversely convex, irregularly but not very closely
punctured. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,
sides parallel, apical border dilated, slightly reflexed.

The species above described agrees closely in size and
form with Leptispa abdominalis ; it may be known by its
much coarser punctuation, and its entirely black colour.

Genus Callispa, Baly.
(Sp. 2a.) Callispa proxima.

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, supra
nigro-caerulea, pedibus nigro-piceis, tarsis fulvis ; thorace
disco subremote et tenuiter punctato, ad latera subcrebre
varioloso, lateribus a basi ad apicem rotundato-angustatis ;
elytris antice sat profunde, postice minus fortiter punc-
tato-striatis, striis ad apicem sulcatis, interspatiis ad
latera convexiusculis; fronte antrorsum angulato-producta.

Long. 3 lin.

Hah. — Siam, Mountains of Laos; collected by the late
M. Mouhot.

This species stands very close to Callispa Bowringii;
its antennae are rather more slender, their first and third
joints being also shorter with relation to the second ; the
sides of the thorax are more regularly rounded; and
lastly, the colour of the surface of the body is much more
obscure, the blue being strongly tinged with black.

and Species of Hisjndce. 365

(Sp. 2b.) Callispa brevicornis.

Anguste oblonga, fere parallela, subdepressa, nigra,
nitida, abdomine fulvo, supra metallico-casrulea; thorace
lateribus a basi ultra medium oblique convergentibus, hinc
ad apicem rotundato-angustatis, dorso transversim con-
vexo, disco distincte, ad latera variolose punctate ; elytris
ante medium minus fortiter, pone medium subtenuiter
punctato-striatis, striis ad apicem vix sulcatis, margine
laterali confuse punctato; fronte obtusa, antrorsum non
productaj an tennis brevibus.

Long. 2| lin.

Rah. — Penang.

Very similar in colour and punctuation to Callispa
Boivringii, but the legs are entirely black ; it may be easily
known by the short antennae, which do not exceed the
head and thorax in length; the sides of the thorax are
also rather less rounded; in other respects it is almost
entirely similar.

(Sp. 5a.) Callispa Brettinghami.

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, rufo-testacea, nitida,
antennis nigris ; thorace ad latera foveolato-punctato ;
elytris cyaneis, profunde punctato-striatis, striis apicem
versus et ad latera sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera con-
vexiusculis ; fronte antrorsum angulato-producta.

Long. 3^ lin.

Hab. — India; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Antenna about one-third the length of the body, taper-
ing from base to apex, third joint distinctly longer than the
first two united ; three lower joints sometimes obscure
rufous; frontal projection acute. Thorax twice as broad at
the base as long, sides straight and slightly converg-
ing from the base to the middle, thence broadly rounded
and converging to the apex; upper surface broadly ex-
cavated on either side, coarsely variolose-punctate, disc
less closely and less strongly punctured ; scutellum trans-
verse, its apex obtuse ; elytra scarcely broader than the
thorax, oblong, obtusely rounded at the apex, deep
metallic blue with a purplish reflection, frequently stained
at the base with rufous.

366 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

■ (Sp. 5b.) Callispa tarsata.

Anguste oblonga, subdepressa, sanguinea, nitida, an-
tennis nigris, tarsis fuscis; thorace utrinque ad latera
late excavate, varioloso-punctato, punctis disci medio
minoribus, sparse hie illic congregatis, lateribus a basi
longe ultra medium rectis ; elytris sat profunde punctato-
striatis, punctis apicem versus minus fortiter impressis,
striis ad apicem sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera convexius-
culis; fronte antice truncata, medio in cretam brevem
abrupte producta.

Long 3 1 lin.

Hah. — India; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Very nearly allied to Callispa Brettinghami, of which
species I at first considered it a variety; but on closer
examination, I find it differs in the following structural
characters ; third joint of the antennee not longer than the
first two united ; front obtuse, abruptly produced in the
middle into a short longitudinal ridge, which runs down-
wards on the face; sides of the thorax straight from the
base to far beyond the middle, thence abruptly narrowed
and rounded to the apex; scutellum not broader than
long, pentagonal. It is possible that, coming from the
same locality, it may be the ? of C. Brettinghami, but
not knowing the sexual characters of the present genus
and the tarsi being equally broad in both forms, I am,
for the present, obliged to consider it distinct.

(Sp. 5c.) Callispa Mouhoti.

Subelongata, subdepressa, parallela, rufo-fulva, nitida,
antennis rufo-fuscis ; thorace utrinque ad latera depresso,
disco remote et tenuiter, lateribus variolose punctato,
lateribus a basi vix ultra medium rectis, hinc ad apicem
rotundato-angustatis ; elytris rufo-fuscis, ceeruleo-nitenti-
bus, antice sat profunde, postice minus fortiter puncta-
to-striatis, striis ad apicem sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera
leviter convexiusculis ; fronte obtuse angulata.

Long. 3 Hn.

Hab. — Cambodia ; collected by the late M. Mouhot.

Closely allied to the two preceding ; the third joint of the
antennae not longer than the two basal joints united;
front produced into an obtuse angle ; thorax less coarsely

and Species of Hispidce. 367

punctured ; intermediate in form between the two species,
the sides being straighter than in 0. Brettinghami, but
more broadly rounded in front than in 0. tarsata ; elytra
less coarsely punctured than in either species ; scutellum
scarcely longer than broad, pentagonal.

Genus Aluenus, Fabr.

Alurnus Batesii, Baly.

A specimen of this beautiful species, until now unique
in the collection of Mr. Bates, has been brought to this
country from Ecuador by Mr. Buckley ; it is now in my
cabinet.

Alurnus Saundersii, Baly.

A single specimen of this insect was also taken by Mr.
Buckley ; it differs from the type in wanting the narrow
black border at the apical margin of the elytra.

Alurnus Cupido, Thomson.

Since the publication of my " Catalogue of Hispidce,"
I have seen many specimens of this insect ; they all
agree both in the persistence of the strong coloration of
the elytra, and also in having these latter relatively
shorter and broader than in A. hipunctatus, under which
species I had placed Cupido as a variety ; I have now no
hesitation in considering it a good species. I have re-
ceived a specimen, agreeing in all respects with those
from the Amazons, collected at Bahia by Mr. Reed.

Alurnus Cassideus, Westwood.

Several specimens of this species have been received
from the Upper Amazons (Pebas) ; Prof. Westwood gives
Mexico as the locality of his insect. The black markings
on the elytra appear to vary considerably.

Genus Cephaloleia, Blanch.
(Sp. 7a.) Cephaloleia approximata.

Elongata, subdepressa, flavo-fulva, nitida, oculis an-
tennisque (his basi excepta) nigris ; thorace subcrebre

368 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Qenera

punctato, lateribus a basi paullo ultra medium rectis',
parallelis ; elytris thorace paullo latioribus, parallelis,
apice rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis apicem
versus leviter sulcatis, interspatiis ad latera leviter con-
vexiusculis, punctis ad apicem fere deletis.

Fern.: abdominis segmento anali apice bisinuato;
pygidii apice obtuse angulato.

Long. 2^ lin.

Sab. — Upper Amazons.

AntennEe rather longer than the head and thorax,
moderately robust, seven upper joints black, the apices
of the third and fourth also remotely edged with the
same colour; second joint equal in length to the third.
Thorax about one-fifth broader than long, sides straight
and parallel from their base to a short distance beyond
the middle, thence rounded and converging to the apex ;
upper surface transversely convex, sides distinctly but
narrowly reflexed, disc remotely, sides and base more
closely impressed with distinct round punctures. Elytra
broader than the thorax, parallel, finely but distinctly
punctate-striate, the striae on the sides and hinder half
of the elytra slightly sulcate.

C. 8allei is the only previously described species with
which the present insect can be confounded ; it may be
however at once known by the shorter third joint of
the antennee, the somewhat narrow and more closely
punctured thorax, and by the more finely punctured
elytra ; in C. Sallei the elytra are much more strongly
punctured, the punctures being of equal size, and equally
impressed over the whole surface of the elytra.

(Sp. 9a.) Cephaloleia laticollis.

Oblonga, parallela, depressa, rufo-fulva, nitida; an-
tennis apice, oculisque nigris, antennarum articulo se-
cundo distincte tertio breviori ; thorace elytris sequilato,
lateribus rectis, angulis anticis fere rectis, acutis, disco
remote, lateribus subcrebre punctate; elytris tenuiter
punctato-striatis, interspatiis tenuissime punctatis.

Mas. : abdominis segmento anali medio modice rotun-
dato-emarginato .

Fem. : abdominis segmento anali apice leviter bisinuato.

Long. 2 lin.

Eab. — Upper Amazons, Peru.

and Species of Hispidce. 369

Very closely allied to Cephaloleia dilaticollis, the ^
being very difficult to separate from the S of that
species; it may^ however, be known by its somewhat
narrower and slightly less depressed form, by the more
closely and distinctly punctured sides of the thorax, and
by the more distinctly rounded apices of the elytra; the
anal segment is also rather less deeply, but at the same
time more broadly, rotundate-emarginate ; the ? may be
at once separated by the bisinuate apex of the anal seg-
ment of the abdomen. In both sexes the second joint of
the antennae is distinctly shorter, taken in relation to
the third joint, than in 0. dilaticollis.

(Sp. 9b.) Cephaloleia Amazona.

Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, ab-
domine obscure fulvo-autnigro-piceo; thorace rufo-fulvo,
elytris fere gequilato, lateribus fere rectis, angulis anticis
rectangulis; elytris tenuiter punctato-striatis, punctis
apicem versus fere deletis.

Mas : abdominis segmento anali late subangulato-
emarginato.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali bisinuato.

Long. 21-3 lin.

Hah. — Upper Amazons.

Antennae less than half the length of the body, entirely
black, basal joint slightly thickened, rather longer than
the second. Thorax very similar in form to that of
G. laticollis, nearly equal in width to the elytra, sides
straight and slightly diverging along their hinder two-
thirds, thence also straight but slightly converging to
the anterior angles, the latter rectangular; the middle
portion of the anterior margin distinctly produced ; upper
surface transversely convex, concave on the sides, lateral
margin reflexed ; surface impressed with distinct round
punctures. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax,
parallel, obtusely rounded at the apex, finely punctate-
striate, the whole surface very finely and irregularly
wrinkled.

The greater length of body, and entirely difi"erent
coloration, will distinguish this insect from either dilati-
collis or laticollis, the only two known species of the genus
with which it agrees in form of thorax.

370 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Oom-a

(Sp. Ha.) Oeplialoleia dimidiaMcornis.

Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, rufo-fulva, nitida, an-
tennis extrorsum nigris ; thorace longitudine paullo la-
tiorij lateribus parallelis^ disco remote, ad latera subre-
mote punctato ; elytris thorace latioribus, parallelis, apice
conjunctim rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis, striis ad
apicem fere deletis.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali late sed leviter emar-
ginato.

Long. 2 lin.

Hah. — Peru.

Antennae half the length of the body, five upper joints
black, third joint distinctly longer than the second.
Thorax about a fifth part broader than long, sides nar-
rowly but strongly reflexed, straight and parallel, the
extreme apex quickly rounded and converging, the an-
terior angles obtuse ; above transversely convex, distinctly
punctured, the puncturing distant on the disc, rather
more crowded at the sides. Elytra parallel, conjointly
rounded at the apex, finely but distinctly punctate-striate,
the punctures nearly obsolete towards the apex of the
elytra.

The smaller size and narrower form will distinguish
this species from its allies C. nigricornis and proxima.

(Sp. lib.) Cephaloleia nigriecps.

Elongata, subparallela, subdepressa, rufo-fulva, nitida,
capite nigro ; thorace longitudine vix latiori, ad latera
subcrebre, disco remote punctato ; elytris parallelis, apice
rotundatis, tenuiter punctato-striatis.

Mas : abdominis segmento anali late quadrate- emar-
ginato, medio sinuato.

Long. 24 lin.

Hah. — Peru.

Head and antennae black, the latter moderately robust,
nearly half the length of the body, the third joint very
slightly longer than the second. Thorax rather broader
than long, sides slightly diverging forwards, straight
from the base nearly to the apex, thence quickly rounded

and /S^)^^'/^^ of Hisindce. 371

and converging to the anterior angles, the latter ob-
tuse: upper surtace transversely convex, sub-variolose-
punctate on the sides, more finely and remotely punctured
on the disc, a central space on the latter nearly free from
punctures ; lateral border reflexed. Elytra broader than
the thorax, narrowly sub-ovate, their apices conjointly
rounded, above finely punctate-striate, the puncturing
near the apex nearly obsolete, interspaces flat ; on the
outer disc below the shoulder is a broad but ill-defined
longitudinal groove. Knees indistinctly stained with
piceous.

G. nigriceps may be at once known, from all similarly
coloured species, by its black head.

(Sp. lie.) Oephaloleia truncatipennis.

Elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, rufo-fulva, nitida,
antennis (basi excepta) nigris ; thorace transverse, re-
mote et subtenuiter punctate; elytris thorace paullo la-
tioribus, fere paraAlelis, apice truncatis, dorso depressis,
tenuiter punctato-striatis.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali obtuse truncato.

Long. 3 lin.

Hah. — Upper Amazons: collected by Mr. Bates.

Antennge rather more than a third the length of the
body, black, the first three joints rufo-fulvous, third joint
slightly longer than the second. Thorax distinctly trans-
verse, sides strongly reflexed, straight and slightly con-
verging from the base nearly to the apex, thence quickly
rounded and converging to the antei-ior angles, the latter
obtuse ; above transversely convex, excavated on the
sides just within the reflexed lateral border ; remotely but
distinctly punctate, the punctures rather closer at the base
and sides. Elytra broader than the thorax, sides sub-
parallel, obliquely rounded and converging near the apex,
the latter broadly truncate ; upper surface broadly flat-
tened along the sature, sides obliquely excavated below
the humeral callus; finely punctate-striate, punctures
entirely obsolete near the o] ox of the elytra; the middle
third of the outer disc impressed near the outer border
with a broad ill-defined longitudinal fossa.

The truncate apices of the elytra, together with the
obtuse anal segment in the ? (the only sex known to me),
without difficulty separate this species from its congeners.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PAET V. (DECEMBER.) 2 F

372 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

(Sp. lid.) Gephaloleia cognata.

Elongata, depressa, pallide fulva, nitida, antennis (basi
excepta) nigris ; thorace subquadi-ato, remote punctato,
lateribus rectis ; elytris thorace latioribus^ parallelis, apice
obtuse rotundatis, sat fortiter punctato-striatis, punctis
apicem versus minus fortiter impressis, interspatiis planis,
lis ad latera obsolete convexis, uno infra callum humerale
costato.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali apice bisinuato.

Long. 2^-3 lines.

Hah. — Bahia.

Antenna3 half the length of the body, basal joint nearly
as long as the second and third united, the third half as
long again as the second, the two lower joints rufous, the
following two nigro-piceous, the rest entirely black.
Thorax scarcely broader than long", sides straight and
parallel, rounded and converging at the extreme apex;
disc transversely convex, remotely impressed with round
punctures, sides narrowly but strongly margined, re-
flexed. Elytra broader than the thorax, parallel, obtusely
rounded at the apex, rather more broadly margined than
in the allied species ; upper surface slightly flattened at
the extreme base between the shoulders ; sides oblique
and excavated below the humeral callus ; distinctly punc-
tate-striate in front, the punctures smaller and less strong-
ly impressed behind the middle ; interspaces on the inner
disc plane, those near the outer border slightly convex,
the interspace below the humeral callus distinctly costate
for nearly half its length ; fourth and fifth, stride from the
outer border rather deeply impressed along their middle
third.

(Sp. He.) Cephaloleia apicicornis.

Elongata, parallela, subdepressa, sordide flava, sub-
nitida, subtus nitida; antennis apice oculisque nigris ;
thorace longitudine distincte latiori, lateribus rectis,
dorso hie illic punctis rotundatis fortiter impresso ;
elytris thorace latioribus, parallelis, apice rotundatis,
dorso prope suturam complanatis, punctato-striatis,
punctis apicem versus minus distincte impressis, inter-
spatiis ad latera convexiusculis.

and Species of Hispidce. 373

Mas : abdominis segmento anali apice concavo-emar-
ginato.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali apice late sed le-
viter emarginato^ bisinuato.

Long. 2^ lin.

Hub. — Rio Janeiro, New Friburg.

Antennse half the length of the body, slender, basal
joint moderately thickened, more than half as long again
as the second, three upper joints black. Thorax slightly
broader than long, sides straight and parallel, rounded
at the extreme apex, anterior angles slightly produced,
obtuse; upper surface transversely convex, lateral mar-
gin strongly reflexed; surface impressed with deep
round punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax,
parallel, conjointly rounded at the apex; upper sur-
face flattened along the suture, sides obliquely exca-
vated below 'the humeral callus, causing it to appear
laterally prominent; distinctly punctate-striate, the
punctures near the apex less strongly impressed ; inter-
spaces near the lateral margin indistinctly convex, the
third from the outer border more strongly raised than
the rest.

C apic'icorms is very closely allied to C. cognata, but
may be known by the much paler colour and more closely
punctured thorax ; from G. nigricornis, Fabr., both
species are separated by the diJ0Ferent emargination of
the anal segment.

(Sp. 13a.) Cephaloleia flavipennis.

Elongata, parallela, nigra, nitida; thorace transverso,
fortiter punctate; elytris flavis, thorace latioribus, fere
parallelis, apice obtusis, distincte punctate - striatis,
punctis piceis.

Fern. : abdominis segmento anali apice truncate.

Long. 3 J lin.

Hab. — Ecuador ; collected by Mr. Buckley.

Antennae moderately robust, scarcely half the length
of the body, basal joint moderately thickened, about a
third part longer than the second. Thorax one-fifth
broader than long, sides straight and parallel, rounded
and converging at the apex ; upper surface transversely
convex, deeply but not very closely punctured on the

2 F 2

374 Mr. J. S. Baly on New Genera

disc, a longitudinal space thereon being free from punc-
tures ; the sides more closely punctured, lateral border
reflexed. Elytra moderately convex, nearly parallel,
distinctly but not strongly punctate-striate, the punctarea
piceous; interspaces plane, obsoletely convex near the
lateral margin.

Genus Hispodonta, Baly.
(Sp. 3.) Hispodonta elegantula.

Elongato-ovata, subdepressa, nigra, nitida, femoribus
anticia (dorso excepto) elytrisque l^te fulvis; his ad
suturam striatim, disco exteriori confuse punctatis,
vitta suturali (basi abbreviata) apiceque nigris ; thorace
subremote sed for titer punctate.

Long 4-5 lin.

Hah. — Amboyna.

Antennas half the length of the body. Thorax not
broader at the base than long, sides slightly converging
from the base towards the apex, the extreme apex
abruptly rounded ; above, transversely convex, disc
slightly excavated just in front of the basal margin ; sur-
face subremotely impressed with large deep round
punctures. Elytra broader than the thorax, narrowly
ovate ; sides distinctly margined, the apex of each elytron
obliquely truncate ; surface rather strongly punctured ; a
common sutural stripe, and a large patch at the apex,
black ; this latter covers nearly the hinder fourth of the
surface, and sends a branch upwards on the outer disc,
which is abbreviated anteriorly some distance below the
middle of the disc.

Genus Peomecotheca, Blanch.

(Sp. 6a.) Promecotheca Reichii.

Angustata, subcylindrica flava, nitida, tarsis pallide
piceis, abdomine, mandibulis, oculis antennisque (harum
articulo basali excepto) nigris ; elytris fortiter punctato-
striatis, metallico-ceeruleis, tertia parte antica flava.

Long. 3^-4^ lin.
Hah. — Vavao.

Antennee two-thirds the length of the body in the S ,
rather shorter in the ? , slender, filiform, blacky the basal

and Species of Hispidce. 375

joint flavous, the second and third, in the c?, pale
piceous. Thorax much longer than broad, moderately
constricted at the base, sides slightly but distinctly
swollen in front of the constriction ; surface smooth and
shining, impunctate. Elytra parallel, regularly rounded
at the apex, their anterior third flavous, the remaining
portion metallic blue.

This insect may possibly be a variety of P. ccerulei-
pennis, Blanch.

Genus Botryonopa, Blanch.
(Sp. 5.) Botryonopa cyanoptera.

Elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, rufa, nitida ; anten-
nis (basi excepta) nigris ; thorace opaco, foveolato-punc-
tato, ante apicem declivi, leevi ; elytris cyaneis, sat pro-
funde punctato-striatis, interspatiis subrugoso-reticulatis.

Long. 7^ lin.

Hah. — Borneo.

Antennae more than half the length of the body;
shining black, one or two basal joints rufous. Thorax
rather broader than long, sides narrowly margined,
parallel from the base to beyond the middle, thence
obliquely converging and slightly rounded to the apex ;
above opaque, moderately convex, deflexed in front, im-
pressed just in front of the base with a short broad
transverse fossa, from the anterior edge of which a faint
longitudinal groove runs forwards in the medial line as
far as the base of the deflexed portion; hinder three-
fourths of the disc covered (the medial line excepted)
with large oblong punctures. Elytra parallel, acutely
rounded at the apex, each notched at the sutural angle,
and armed with an acute tooth. Thighs obsoletely
toothed beneath.

(Sp. 6.) Botryonopa imperialis.

Anguste elongata, parallela, dorso depressa, nigra, ni-
tida ; thorace foveolato-punctato, ante medium declivi,
Igevi, disco medio longitudinaliter carinato, utrinque trans-
versim svdcato; elytris apice conjunctim subacutis, pro-
funde punctato-striatis, cyaneis; femoribus unispinosis,
anticis pauUo incrassatis ; tibiis anticis extus ante apicem
dente parvo armatis.

376 Mr, J. S. Baly on New Genera

Long. 101 lin.

Hob. — Philippine Islands.

Front impressed with a deep groove, which ends on
the vertex in a transverse sulcation. Thorax at the base
not broader than long, sides narrowly margined, nearly
parallel from the base to just beyond the middle, thence
obliquely converging to the apex ; immediately in front
of the base is a small indistinct tooth ; upper surface
sub-opaque, its anterior third deflexed, impunctate, hinder
two-thirds transversely convex, impressed on either side
in front with a broad transverse depression, which ex-
tends laterally as far as the outer margin; on the
medial line is a faint longitudinal groove, terminated
anteriorly at the base of the deflexed portion by a small
shining tubercle ; hinder part of the thorax (with the ex-
ception of a broad longitudinal space on the middle) deeply
punctured. Elytra elongate, parallel, sides obliquely
converging near the apex, the latter conjointly subacu-
minate; each elytron emarginate at the sutural angle,
and armed with a short acute tooth.

Genus EsTiGMENA, Hope.

(Sp. 2.) Estigriiena U-rminalis.

Elongata, parallela, convexa, dorso depressa, fulvo-
flava, nitida ; oculis, antennis (basi excepta) , elytrorumque
dimidio postico, nigris; elytris fortiter punctato-striatis,
interspatiis costatis.

Long. 4| lin.

Hah. — Tondano; collected by Mr. Wallace.

Antennae scarcely more than a third the length of the
body, basal joint flavous, the apical one obscure nigro-
fuscous. Thorax longer than broad, sides straight and
parallel, rounded at the extreme apex; upper surface
smooth and shining, deeply excavated on either side
close to the lateral border, impressed in front of the
basal margin with a large round fovea; the excavated
portions coarsely punctured. Elytra broader than the
thorax, sides parallel ; apex subacutely rounded ; upper
surface flattened along the suture, deeply punctate-
striate; stri^ sulcate, their interspaces costate.

and Species of Hispidce. 377

Genus Downesia, Baly.
(Sp. 2.) Downesia atrata.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, nigra^ nitida ; thorace latitu-
dine paullo longiori^ modice transversim convexo, sparse
sed distincte punctato ; elytris profunde punctato-striatis,
utrisque tricostatis.

Long. 3 J lin.

Hah. — India; collected by Mr. Brettingham.

Antennae scarcely longer than the head and thorax,
slightly increasing in thickness towards the apex. Thorax
narrowly margined, sides straight and parallel, obliquely
narrowed at their extreme apex, apical margin slightly
produced. Elytra scarcely broader than the thorax ;
sides straight and parallel, their apex regularly rounded ;
upper surface of each with three strongly raised lon-
gitudinal costae, the sutural and lateral borders also
costate, interspaces each with a double row of large
deeply-impressed punctures ; on the middle portion of the
outer, the anterior four-fifths of the inner, and on the
extreme base of the middle interspaces, the double rows
of punctures become single.

(Sp. 3.) JDownesia tarsata.

Filiformis, subcylindrica, flava, nitida; antennis, oculis
tarsisque nigris ; thorace latitudine paullo longiore,
tenuiter punctato, modice transversim convexo; elytris
sat profunde punctato-striatis, utrisque tricostatis.

Long. 3 lin.

Hah. — Hong Kong.

Thorax slightly longer than in the preceding, sides
straight, obsoletely sinuate, nearly parallel, only slightly
converging from the base to within a short distance of
the apex, where they suddenly converge to the apex itself;
apical margin slightly produced ; upper surface finely
and subremotely punctured. Elytra sculptured as in the
last species.

The two insects now described differ from the type of
the genus {Downesia insignis, Cat. Hisp. p. 107) in having
the fourth joint of the tarsus of normal length, and not
elongate ; there is also a slight difference in the length of
the joints of their antennee; but I do not consider these
characters of sufficient importance to authorize the forma-
tion of a new genus ; in habit, and in all other respects,
they agree entirely with the typical form.

378 Mr. J. S. Baly on Neiv Oenera

Genus Aspidispa.

Corpus sub-ovatum, postice paullo subdepressum. Caput
obtusum, inter antennas in cretam elevatam antrorsum
productum ; antennis filiformibus, corporis dimidio longi-
tudine fere gequalibus, ad apicem vix attenuatis, articulo
primo incrassato, ob-ovato^ secundo ovato, prime vix
breviorij tertio paullo elongate; mandihulis apice obtusis ;
ojiento oblongo; liguld segmento basali integro. Thorax
transversus. Elytra thorace multo latiora, subcordata,
lateribus basi rotundato-ampliatis, bine apicem versus
oblique angustatis, apice conjunctim rotundatis ; dorso
subdepressa^ hie illic profunde excavata ; utraque bicostata,
costis valde interruptis^ interspatiis profunde biseriatim
punctatis, interstitiis transversim costatis. Pedes breves,
antici (^ valde incrassati ; tihiis anticis trigonatis ; tarsis
quatuor anticis latis, anticis (^ transversim ampliatis;
unguihus articulo penultimo sequilongis, illo fere occultis.

This very singular form resembles closely the genus
Hoplionota, and at first I had considerable doubt whether
it really belonged to the present family; but M. Boheman,
to whom I showed it, at once pronounced it to be one
of the group of Hispidw. It must stand close to Go-
iiophora.

The mentum differs in form in the two sexes ; in the ^
its anterior surface is deeply concave ; in the ? it is plane
and raised towards the apex into a longitudinal ridge.

Aspidispa tibialis.

Sub-ovata, subdepressa, fulva, nitida, supra (facie an-
tennisque exceptis) nigro-cserulea, vertice utrinque, tho-
racis lateribus vitta submarginali, scutelloque rufo-piceis ;
thorace transverse, hie illic rude punctate, basi arcuatim
sulcato, lateribus obtuse rotundatis, minute serratis;
elytris subcordatis, thorace multo latioribus, basi rotun-
dato-ampliatis, hinc apicem versus rotundato-angustatis,
apice conjunctim rotundatis, dorso hie illic late et pro-
funde excavatis, utrisque tricostatis, costis interruptis,
interspatiis profunde biseriatim punctatis, interstitiis hie
illic transversim elevatis.

Mas : pedibus anticis valde incrassatis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hub.— Gilolo.

and Species of Hisjjidce. 379

Antennje not quite half the length of the body,
slender, filiform. Thorax nearly twice as broad as long,
sides distinctly margined, nearly straight and slightly
diverging from the base to beyond the middle, then
broadly rounded to the apex, outer edge finely serrate ;
disc convex, excavated on the sides, base impressed with
a broad semilunate sulcation ; scattered irregularly over
the disc are some large deeply impressed punctures.
Elytra much broader at the base than the thorax,
shoulders rotundate-ampliate, sides converging thence
towards the apex, the apex itself regularly rounded ; upper
surface of each elytron with three raised longitudinal
costEe ; their interspaces each with a double row of punc-
tures ; the interstices between the punctures are also
thickened, and form irregular transverse costae ; on the
surface of the disc are a number of large irregular exca-
vations, which obliterate not only the costee, but to
a great extent the punctures themselves; lateral border
moderately dilated at the shoulders, gradually narrowed
towards the apex of the elytra, outer border very finely
serrulate, the serrations being only visible under a lens.

Genus Gonophoka, Baly.
(Sp. 3a.) Gonophora nigriceps.

Elongata, subparallela, nigra, nitida ; antennis robustis,
subfusiformibus ; femoribus anticis quatuor basi fa-
cieique macula pallide fulvis, thorace dorso elytrisque
rufo-fulvis, illo vitta elevata interrupta lateribusque ante
medium nigris ; elytris utrisque tricostatis, interspatiis
profunde biseriatim punctatis, margine laterali modice
dilatato, medio vix ampliato.

Long. 5-6 lin.

Hab . — Penang .

Very close to Gonophora Saundersii, separated from
that species by the narrower and more parallel lateral
margin of the elytra, and also by the interspaces on the
disc having each (the middle one at the base excepted)
a double row of punctures.

(Sp. 5a.) Gonophora apicipennis.

Elongata, postice vix ampliata, dorso subdepressa, fulva,
subnitida, subtus nitida; oculis, antennis, metathorace.

380 Mr, J. S. Baly on New Genera

abdoroine pedibusque nigris ; thorace rugoso, basi trans-
versim sulcato^ disco vittis brevibus elevatis tribus^ duabus
exterioribus obliquis, instructor elytris apice nigris,
utrisque tricostatis, interspatiis triseriatim punctatis.

Long. 5i lin.

Hah. — Ceylon.

Antennas nearly half the length of the body, third
joint slender, elongate; head shining, forehead impressed
with a deep fovea; eyes and mandibles black. Thorax
rather broader at the base than long; sides straight,
converging from base to apex, feebly bisinuate, notched
at the apex, hinder angles acute ; surface closely rugose,
deeply impressed at the base with a transverse groove ;
on the middle of the disc are placed three short shining
elevated vittas, the two outer ones oblique. Elytra
broader than the thorax, slightly dilated posteriorly, the
apex regularly rounded ; upper surface flattened along
the suture, the apical third entirely black ; each elytron
strongly tricostate, the basal margin also thickened ;
three inner interspaces, as well as the hinder half of
the fourth, each with a treble row of punctures; anterior
half of the fourth inters])ace impressed with a double
row only. Thorax stained on either side beneath with
an oblong black vitta; anterior pair of thighs each with
a-n oblong fulvous patch in front.

Genus CniERiDioNA.

Corpus oblongum aut subcuneiforme. Caput inter oculos
productum, antice angulatum ; antennis dimidio corporis
longioribus, robustis, 1 1-articulatis, articulis cylindricis,
duobus basalibus brevibus, longitudine fere gequalibus,
prime paullo incrassato ; palpis maxillaribus articulo pri-
mo minuto, duobus sequentibus brevibus, gequalibus,
ultimo casteris longitudine asquali ; inento oblongo, lateri-
bus constricto; Zt'gruZdmentidorso inserta, segmento basali
obsolete, segmento apicali magno, subquadrato, mento
latiori; ^a?p/slabialibus obsoletis. Thorax subcylindricus,
anguste marginatus, angulis anticis in dentem productis.
Elytra thorace multo latiora, postice paullo ampliata, utra-
que apice oblique truncata, sutura conjunctim emarginata,
angulis posticis distinctis ; dorso profunde striato-punc-
tata, cretis interruptis, hie illic inter se ramulis interdum
convexis instructa. Pedes mediocres, mutici.

and Species of His p idee. 381

The present remarkable genus stands^ as far as my
knowledge extends, alone amongst the great tribe of
Phytopkaga, in wanting the labial palpi. I myself possess
two species of the genus which both agree entirely in
habit and external characters, but although I have sub-
jected the specimens to a most careful examination under
a powerful lens (the two-thirds of Ross) , I cannot detect
the slightest trace, either of the palpi themselves, or of
their points of insertion; in fact, the basal segment of
the ligula, on which the labial palpi are always inserted,
appears itself to be obsolete, its place being occupied by
the large apical segment. The genus ought to follow
Nepius.

1. Chceridiona vtetallica.

Anguste cuneiformis, convexa, subtus picea, nitida,
Eeneo-micans, supra cupreo-aurea ; thorace profunde et
rude rugoso-foveolato, disco viridi-metallico ; ely tris api-
cem versus paullo ampliatis, angulo postico obtuso, utris-
que quadricostatis, costa secunda ante apicem tertiaque
in medio et ante apicem interrupta, interspatiis profunde
biseriatim foveolatis, vitta lata communi a basi fere ad
apicem exteusa viridi-metallica, margine apicali fulvo;
antennis rufo-fulvis, apice nigris; pedibus fulvis, tarsis
piceis.

Long. 2^ lin.

Hah. — India.

Head coarsely and deeply punctured ; front produced
anteriorly between the eyes into an angular projection,
the apex of which is extended downwards to form a lon-
gitudinal ridge, which runs along the face as far as the
upper border of the clypeus ; four outer joints of the an-
tennae black. Thorax subcylindrical, scarcely longer than
broad, sides parallel, bisinuate, anterior angles notched,
bidentate, surface very deeply and coarsely punctured,
rugose. Elytra broader than the thorax, sides naiTOwly
margined, slightly dilated towards the posterior angles,
the latter obtuse; each elytron with four strongly- raised
longitudinal costee, the first and fourth entire, extending
nearly to the apex, the second entire for the greater part
of its course but interrupted some distance below its
middle, the third, which arises on the humeral callus,
broadly interrupted in the middle and again just before
reaching the apex.

382 Mr. J. S. Baly ow Hispidce.

2. Chceridiona picea.

Anguste oblonga, convexa, picea, nitida, pedibus
fulvis ; thorace subcylindrico, rude punctato, disco irre-
gulariter excavate; elytris thorace latioribus, fere paral-
lelisj'^angulo postico acuto, profunde seriatim foveolatis,
vittis elevatis interruptis cretisque longitudinalibus, hie
illic inter se connexis, instructis.

Long. 2 lin.

Hab. — India.

Head coarsely punctured, produced anteriorly in the
same manner as in C. metallica. Thorax subcylindrical,
subquadrate, sides more broadly margined than in the
former species, lateral borders straight and parallel,
slightly sinuate behind the middle, armed just in front
of the base with a minute tooth ; anterior angles notched,
produced anteriorly into a short tooth; upper surface
coarsely rugose-punctate, deeply excavated on the disc.
Elytra furnished each with four strongly-raised costae
which from being much more interrupted than in S. me-
tallica, are more difficult to trace; thus the first costa
is to be seen just below the base, again at the middle of
the elytron (where it stands a little out of the line, and is
connected by short transverse ridges above to the third
and below to the second costa) , thirdly, half-way between
the middle and apex, and lastly, at the apex itself; the
second is visible at the base, below the middle, and again
a short distance before reaching the apex; the third,
which commences on the humeral callus, is entire nearly
to the middle of its course (where it is connected, as
above stated, by a short oblique branch to the first costa) ,
then interrupted it again appears half-way between the
middle and apex ; lastly, the fourth costa, which is nearly
entii'e, is interrupted some distance below the middle of
the elytron, but just below appears again, and forms a
short oblique ridge, which runs inwards as far as, but a
little below, the termination of the third costa.

( 383

XXV. New Species of Coleoptera /rom Chontales, Nicar-
agua. By H. W. Bates, F.Z.S., Pres. Ent. Soc.

During the past few months, three or four small col-
lectioBS of Coleoptera have been received from the province
of Chontales in Nicaragua, the product of the researches
of Mr. T. Belt, and Mr. E. Janson, junr. These collections
contained so large a proportion of new and handsome
species of tropical American types, that they have attracted
much attention among Coleopterists, and no apology is
needed for the present attempt to make some of them
better known. Further collections may be expected, and
any general account of the Coleopterous Fauna must be
deferred for the present.

LONGICORNIA.

Mallaspis paradoxa.

Elongata, convexa, postice attenuata, subtiliter punc-
tulata, fusco-asnea, elytris postice castaneis; capite an-
gusto, longissimo; thorace spina laterali pone medium
fortissima, antice valde attenuate, margine leevi carinaque
marginali obsoleta ; antennis corpore tertia parte breviori-
bus, leevibus, violaceis, apices versus gradatim rufescenti-
bus, articulis 3-6 compressis, paululum dilatatis, caeteris
subcompressis, angulis totis rotundatis ; pedibus violaceis,
Isevibus; corpore subtus vix punctulato, lateribus aureo-
pubescenti, prosterno transversim rugate.

Long. 1 un. 9 lin. — 2 un. ( ? ?) .

This singular species differs from all its allies by the
absence of a lateral carina to the prothorax, a trace of which
only remains near the anterior margin. In conjunction
with this, the lateral spine stands out very prominently
and is unusually stout and long, the thorax is rapidly
narrowed from the spine to the front margin, and the disc
has only a few fine scattered punctures. The brassy-
fuscous colour gradually changes into castaneous, from
near the base to the tip of the elytra. In colour and
punctuation, as well as in the length of the head, the
species approaches the Mexican ill. longiceps of White,
but this has the usual crenate prothoracic carina, and the
antennal joints are linear, with distinct angles. In M.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART V. (DECEMBER.)

384 Mr. H. W. Bates on Neiv

'paradoxa the joints have rounded angles, as in M. scutel-
laris. I am uncertain about the sex of my two examples,
but from the shortness and smoothness of the antennae,
&c., I judge them to be females.

Ophistomis picticornis.

Flavo-testacea, capite utrinque vitta nigra usque ad
marginem posticum thoracis continua; elytris (ad hu-
meros latis) utrinque raaculis lateralibus tribus, quartaque
discoidali prope scutellum, et marginibus anguste nigris,
apicem versus litura indistincta fusca; antennis nigris,
articulis 7-9 albis; prosterno utrinque vitta, ventroque
annulis quatuor, nigris ; pedibus flavis, femoribus et
tibiis apice, tarsis totis nigris.

Long. 8-9 lin. ((?).

Two examples.

Agaone monostigma.

A. molorchoicU afRnis ; angustata, rufo-testacea ; thorace
cylindrico, confertim grosse punctate, vitta mediana pos-
tice abbreviata nigra ; elytris abdomine multo brevioribus,
truncatis, vix nitidis, punctatis, punctis lateralibus gros-
sioribus, ibique vitta niarginali nigra ; antennis dimidium
corporis superantibus, apice incrassatis, nigris, sparsim
ciliatis; femoribus apice supra, tibiis et tarsis (partim)
nigris, femoribus posticis apice bene distincte nigro-
cinctis.

Long. 3^ lin. ( ? ).

One example.

Crioprosopus rutilans.

Angustatus, supra Ifevissimus, capite thorace et scu-
tello nigris, elytris viridi-seneis politissimis, nitore cseruleo
certo situ splendentibus ; metasterno et ventre obscure
rufis, nigro variis, laevibus ; pedibus nigris, femoribus an-
nulo Ifete rufo; thorace transverse, supra subeequali,
sparsim punctulato, vitrinque tuberculo grosso mediano
alteroque obtusiori anteriori ; antennis corpore paulo lon-
gioribus ( ? ), articulis 4-11 albo-sericeis ; prosterno con-
vexo, apice rotundato; metasterno triangulari, producto.

Long. 1 un. 2 lin. ( ? ) .

Coteoptera from Chovfalcs. 385

One example. A second (male) specimen was also
sent by Mr. Belt, but I do not know into whose collection
it passed.

Coelarthron quadrinotatum.

0. hilineato forma simillimum ; nigerrimum, politum,
sparse griseo-setosum ; thoracevittis duabus antice abbre-
viatis albo-sericeis ; elytris pone medium fascia ad suturam
interrupta, et litura prope basin e lineis tribus formata
(duabus longitudinalibus unaque transversali) , testaceo-
albis ; antennis ( c? et $ ) articulis 3-6 triquetris, apice
valde dilatatis.

Long. 9-104 lin. {S > ?)•

Chalastinus ruhrocinctus .

Niger^ opacus, elytris in medio fascia communi coc-
cinea; antennis S corporeduplolongioribus, articuloprimo
gradatim fortiter clavato, 3° apice intus dilatato et nigro-
hirsuto, cseteris apice nodosis, medio pallide rufo-griseis,
ultimo prsecedente multo breviori, obtuso; mesosterno
simplici ; tarsis articulis basalibus griseis.

Long. 7-9 lin. {S, ?)•

The narrow crown with elevated approximate antenni-
ferous tubercles, the nodulous tips of the antennal joints,
and the slightly dilated front tarsi of the S , bring this
handsome species within the genus GhaJastinus ; it differs
in the non-tuberculate mesosternum and uncurved an-
tennal joints, which appear, therefore, to be specific
characters. Many examples were sent by Mr. Belt, and
one of unusually large size by Mr. E. M. Janson.

Anisocerus personahis.

Oblongus, supra grosse sparsim punctatus, lateribus
fuscus, in medio late albo-vittatus ; vitta elytrorum bis dila-
tata, imprimis paulo ante medium, postea prope apicem,
parte alba fusco-punctata, punctis majoribus duobus ante
medium prope suturam, alteris duobus magis approximatis
ante apicem ; corpore subtus nigro, cinereo-tomentoso ;
antennis S corpore plus duplo longioribus, griseis, arti-
culis apice nigris, articulo 3° apice globose et articulo
ultimo brevi.

Long. 6-7 lin. ((?, 9).

386 Mr. H. W. Bates on Nctv

The sides of the body above are blackish, varied with
tawny-brown and dark punctures ; the central ashy white
streak, which is confined to a broad vitta on the head and
thorax, forms on the elytra a figure resembling an elon-
gate mask, of which the two small black dots on the
anterior dilated portion represent the eyes, the larger
spots behind near the suture the nose, and the dark apex
of the elytra the mouth.

The insect is of a much more elongate figure than the
other true Anisoceri, resembling in this respect much more
the genus Caciomorpha of Thomson ; but the dilated third
joint, and the very much abbreviated eleventh joint of
the antennae, bring the species within the definition of
AMisocerus.

Lagocheirus rosaceus.

L. araneiformi valde aflBnis; differt antennis, pedibus
lineisque thoracis et elytrorum roseo-tomentosis ; thorace
valde punctate, maculis quatuor bene discretis nigris,
lineisque irregularibus roseis ; elytris lineis numerosis
roseis fusco-punctatis, pone medium maculas utrinque
duas fuscas includentibus, ante has macula marginali
majori semicirculari fusca, parte apicali lineis utrinque
quinque longitudinalibus roseis.

Long. 9 lin. {S, 2).

Many examples of this and the following species were
sent.

Lagocheirus V-alhum.

L. araneiformi forma similis ; multo obscurior, fuscus ;
thorace utrinque vitta abbreviata, a medio usque ad mar-
ginem posticum, fusca ; elytris obscure fuscis, vix variega-
tis, macula magna obscuriore laterali minus distincta, mox
pone hanc litura alba literara v vel N simulante ; pedibus
obscuris, tarsis pallidis, articulo unguiculari apice nigro
excepto.

Long. 8Uin. (c?, ?)•

AmphAonyclia hifasciata.

Robusta, nig-ra, griseo subtiliter tomentosa; capite
thorace paulo angustiori, fronte supra macula fulva;
thorace supra fulvo vel roseo, maculis 3 nigris; elytris

Coleoptera from Ohontales. 887

parallelis, apice flexuoso-truncatis et externe spinosia,
fasciis duabus flavis vel roseis nigro-margiuatis, fascia
prima flexuosa^ secunda obliqua ; antenuis uigris, sparsim
subtus ciliatis.

Long. 6-8 lin. (c?, ?).

Many examples of both sexes.

CarneadeSj nov. gen. Colobotheinarum.

A Colobothea differt carina laterali elytrorum nulla vel
indistincta, et articulo antennarum basali apice abrupte
clavato,

Carneades superha.

Magna, crassa, elongata, antice posticeque attenuata,
tomento ochraceo dense vestita ; thorace supra niaculis
duabus, elytris fasciis quatuor, prima tertiaque maculari-
bus, nigris, humeris antice curvatis, valde productis;
antennis nigris, articulis basi gi-iseis; pedibus nigris,
nitidis, femoribus et tibiis posticis rufo-annulatis, annulis
e tomento denso formatis, tarsis flavo-tomentosis, articulo
unguiculari nigro.

Long, 11 lin. — 1 un.

The design of the elytra in this fine insect consists of
four transverse belts or rows of spots on a ground of
dense yellowish tomentum ; the first belt includes a black
spot covering each shoulder, and two round spots near
the suture; the second, a little before the middle, is
entire except near the suture and oblique; the third
consists of four equidistant spots ; and the fourth, near the
apex, is entire excepting the sutural interruption. The
prothorax beneath has on each side a narrow black stripe,
and a small round spot above it. The middle of the
breast is black.

Carneades delicia.

Minor, minus elongata, postice valde attenuata, cinereo-
subsericeo-tomentosa ; signaturis elytrorum ut in C. su-
perha, fascia secunda apud suturam hand interrupta et
minus obliqua excepta; tarsis rufis, articulis 3° et 4°
nigris.

Long. 6 1 lin.

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART V. (DECEMBER.) 2 <3

888 Mr. H. W. Bates on New

Jamesia multivittata.

J. glohiferce forma similis; fusca, subnitida; capite an-
gusto, fronte vittis duabus ochraceis ; thorace transversim
grosse rugato, laieribus baud tuberculato, ochraceo spar-
sim tomentoso ; elytris humeris angulatis, postice paulo
attenuatis, basi tuberculis rotvindis nigris sparsis, postice
sparsim punctatis, basi et vittis, septem utrinque, in serie-
bus duabus transversis ordinatis, ochraceis ; subtus ochra-
ceo-tomentosa et nigro-punctata ; antennis pedibusque
nigro-piceis.

Long. 10^ lin.

Two examples.

Deliathis nivea.

Elongata, tomento densissimo niveo induta ; capite su-
pra vittulis quatuor, tborace vittis tribus, et elytris ma-
culis numerosis, nigris, nitidis ; maculis elytrorum prope
suturam et marginem condensis, disco multo rarioribus,
apicibus mucronatis ; subtus medio corporis et ventris mar-
ginibus nigris nitidis ; antennis pedibusque nigris, griseo
tenuiter tomentosis.

Long. 1 un. 5 lin.

LAMELLICORmA.

Allorrliina anomala.

Oblongo-quadrata, angusta, supra nigro-purpureo-velu-
tina; thorace limbo angusto, postice abbreviate; elytris
limbo laterali, maculis duabus transversis discoidalibus,
et duabus marginalibus rotundatis prope apicem, flavis;
mesosterno triangulari, crasso, convexo.

Mas : capite quadrato, lateribus utrinque cornu brevi
elevato retrorsum spectante, thoraceque cornu antico-
marginali brevi horizontali apice emarginato j tibiis an-
ticis elongatis, linearibus, edentatis.

Long. 11 lin.; lat. 5 lin. (c^).

A remarkable species, agreeing with A. Lanshergii
(Salle) in the peculiar armature of the head and anterior
margin of the thorax, in which both differ greatly from
all other known species o^ Allorrliina, or Gymnetinoi. The
peculiarity seems to arise from the development into

Coleoptera from Chontales. 389

horns of tlie lateral carinse of the head, at the expense of
the central horizontal horn, which is absent, as is also
the horn at the edge of the clypeus.

One example only, received from Mr. Belt.

Oymnetis ramulosa.

Ad sectionem G. Jiolosericece, etc. pertinens; processu
mesosternali magno, crasso, deorsum curvato, et antice
tuberculato ; supra olivacea, velutina ; elytris limbis late-
rali et apicali angustis aequalibus, illo ramulos tenues duos
vel tres emittente, uno pone medium in fasciam flexuosam
prope ad suturam prolongate ; abdomine c? nigro, nitido,
9 olivaceo, subopaco.

Long. lOlin. {^, ?).

A large number of specimens of this species were sent
home by Mr. Belt.

2 a 2

( 391 )

XXVI. A Synojosis of the genus Clothilda.
By OsBERT SalviNj M.A., F.L.S., &c.

[Eead 15th November, 1869.]

DuEiNG an examination of a small collection of Diurnal
Lepidoptera which was sent to this country by Mr.
Ramsden, from the Island of Cuba^ I discovered that
errors have been made with respect to the identification
of two members of the limited genus Clothilda, by all
recent writers on Cuban Rhopalocera. In one case, the
Haitian C. pantherata and its Cuban representative have
been considered as one and the same species, though the
latter received a different name from Hiibner, which was
afterwards recognized by Klug. In the other case, I
found that the second Cuban form of this genus usually
stands in collections as G. jcegeri, from which, however,
it differs materially, as will be seen below. Besides these
additions to the Antillean species, I have another to add
to C. euryale, hitherto known as the sole representative
of the genus on the continent of America ; thus raising
the whole number of species in this genus to six.

As stated in Doubleday and Hewitson^s " Genera of
Diurnal Lepidoptera,^' the genus Clothilda was first esta-
blished by Blanchard, in 1840, upon Argynnis briarea, of
Godart (C. pantherata). In all probability, Hlibner's
genus Anicia is of prior date to Clothilda, but as much
uncertainty prevails regarding the years when the
various portions of Hlibner's great work were issued,
and, moreover, as Anicia was never characterized, I think
Hlibner's title had best be set aside, and the arrange-
ment of the "Genera" adhered to. For the same reasons,
Hlibner's name Anelia, applied in the third volume of
the " Exotische Schmetterlinge " to C. euryale, must
also be considered as a synonym.

The genus bears a strong resemblance to Argynnis, but
diS'ers chiefly in possessing a well-defined lower disco-
cellular nervure to the posterior wing. Indeed, this
feature is so well developed, that it renders the position
of Clothilda, in the Nymphalince, somewhat anomalous, if
the character of the open or closed cell be taken as of
primary importance.

In its distribution, Clothilda is one of the very few
genera possessed in common by the Antilles and Central

TBANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. PART V. (DECEMBER.)

392 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

America^ to the exclusion of the rest of America. Two
species are peculiar to Haiti, and two to Cuba; whilst
one inhabits the highlands of Mexico and Guatemala,
and another the mountainous parts of Costa Rica. All
the species are, I believe, inhabitants of the damp forests
of the higher mountainous districts, where a temperate
climate prevails.

The following table will serve to separate the six
species.

Clavis specierum.

A. Species alis ochraceis, nigro-maculatis.

a. posticis, maculis nigris in serie duplici

(margine excepto) positis, notatis. . . . 1. C. ;pantherata.

b. posticis, maculis nigris in serie triplici (mar-

gine excepto) positis, notatis 2. C. numida.

B. Species alis fuscis, anticis supra aut subtus rubro-notatis.

a. anticis supra et subtus distinct^ rubro-

notatis.

a. posticis fuscis, baud fasciatis 3. C. euryale.

b. posticis fuscis, ochraceo late transfasciatis. 4. C. insignis.

b. anticis supra fuscis, subtus rubro-notatis.

a. anticis maculis albis, baud transfasciatis. 5. C. jmgeri,

b. anticis maciilis albis distincte vittatis. . 6. C. cuhana.

The following generic titles have been applied by the
following authors, to members of the group.

Clothilda, Blanch. Hist. Nat. Ins. iii. 440 (1840) . Type"
C. pant/ierata.

„ Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. vol. i.

(1846-50) .

„ Menet. Enum. Corp. An. Mus. Petrop. p. 21

(1855).

„ Herr.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, in Correspond-
enz-blatt, Eegensburg (1863).

A'iiicia, Hiibn. Exot. Schm. vol. ii. Type A. numida.

Anelia, Hiibn. Exot. Schm. vol. iii. Type A. euryale.

Argynnis, Godt. Enc. Meth. ix. 261 (1819).

„ Klug, Neue Schm. Mus. Berl. p. 2 (1836).

„ Menet. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc. ix. 125
(1840).

Fajpilio, Martyn, Psyche, t. 12, f. 27; t. 14, f. 35 (1797).

the genus Clothilda. 893

1. Clothilda pantherata.

Papilio pantherata, Martyn, Psyche, t. 12, f. 27 ; t. 14,
f. 35 (1797).

Clothilda pantherata, DouLl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lap.

i. 156.

Argynnis briarea, Godt. Enc. Meth. is. 261 (1819).

Hab. — Haiti {Jceger, Tiveedie) . In Mus. Salv. and
Godm.

This species has been long known to Entomologists,
having been well figured by Martyu in the year 1797.
Since that date, specimens appear to have been obtained
by every collector who has visited the Island of San
Domingo. The species was described by Godart in the
year 1819, under the name briarea, and mention is made
of it by Menetries in his list of Jaeger's collection. Spe-
cimens were also procured in the neighbourhood of Port-
au-Prince by the late Mr. Tweedie, from whose collection
our specimens were derived. As Hiibner's figure of
C. numida is, perhaps, the best known, and more acces-
sible than that of Martyn, I will here shortly point out
the diflferences between C. pantherata and its Cuban
representative. The most noticeable difference on the
upper surface is on the hind wings, which bear a double
instead of a triple row of black spots inside the dark
margin ; beneath, instead of a simple dark margin to the
hind wings, there is a series of well-defined V-shaped
black markings, bordered inwardly with white; the
markings, too, of the posterior wings are much clearer,
the row of black spots outside the cell being very con-
spicuous.

The sexes do not differ in coloration, but females are
rather larger in size.

2. Clothilda numida.
Anicia numida, Hiibn. Ex. Schm. ii. pi. 22, 23.
Clothilda pantherata, H.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, p. 4.
Hab, — Cuba {Ramsden),

394 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

3. Clothilda euryale.

Argynnis euryale, Klug, Neue Schm. Mus. Berl. p. 2,
pi. ii. f. 1, 2 (1836).

Clothilda euryale, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. 156,
pi. 21, f. 4.

Anelia thirza, Hiibn. Ex. Schm. iii. pi. 24.

Hah, — Mexico (Deppe; Fenochio) ; Guatemala {Salvin
and Godman) . In Mus. Salv. and Godm.

The specimens from which Klug took his original de-
scription were collected by Deppe, through whose exer-
tions the Berlin Museum owes, in a great measure, its
extensive series of the natural productions of Mexico.
Deppe^s discoveries, however, have so long remained
unnoticed in the stores of that Institution, that the ma-
jority of the species have since been rediscovered by
more recent explorers, and thus the fruits of his expedi-
tion have been fore-stalled. The present species, how-
ever, escaped the fate of many others, and was described
by Klug as long ago as 1836.

The species is not uncommon in the highland districts
of Guatemala. On one occasion, in the mouth of Sep-
tember, I captured several specimens which were flying
lazily about the foot of a precipice reeking with moisture
in the high mountains above the old Indian town of
Quiche. The altitude of this spot is about 8000 feet
above the sea level. It also occurred in the ravines of
the Volcan de Fuego, at an elevation of about 7000 feet;
and in the mountains surrounding the Plain of Salama,
in Yera Paz, at an elevation of 4000 feet. Specimens
have also been forwarded to us from the northern slopes
of the mountains of Alta Yera Paz, below the village of
San Christobal.

As in G. pantherata, the male of this species does not
differ in coloration from the female ; it is, however,
smaller, and has the anterior wings more pointed.

4. Clothilda insignis, sp. n.

C. alis fuscis, anticis supra et subtus rubro-maculatis;
posticis fuscis, ochraceo late transfasciatis.

the genus Clothilda. 895

$ . AnteniiEe black ; palpi white, with a lateral black
streak ; head black, with three minute white spots ; pro-
thorax brown, thorax and abdomen very dark brown;
wings rich brown, the posterior half of the cell of the
anterior wings and outside the cell black, including rich
red curved marks, just as in G. euryale; beyond this
patch are ochre spots, two pairs on the costa^ others in
pairs along the outer margin ; there are also others be-
tween the median branches ; on the hind wings a broad
curved ochre band, deeply sinuate on its outer edge,
crosses the wing from the apical to the posterior angle,
where it becomes almost white; the cilia of the hind
wings bear white spots, inside which are other indis-
tinct spots in pairs: beneath, rich ochre, with black and
red spots corresponding to those of the upper surface,
the latter being larger ; at the base of the wing are some
transverse and longitudinal pale marks, and the ochre
marks on the rest of the wing correspond with those of
the upper surface ; on the hind wing there is a promi-
nent red spot on the middle of the costa, an irregular
black line, bordered with white, crosses the wing, three
transverse white lines cross the cell to the submedian
nervure, between which and the inner margin are longi-
tudinal white lines; beyond the cell the nervures are
black, and cut a deeply sinuate band of whitish; on the
margin are large pale spots in pairs.

Hab. — Highlands of Costa Rica [Arce) . In Mus. Salv.
and Grodm.

This species is closely allied to G. euryale, and evi-
dently represents that species in the highlands of Costa
Rica. For some time I considered this specimen to be
a female of G. euryale, but having acquired true females
of that species, I am now convinced that the Costa Rican
Clothilda must be distinct.

My reasons for separating it may be thus shortly
given. Individuals of G. euryale do not vary from one
another in any appreciable degree, nor do members of
other species of the genus, as C.pantherata, or G. numida.
The sexes also are alike, both in G. euryale and G. j?an-
therata, and, moreover, species from the highlands of
Costa Rica, though evidently closely allied to their repre-
sentatives in the highlands of Guatemala and Mexico,
very frequently are appreciably different. Hence the

396 Mr. Osbert Salvin on

Costa Rican Clothilda would, a priori, very probably
differ from the more northern species. We find that it
does,, and that the specimen does not represent the
normal female of 0. euryale. As shown before, the
species of this genus have no apparent tendency to vary;
I have, therefore, though at present only a single speci-
men has reached us, no further hesitation in considering
that it belongs to a representative of the Mexican species,
and is distinguishable by well-marked characters.

These differences consist in the presence of a well-
marked band on the hind wings, and in the absence of
the red spots seen in G. euryale on the same wings;
beneath, the ochi-aceous colouring is bright, and instead
of being brownish and the light markings forming a
band beyond the cell, are very much larger, and more
clearly defined; the margin of the hind wing is not so
deeply sinuate, and the curvature of the outer margin of
the anterior wing not so deeply concave.

5. Clothilda j^geei.

Argynnis jcegeri, Menetr. Nouv. Mem. Soc. Nat. Mosc.
ix. 125, pi. X. f. 3,4 (1840).

Clothilda jcegeri, Doubl. & Hew. Gen. Diurn. Lep. i. 157.

Hah. — Haiti [Jceger, Tweedie) . In Mus. Salv. and
Godm.

This species is quite distinct from the preceding. It
differs in being smaller in size, in having the costa of
the anterior wings less abruptly arched, and in being
destitute of the brilliant red spots on the upper surface
of the same wings, which have only a reddish tinge at
the base ; beneath, the markings are very indistinct com-
pared with those of G. euryale.

This species seems to be very rare. Our specimen
formed part of Mr. Tweedie^s collection.

6. Clothilda cubana, sp. n.
Clothilda jcegeri, H.-Sch. Schm. Ins. Cuba, p. 4.

C. alis fuscis; anticis maculis albis distincte transfas-
ciatis, subtus rubro-notatis.

? . Antennae black ; palpi white, with a longitudinal
black stripe ; head, thorax, and abdomen, very dark
brown; wings dark brown; anterior wings with a ma-

the genus Clothilda. 397

cular band of conspicuous white spots, extending from
the costal margin to the posterior angle ; outside this
band is another white spot, between the third median
branch and the lower radial ; on the posterior wings a
pale ochraceous band, cut by the nervures, stretches
across the wing from the apical to the posterior angle:
beneath, in addition to markings corresponding to those
of the upper surface, there are faint blueish pencillings
on the basal half of the cell, and red marks are situate
one across the cell, others close to the median nervure,
while others cross the interspaces between the median
branches ; the hind wings are mottled with grayish about
the apical angle, and near the transverse band, and very
faint dark and light stripes are placed transversely
nearer the base of the wing.

Mab. — Cuba.

The form of the wings in this species is much the same
as in G. euryale, but the apex of the anterior wings is
more produced.

This species has been considered by Lepidopterists to
be the female of G. jcegeri; but besides the very different
character of the markings, the close relationship of both
with G. euryale would lead us . to conclude that, as in
that species, the sexes do not differ materially in outward
form and markings.

The specimen from which my description was taken
is in the collection of Mr. Cornthwaite.

( 399 )

XXVII. Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwoodii.
By Robert McLachlan, F.L.S., Sec. Ent.
Soc.

[Bead 6th December, 1869.]

In tlie "Entomologist's Monthly Magazine/' Vol. iii.
p. 132 (November, 1866) , Dr. Hagen in his " Synopsis
of the Genus Boreus " first made known to Entomologists
the existence in Europe of two species of this singular,
and still somewhat rare, genus of Neuroptera. His short .
descriptions are as follows : —

'' B. Memalis, Linne."

" Bronze-brown ; beak, antennge, legs, wings, appen-
" dices of the male, and borer of the female, clear brown,
" the antennge dark brown at the apex; wings of the
" male long, acute, curved, and pectinated internally;
" first abdominal segment of the male with an erect
" transverse fold in the middle above, long, rather longer
" than broad ; second segment with a similar fold, but
" smaller, almost in the form of a tubercle ; lamina below
" the appendices, long, triangular elliptic at the apex.

" Habitat : Germany, Hanover, East Prussia.

" B. Westwoodii, Hagen."

" Bronzy-green ; beak, antennae, legs, wings, appen-
" dices of the male, and borer of the female, yellow;
" antennae and legs dark brown at the apex; first ab-
" dominal segment of the male with a fold as in B. hie-
" mails ; second segment with a quadrate fold, smaller ;
" lamina broader, slightly grooved at the apex.

*^ Habitat : Germany, Finland, England.

" This is the species figured by Westwood in the
" frontispiece to his ^Introduction,' and probably also
*' that described by Curtis and Stephens."

When working up the materials for my Monograph of
the British Neuroptera-Planipennia, published in the
Transactions of this Society, I felt compelled to ignore
the existence of B. Westiuoodii in Britain (Tr. Ent. Soc.
1868, p. 220), because I had never seen a male possess-
ing the characters pointed out by Dr. Hagen, and the

TRANS. ENT. SOC. 1869. — PART V. (DECEMBER.)

400 Mr. R. McLachlan on

few Continental examples of tlie genus to wliicli T could
refer, all seemed equally to pertain to B. hyemalis. Re-
cently, however, my attention has again been called to
the subject, and I resolved to obtain a sight of Professor
Westwood's insect. That gentleman obligingly lent me
two males, all that exist in the Hope Museum ; these are
certainly distinct from Injemalis, and agree well with the
description of WestwoodU. But when lending me the
insects, Prof. Westwood stated that both were from
Germany, and that he never possessed a British male
example. Under these circumstances, it is yet too soon
to attribute the two species to Britain. All the native
specimens I have seen are assuredly hyemalis, at any
rate, so far as the males are concerned ; and as for the
females, it would certainly be unsafe to rely upon diflFer-
ences of colour alone, without having the other sex,
as the colour varies immensely, according to the
degree of maturity of the individual, and I may remark
that I have males of hyemalis both bronzy-brown and
bronzy-green; the clear yellow of the legs, &c., in
Weskooodii, is characteristic, and some native female
examples seem to possess this attribute, yet we must see
males before deciding upon them.

I conclude these remarks with some notes upon the
structural characters of the males of the two species.

In B. hyemalis, the first visible dorsal abdominal seg-
ment (I consider this in reality is the second segment) ,
bears near its apical margin (but not on the margin), a
transversely quadrate, thin, raised lobe, considerably
longer than broad ; on the succeeding segment is a faint
indication of a similar lobe, but very indistinct. The
valve (''lamina," Hagen) proceeding from the ventral
apex of the abdomen is triangular, the sides slightly
rounded, the lower surface convex, and the apex some-
what produced and elliptical. (See fig. 1.)

In B. WestwoodU, the first visible dorsal abdominal
segment has the raised lobe as in hyemalis, but that on
the succeeding segment is much larger than in that
species, very distinct, and similar in form to the other,
but less transversely quadrate. The ventral apical valve
is shorter, the sides not rounded, the apex sharply trun-
cate, and even slightly incised. (See fig. 2.)

I have penned these notes with the hope that, by
calling more attention to the peculiarities of the two

Boreus hy emails and B. Weshvoodii. 401

species, we may soon be able to claim both as natives of
this country. Little can be added to the information as
to distribution given by Dr. Hagen, save that I have
received Swedish examples of B. liyemalis from Professor
Sttil, and it is also recorded as Swedish by Zetterstedt
and Wallengren (though apparently not known as such
to Linne when he wrote his " Fauna Suecica^^) . Omitting
England from the localities for Wtshcoodii, that species
would appear only to be known from Germany and Fin-
land.

The descriptions and figures given by authors (before
Hagen) all probably pertain to hyemalis ; at any rate,
none of them are suflBciently explicit to prove they had
the other species under consideration.

Fig. 1. Fig. 2.

i 2

B. hyemalis. B. Westwoodii.

4^.

^i iOiOt

PROCEEDINGS

OF THE

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

FOR THE TEAR

1869.

Fehruarj 1, 1869.

H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

The President returned thanks for his re-election, and nominated as his Vice-
Presidents Messrs. Pascoe, Frederick Smith, and A. R. Wallace.

Donations to the Library.
The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors : —
' Catalogue of Scientific Papers (1800—1863) compiled and published by the Royal
Society of London,' Vol. ii. ; 'Proceedings of the Royal Society,' Nos. 105 and 106;
presented by the Society. ' Journal of the Linnean Society,' Zoology, No. 45 ; by the
Society. 'Journal of the Quekett Microscopical Club,' Nos. 4 and 5; by the Club.
'Bulletin de la Societe Tmperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou,' 1868, No. 1 ; by the
Society. ' Genera des Coleopteres,' Tome viii. ; by the Author, Prof. Lacordaire.
'Essai Monographique sur les Oxybelus du Bassin du Leman (Insectes Hymen-
opleres),' par Frederic Chevrier; by the Author. Newman's ' British Moths,' No. 26:
by the Author. 'The Zoologist,' for February ; by the Editor. ' The Entomologist's
Monthly Magazine,' for February ; by the Editors.

Exhibitions, ^-c,

Mr. Edward Saunders exhibited a specimen of Pachetra leucophaea, captured by
Mr. N. E. Brown, on a gas-lamp at the Redhill Railway Station, on the i4th May,
1868.

The Secretary read a letter from Dr. W. Webster Butterfield, of Indianapolis,
oflFering to exchange Lepidoptera of Indiana, U.S.A., for those of England.

Mr. Pascoe made some observations on the Coleopterous genera Aprostoma,
Mecedanum and Gempylodes, with reference to the remark of Prof. Westwood (Proc.
Ent. Soc. 1868, p. 1.) that these genera would probably have to be united. M. Guerin's

genus Aprostoma was by Prof. Lacordaire referred to the family Brenthida; ; at all
events the insect from the Niger exhibited by Prof. Westwood was generically distinct,
and in Mr. Pascoe's opinion abundantly distinct, from Gempylodes.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a curious bug (perhaps an Odontoscelis) from the neitjbbour-
hood of Toulon; he had been unable to identify it with any species described by
M. Mulsaiit.

Prof. Westwood gave an account of ihe new vine-pest, Rhizaphis, to which his
attention was first called in 1863 : its mode of attacking the vine was two-fold, or at
all events specimens between which he could not find any difference, and which to all
appearance belonged to the same species, caused damage to the vines in two very
different ways. Some of them sucked the upper side of the leaf, and caused the
appearance on the lower side of a gall, which was unique in its character; the upper
coat of the leaf split into tooth-like or radiating segments, each with delicate white
filaments ; beneath this covering the insect sheltered herself, being visible through the
interstices between the radiations, and was of the size of an ordinary pin's head ; there
she lay her eggs, which hatched immediately, and the mother and young together filled
the cavity or cell; the young, however, soon left her, and went to the younger parts of
the plant, to commence depredations on their own account; a leaf would sometimes
be covered with them. Prof. Westwood knew no other instance of an insect burying
itself iu this manner. The other mode of attack was by sucking the roots or rootlets
underground, thereby causing decay and rottenness, and killing the vine; there was
not any gall or swelling formed, but he had found the young ones with their parent on
the roots. In the South of France whole vineyards had been destroyed ; and the pest
occurred iu England, though whether or not introduced or imported with the vines he
could not say. The female alone had been detected in this country, but Dr. Signoret
had obtained the male, and referred it to the genus Phylloxera. Prof. Westwood
wished to hear if any Member present was aware of any instance of the same insect
attacking a plant both above and below ground in two such dissimilar ways.

Mr. Frederick Smith was able to mention an instance. The common Cynips
aptera was well known to form clusters of galls on the fibrous roots of the oak; on one
occasion he had found, in Bishop's Wood, Hampstead, on the stem of an oak tree,
about a foot above the ground, a large lump which he could only compare to a number
of barnacles fastened to the bole; he cut the lump off, look it home, and to his surprise
bred therefrom between twenty and thirty specimens of Cynips aptera.

Mr. Charles Home (who was present as a visitor) exhibited the stings of two
scorpions which were killed by rats at Benares, on the 19th July, 1865; one of the
stings shewed a large hole where it had been perforated by the tooth of the rat. The
scorpion and rat were placed under a glass cover, and for some time the scorpion
fenced about, tail over head, trying to get hold of the rat, but at a favourable moment
the rat dodged down and made a rush at the scorpion, bit the sting through the
middle, then placed its foot upon the scorpion, and began to pull off the legs at leisure.
In India it was the constant habit of rats to destroy scorpions, and he believed they
usually ate them ; but in the case above described the scorpion was not eaten by the
rat.

Paper read.

The following paper was read :—" Description of a New Species of Hestina," by
Mr. A. G. Butler. The species, Hestina Zella, from India (?), was described as

being an excellent mimic of Danais Juventa, and most nearly allied to H. Mena of
Moore.

February 15, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Election of Members.
Arthur Wynne Foot, Esq., M.D., of 21, Lower Pembroke Street, Dublin, was
elected an Annual Subscriber.

Exhibitions, ^c.

Prof. Weslwood exhibited two parasites on bats from Ceylon, both Diptera, a
Strebla and a Nycteribia, prepared for the microscope in Canada balsam, by
Mr. Staniforth Green, of Colombo. They were simply pressed between sheets of
paper, an aperture haviuf? been made for the escape of the fluid matter, and whilst
still moist were laid on the glass, and the balsam, heated over a spirit lamp and
poured on hot, filled up the interstices and made the preparation transparent.

Mr. Butler exhibited a living locust of the genus Conocephalus: it had been
received by Mr. Swanzy in London on tbe 2nd of February, and arrived on board a
ship from the West coast of Africa. A swarm of them covered the decks, being at first
green, but after about three days they became brown, probably from the absence of
green food : notwithstanding exposure for some days to a very heavy sea, many speci-
mens clung to the vessel and arrived in the Thames alive. The one exhibited had
taken nothing since its arrival but a little water, except on one occasion when it was
compelled to clean its face of some sugar which Mr. Butler placed on it.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a collection of honey bees from all parts of the world, and
solicited the loan of foreign species, the localities of which were known, to extend his
knowledge of ibeir geographical distribution and assist him in the preparation of a
memoir on the honey bees supplementary to that published by him some few years ago
in the ' Annals and Magazine of Natural History ' : it was very desii'able to obtain all
the sexes of all the species, as the workers alone did not offer sufliciently marked
characters to determine the identity or specific distinctness of many of the forms.
Among the bees exhibited there were, a queen of Apis mellifica which was with diffi-
culty to be distinguished from a worker; all the sexes of Apis Ligustica and fasciata
(the latter, in the opinion of Dr. Gerstacker was only a variety, but Mr. Smith thought
he could show its distinctness) ; the male and worker of A. Indica, sent by Mr. Atkin-
son, of Calcutta ; a queen, sent by Mr. Lewis from Japan, very closely resembling the
common A. mellifica ; specimens of A. nigrocincta (considered by Gerstacker to be a
variety of A. Indica) ; all the sexes of A. floralis, the smallest known honey bee (the
worker of which is the A. lobata of Smith) ; A dorsata, the largest and commonest in
India and the Eastern Archipelago (of which A. testacea was only a variety) ; aud all
the sexes of a bee horn the Cape of Good Hope which might be only A. Ligustica, but
was considerably larger. Mr. Smith also exhibited pieces of the comb of various
species; the worker cells of the above-mentioned bee from the Cape were one-tenth

smaller than those of A. raellifica, ten of the former Leing equal to nine of the latter;
the cells of A. Indica were still smaller than those from the Cape ; the combs of A.
floralis, like those of A. dorsata, were attached to branches of trees; lastly, there were
some cells of A. dorsata, made of the same material as the rest, but an inch and a half
in depth, which Mr. Smith supposed to he honey-cells.

Mr. Druce exhibited a collection of butterflies from Nicaragua, brought to this
country by Mr. Thomas Belt. Amongst them was a Papilio, near to P. Sesostris;
and a series of Heiiconiidae representing four genera, but which looked like one species,
the whole of them being found flying together. Ten or twelve new species had been
obtained by Mr. Hewitson out of Mr. Belt's collection.

The President had obtained some handsome new species of (/oleoptera, also from
Mr. Belt, the scene of whose operations was the neighbourhood of the Chontales
mines. Nicaragua was divided in the middle, the Atlantic side being forest, the
Pacific side savannah and open grass-land ; Chontales lay on the edge of the Atlantic
belt of forest, and in consequence of the development of the mines there had been
considerable felling of timber, and most of Mr. Belt's Coleoptera were brought to him
by the wood-cutters : there were some very fine forms of Stenaspis, Colobothea,
Amphionycha, Oncideres, Anisocerus, &c., &c., and it seemed as if the tropical types
culminated in size and beauty in Nicaragua. So far as American Coleoptera were
concerned (though he could not say that he had observed the same thing in other
Orders), it seemed that at and near the Equator the species were comparatively dull in
colour, but brighter hues were assumed both in the North and South tropics.

Mr. A. R. Wallace thought this held good in the East also. The beetles of Borneo
were generally dull in colour, whilst more brilliant forms were found both in Ceylon
and China, in Java and Australia. The excessive uniformity in the character of the
vegetation was perhaps the cause of the prevailing dullness of the beetles found within
the equatorial belt.

By an unanimous vote the Secretary was requested to express to the Rev. T. A.
Marshall, on behalf of the Members of the Society, their sympathy and condolence
with him on the recent loss, through the foundering of a ship between Milford Haven
and Barnstaple, of the whole of his library and manuscripts and collection of insects.
The destruction of his minute British Hymenoptera belonging to groups but little
studied, and of the types of species characterized by Mr. Marshall, was more than
a private misfortune, and was an irreparable loss to Science.

Paper read.

The following paper was read : — " Description of a new Genus and Species of
Prionidse," by Mr. Edmund Thomas Higgins.

The new form was named Ommatomenus sericatus, was allied to Tilhoes and
Dorycera, and was described as connecting the Acanthophorus group of the Old World
with the Derobrachus group of the New World. It was found near the mouth of the
Niger, and the Acanthophorus megalops of Mr. Adam White, from Fernando Po, was
indicated as belonging to the genus Ommatomenus.

March 1, 1869.

H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.
The following donations were announced, and thants voted to the donors: —
' Proceeding's of the Eoyal Society,' No. 108; presented by the Society. ' Biillettino
della Societa Entomologica Italiaua,' Anno primo, Fascicolo I.; by the Society.
'Coleopterologische Hefle,' Part iv. ; by the Editor, Baron E. von Harold. ' Bidrag
til Kundskab om Christianiafjordens Fauna,' af Dr. Michael Sars; by the Author.
'Tlie Zoologist,' for March; by the Editor. ' The Entomologist's Monthly Maga-
zine,' for March ; by the Editors.

Election of Member,
Charles Home, Esq., of 3, Bernard Villas, Upper Norwood, was ballotted for, and

elected a Member.

Exhibitions, S/-c.

Mr. Bond exhibited specimens of Heliothis armiger from the Isle of Wight, Java
and Australia. The insect had been taken in Java by Dr. Horsfield; the Australian
specimens were captured by Dr. Madden.

Mr. W. C. Boyd exhibited dwarfs of Vanessa Urticse, Smerinthus Populi, Saturnia
Carpini and Pygsera Bucephala, all bred in 1868, by Mr. Davis, of Waltham Cross,
and scarcely more than half the ordinary size of the species : this was attributed to
rapidity of development, owing to the heat of ihe summer.

Dr. Wallace exhibited a number of Bombyx Yamamai and their cocoons: during
last season he bred about fifty of them at Colchester, and found them to vary con-
siderably in colour: the moth was in the habit of performing summersaults and
mancEuvres, like those of Cilix or Limacodes when netted. Also Bombyx Pernyi,
another oak-feeding species from China, of which he had received through the
Foreign Office a number of cocoons, from which the moths were hatching, and one
had laid about 270 eggs: he hoped to make some useful experiments with this
species, which like Bombyx Cynthia was double-brooded, but would probably be
found to require a dry climate and warm soil. Also English-bred specimens of the
American Saturnia Cecropia. Dr. Wallace made some remarks on the progress of
sericiculture in this country and the colonies: what was principally required was an
experiment on a large scale to test the commercial value of the product: with this
view a gentleman in Paris desired to purchase 500 fbs. of cocoons, for which he was
willing to give 25(1. per tb.

Dr. Wallace also exhibited a moth which, on the 18th of January, 1869, he
observed on the window of his room; bul, under the impression that it was a small
female of the common Emperor moth, left it undisturbed. On the 19th he noticed
that the antenna were pectinate, and thinking it still to be a female Saturnia Carpini
with the anlennsB of a male, he killed it and set it out. Closer examination showed
that it was not an Emperor moth at all, and he at length bethought him of a parcel
of cocoons, which he had received in 1867 from Dr. Hooker, of a Chinese Bombyx
which was said to yield the "gut" of fishermen. (See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. civ.).
On looking at the cocoons, none of which were productive during 1868, it was found

one of them had hatched, and there was unmistakeable evidence of the recent
emergence of a moth from the pupa: he had no doubt the moth exhibited was the
produce of that pupa. Mr. F. Moore recognized the species as Saturnia pyretorum
(Westw. Cab. Orient. Ent. p. 49, pi. 24, fig. 2).

Dr. Wallace mentioned that he had availed himself of the sample or pattern post
for the transmission of boxes of silk-worms or their eggs : so long as there was an
aperture at. each end of the box, which apertures might be covered with perforated
zinc or other material, but left it ascertainable that there was no letter enclosed, no
objection was raised by the Post-OflBce authorities; and he had lately sent a box by
post to Japan for eggs at a cost of 4s., which when it last came thence as a parcel had
cost 47s. Mr. Home added that bird-skins were now frequently sent from India by
sample post.

Mr. M'Lachlan exhibited three male specimens of Dilar Hornei (Ent. Mo. Mag.
V. 239), a new species from India of a genus remarkable amongst the Neuroptera
for the possession of pectinate antennae.

Mr. Home, by whom the species was brought to this country, said the insect was
not uncommon in Norlh-West India, on the hill sides, amongst grass in damp places,
but not near water: the female had a long yellow-brown ovipositor shaped like a
scimitar, which, so far from looking flexible, had the appearance of being very stiff.

Mr. Home exhibited sheets of the inner portion of the bark of Pinus longifolia,
which he had found useful in India as a substitute for cork: it was tolerably soft, and
the resin was not injurious to insects.

Prof. Weslwood mentioned that in the previous month he had seen exhibited at
Oxford a full-grown larva of Larapyris noctiluca, which was distinctly luminous.

Mr. J. J. Weir exhibited a mass of larvae of Tipula from Blackheath, where acres
of laud were so infested that there seemed to be more larvae than earth. In Greenwich
Park the grass was, at this early period, almost destroyed by them. Rooks, starlings
and sparrows appeared to be busy in the neighbourhood, but no diminution in the
number of the grubs was observable.

Mr. Bond mentioned that he had once known four hundred of these larvae taken
out of the crop of a pheasant.

Papers read.

Mr. Charles O. Waterhouse read a paper " On a new Genus and some new Species
of Coleoptera belonging to the Family Lucauidae."

Mr. J. Jenner Weir read a paper " On Insects and Insectivorous Birds, and
especially on the Relation between the Colour and the Edibility of Lepidoptera and
their Larvae."

Mr. A. G. Butler read a paper " On some Caterpillars, &c., which are unpalatable
to their Enemies."

Mr. Weir's experiments were suggested by the remarks of Mr. Alfred R. Wallace,
reported in Froc. Eut. Soc. 1867, p. Ixxx. : the conclusions at which lie arrived were,
that, as a rule, hairy and spinous larvce were rejected by birds (unless the cuckoo were
an exception) ; but he doubted whether the mechanical difScuky of swallowing them
was the cause of their rejection, and rather thought that the hairs were the con-
comitant of a disagreeable quality of which they acted as an indicator; that bright
and gaily-coloured larvae, were, as a rule, refused ; but that smooth larvae of a greenish
or dull brown colour, such as are for the most part nocturnal in their habits, and those

which simulate the leaves or twigs of trees upon which ihey live, were eaten with
avidity.

Mr. Butler's observaiions were on the consumption or rejection of larvfe by lizards,
fro,i;s and spiders; both lizards and frogs would eat hairy larvae; and even the stings
of bees had no deterrent effect upon a lizard.

These two papers led to a prolonged conversation, in which the President,
Mr. Home, Mr. A. R. Wallace, Mr. Butler, Mr. M'Lachlan and Dr. Wallace, took
jnirt.

Mr. Home said that in India lizards were almost omnivorous, and ale bees with
avidity; a friend of his. Colonel Ramsay, had hives of Apis dorsata placed near some
stone walls or terraces, which were a favourite resort of lizards; they would come to
the mouths of the hives, lie in wait for the bees, and take them, sting and all. Larvae
of all sorts, smooth or bairy, dull or bright, were eaten by lizards ; but scorpions were
rejected ; bears, however, would eat scorpions, and he had seen bears turn over stones
in search of scorpions, and eat them regardless of their stings. He had noticed that
a common Indian species of Carabus, and all the blister-beetles, seemed to be free
from attacks of any animal.

Dr. Wallace said that the larvae of Bombyx Cynthia, which were both gaily
coloured and covered with tubercles, were eaten by cuckoos, robins and tomtits: the
two latter made holes in the skin and took out the inside, whilst the cuckoos swallowed
the larvae whole.

Mr. Alfred R. Wallace was pleased to find that the observations of Mr. Weir went
so far to support the theory which, reasoning entirely from the analogy of what had
been observed in the Heliconiidae, he had ventured to suggest in answer to a question
of Mr. Darwin's. He thought there was now a solid foundation of fact for the hypo-
thesis that the bright colour of larvae was protective, and was (as it were) a flag hung
out to warn ofiF their enemies. Doubtless every detail either of form or colour had its
object and bearing upon the history of the creature. It was not necessary that the law
should be absolute or the rule universal ; he did not expect to find, on the contrary he
should have been surprised if it had been found, that all brightly coloured larvae were
peculiarly protected, or that the bright colour of any particular larva protected it from
all enemies ; if it thereby obtained protection from a single enemy, if it was left
exposed to the attack of but one enemy less than its neighbours, to that extent at
least the colour gave it an advantage ; the theory of protective warning supplied the
reason for, and afforded a rational explanation of, the gay colouring, which in the
case of larvae could not be accounted for by sexual selection.

March 15, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Election of Member.
H. Grose Smith, Esq., of Surbiton, was balloited for, and elected a Member.

Exhibitions, ^c.
Mr. Frederick Smith exhibited specimens of Colletes cunicularia, a bee new to this
country: they had been sent to him by Mr. Nicholas Cooke, by whose son, Mr. Isaac

VUl

Cooke, tbey were captured in ihe Isle of Wight, between Ventiior and Niton, in May,
18(57; four males and five females were taken. It is the largest European species of
Colletes, and is the C. hirta of Continental authors, which name, however, must give
place lo cunicularia of Linnaeus, llie type of which is extant in the Linnean collection.

Mr. M'Lachlan exhibited a gigantic species of Ephemeridse, about three inches in
expanse of wings. It had been received by Mr. Salvin, from Veragua; and was pro-
bably the Palingenia Hecuba of Dr. Hagen.

Mr. Butler exhibited varieties of several butterflies, captured by him in Switzerland,
chiefly in the neighbourhood of Chamounix, in July and August, 1868. There were —
(1) Anthocharis Cardamines, with the black spot on the fore-wings very small, the
black edging confined to the tip of the wing, and the orange colour extending con-
siderably within the black spot — this seemed to be the normal type of the insect in
Switzerland ; (2) Colias Edusa, remarkable for its large size ; (3) Epinephele Janira,
one specimen very dark, another very light in colour — the former was the common
type in Switzerland ; (4) Argynnis Aglaia, with the hind-wings almost entirely black,
and the silvery spots on the under side covering the basal and apical parts of the wing ;
(5) Melitsea Alhalia, four varieties, varying from almost entirely black to almost
entirely fulvous; and (6) Parnassius Apollo, with small pale ocelli, the ordinary pink
markings being pale yellow. Mr. Butler added that Leucophasia Sinapis, the " wood
white" as we term it, was common all over Switzerland, not in woods, but in the
neighbourhood of water.

Mr. Stainlon, who had just returned from Italy, made some remarks on the difl"erent
habits of the same species in difl^erent localities; for instance, at Cannes, Mentone,
and other places in the South of Europe, Pyrameis Atalanta was the commonest hyber-
nating butterfly. The species was to be seen everywhere, whilst in this country a
hybernated specimen was never seeu before April, and rarely before the time when the
hawthorn is in blossom.

Mr. Hewitson sent for exhibition a number of butterflies collected in Nicaragua by
Mr. Belt ; there were twelve species new to Science, and several others which were not
previously in Mr.Hewitson's cabinet. The Papilio mentioned at the Meeting of 15th
February {ante, p. iv.) was believed to be the female of P. Childrenae, a species dis-
tinct from P. Sesostris,

Mr. Hewitson also sent for exhibition two new species of Papilio, from Ecuador,
whence they were received by Mr. James Backhouse. As an incident of collecting in
Ecuador, it might be mentioned that the captor and his mule were thrown over a
precipice together; the gentleman had his head cut and one of his arms broken, and
in this plif^ht had to ride for seven days in search of a doctor.

The President exhibited seven forms of Papilio belonging to the Machaon group.
Mr. Christopher Ward had purchased the Japanese collection of butterflies from
the Paris Exhibition : it included Papilio Machaon and Xuthus, and a third
form, which proved to be the P. Xuihulus of Bremer, who described it as being
intermediate between the other two; it was first captured in Amoor-land, and
the captor took it for a hybrid between Machaon and Xuthus, until it was
noticed that its time of appearance was a month earlier than either of the
other species. For comparison with these Japanese forms, the President added
P. Zelicaon and Asterias, and two other American forms : he observed that in
Europe P. Machaon was very constant, and that the allied forms in America

m\ iim.

exhibited but slig;ht variation from the same type ; but in North-Eastein Asia
the group appeared to be more unstable, for although the true Machaon was there
found, it was associated with two other forms exhibiting greater diverjiency from the
typical form. This was another instance, analogous to what he had before recorded
respecting the Theonoe group of the genus Leptalis, in which a certain type of form
was found to be constant at the opposite ends of its area of distribution, but was liable
to variation in intermediate localities ; thus tending to show that the development or
manufacture of new species takes place, not necessarily over the whole range of dis-
tribution of the particular type, but only in limited areas of the total range, where and
when the particular circumstances are most favourable to variation.

A letter from Mr. H. L. Schrader was read by the Secretary; the writer described
some of his observations on species of GRceticus, from which he inferred that those
species are viviparous.

Papers read.

The following papers were read : — " Descriptions of two New Species of Papilio from
Ecuador,'' and " Descriptions of six New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera from
Nicaragua;'' by Mr. Hewilson.

" Contributions to an Insect Fauna of the Amazon Valley (Coleoptera, Prionides)."
By t!ie President.

" Synopsis of the Species of Panorpa occurring in Europe and the adjoining
Couniries ; with a Description of a New Species from Java." By Mr. M'Lachlan.

April 5, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors : —
' Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. 109 ; presented by the Society. 'Journal of
the Agricultural Society of England,' 2nd Ser., vol. v.. Part 1 ; by the Society.
' Miltheiluiigen der Schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft,' vols. 1 and 2 ;
by the Society. ' Siudien an Acariden,' von Edouard Clapaiede; by Sir John
Lubbock, Bart. ' Die Oiiorhynchiden s. str. nach den morphologischen Verwandt-
schaftsverhallnissen ihres Haulscelet's vergleichend dargestellt, von Georg Seidlitz;'
by the Author. ' Report on the Culture of the Japanese Silkworm, Bombyx Yama-
mai, in 1867-8, in England,' by Dr. Wallace ; by the Author. 'The Insect Hunter's
Year-Book for 1868,' and ' The Zoologist' for April ; by the Editor, E. Newman, Esq.
'The Entomologists' Monthly Magazine' for April; by the Editors.

The following addition by purchase was also announced: — Gemminger and Von
Harold, ' Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum,' Tom. iii.

Exhibitions, SfC.
Mr. Pascoe exhibited a new genus of Diaperinse from Espiritu Santo, in which the
horns on the head between or above the eyes, which distinguish many of the males of
Platydema, Diaperis, Hoplocephala, &c., were transferred to the apex of the prothorax ;

the female showed a slight approach to the same formation. Also species of the
European genera Apion, Altelabus, and Elleschus, recently discovered in Australia;
and several remarkable unpublished forms of Curculionidae, among which were — a new
genus from Macassar allied to Oxycorynus, having the pronotum distinct from the
flanks of the protborax, with its edges serrate ; a species from Batcbian, with the base
of the protborax prolonged into a slender spine extending backwards half the length
of the elytra ; another from the same island without any claw-joint, its tarsi therefore
only three-joiuled ; a species allied to Catasarcus, with a single claw; a peculiar
globose form from Cape York, allied to Tragopus ; a thick-set species from South
Africa, with the base of its protborax ensconced in the elytra ; a species from Para,
of doubtful affinity, with a distinct pronotum ; &c.

Prof Westwood exhibited a male specimen, from the Oxford Museum, of the
Panorpa from Java, which was described at the previous meeting by Mr. M'Lachlan
as Panorpa nematogaster. Also specimens of Blatta melanocephala, which was found
very destructive in Orchid-houses, feeding on the buds or young shoots.

Mr. Druce exhibited two male specimens of Pa])ilio Zalmoxis, of Hewitson, from
Old Calabar.

Mr. Bond exhibited Sciaphila communana, of Herrich-Schajffer, a moth new to
Britain, captured at Wiclien Fen, Cambridgeshire; also dried larvae of Myelophila
cribrella, in situ, within the stems of thistles.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited several species of humble-bees with their respective
parasites or cuckoo-bees. Bombus subterrnueus varied from yellow to entirely
black, and the parasite Apathus camprestis showed similar variations in colour;
the same was true of Bombus muscorum. Bombus terrestris was not liable to
variation, its parasite Apathus vesialis was also constant; the same was true of
Bombus lapidarius and Apathus rupestris, though the parasite in this case had dark
wings. Bombus pratorum was the only moss-building species which was infested by
a parasite, Apathus barbutellus, and this did not at all resemble the humble-bee.
The first idea that suggested itself was that the cuckoo-bee bore resemblance to the
worker of the humble-bee in order to gain access to the nest; but it was only in
the social species that the parasites resembled the bumble-bees, and the parasite of
B. pratorum militated against the theory.

In the course of the conversation which ensued, it was suggested that an entry
might be effected into the nest of a solitary bee, in the absence of the true owner,
without disguise ; whilst in the case of a social species,, of which some of the colony
would always be at home, the entry of an undisguised stranger would be detected.
And in reply to inquiries, it was elicited from Mr. Smith that the moss-building
Bombus pratorum was a placid bee, by the side of whose nest a person might sit with
impunity ; and hence it was to be inferred that this species, by reason of its diflferent
mental constitution, might more readily admit a stranger into its nest without oppo-
sition, whilst stratagem or deception was necessary to obtain access to the nests of
species less peaceably disposed.

Papers read.
The following Papers were read : —

" Descriptions of New Species of Diurnal Lepidoptera." By Mr. W. C. Hewitson.
" Notes on Eastern Butterflies. By Mr. A. R. Wallace,

" Descriptions of New Species of Phytophaga, belonging to the Families Cassididae
and HispidfE." By Mr. J. S. Baly.

" A Revision of the British Species of Humalota." By Dr. Sharp. One hundred
and fifty -seven species were described, of which twenty-nine were new.

May 3, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.
The following donations were announced, and thants voted to the donors : —
' Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. 110; presented by the Society. 'Journal of
the Quekett Microscopical Club,' No. 6; by the Club. ' Annales de la Societe Lin-
iieenne de Lyon,' vol. xvi.; by the Society. ' Verhandlungen der k. k. zool-bot.
Gesellschaft in Wien,' vol. xviii., Paris 1 and 2 ; by the Society. ' Bulletin de la
Socieie Imp. des Naturalistes de Moscou/ 1868, No. 2 ; by the Society. ' Beilrag
zur Kenntniss der Coleopteren-Fauna der Balearen,' by Dr. Schaufuss. Hewitson's
' Exotic Butterflies,' Part 70 ; by W. W. Saunders, Esq. ' The Zoologist' for May ;
by the Editor. 'The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine' for May ; by the Editors.

Election oj Member.
Charles Owen Waterhouse, Esq., of the British Museum, was ballolted for, and
elected a Member.

Exhibitions, <J-c.

Mr. S. Stevens exhibited a large collection of Coleoptera, sent from China by Mr.
Pullinger; and read an extract from a Report on the Coffee Plantations of India, to
the effect that the planters had not discovered any remedy for or preventive of the
ravages of the coffee-borer, Xylotrechus quadripes.

Mr. Dunning exhibited a specimen of the common Cetonia aurata, found in a
garden at New Cross on the 11th April; it was partly covered with earth, and appeared
to have just emerged from its underground hybernaculum, whence it had been pre-
maturely tempted by the first warmth of spring.

Mr. Butler mentioned that the Conocephalus from West Africa, which he exhibited
on the loth February {ante, p. iii.) was still alive ; he had kept it in a box on a mantel-
shelf at the British Museum, where it remained motionless unless disturbed, and had
not eaten anything whatever.

Prof. Westwood exhibited three species of Epyris and some other Hymenoptera
of doubtful position, having relations with the Proctotrupidse, the Chrysididse, and
some of the Scoliidse ; and a Calyoza from Port Natal, with pectinate antenn3B having
thirteen joints in both sexes; this was identical with an insect found in gum anime,
and described in Trans. Ent. Soc. ii. £)6 (where the male was represented as having
only twelve joints to the antennae).

Mr, Frederick Smith exhibited both sexes of Cynips, the male of which had at
last been detected by Mr. Walsh in America. The oak-apples on the black Oiik
(Quercus liiictoria) are first observed in May, and reach their full growth in a few

weets ; by the middle of June, male and female gall-flies (Cynips quercus-spongifica,
Oslen-Sacken) emerge from a small proportion of tbem, say one-fourth ; the remaining
three-foiirtbs do not develop flies until tlie autumn, and then produce gall-flies
(C. q acicuiala) closely allied to, yet quile distinct from, those produced in June, and
out of ihousauds of the autumnal flies which were examined not one was a male.
Mr. Walsh placed some of the autumnal form (C. q. aciculata) on oak-trees, and they
created galls, Iroiu some of which were obtained the spring form (C. q. spongifica),
whilst a few produced the autumnal form (C. q. aciculata), and all the latter were
females. These last ajjain were placed on isolated oaks, galls were formed by their
puncturing, and froui these the spring form (C. q. sponj^ifica) was again obtained.
From which observations it was to be inferred that the two forms are not distinct
species, but dimorphous forms of the same species. From the red oak (Quercus
inanis) a diflferent gall was obtained, smaller than the former, and the central cell not
woody : from these galls came male and female gall-flies (Cynips quercus-inanis,
Oslen-Sacken), which were undistinguishable from the spring form of C. q. spongifica,
but no autumnal form of this fly had been discovered. Mr. Walsh felt himself com-
pelled to consider the flies distinct, because the galls were diff'erent and were obtained
from distinct species of oak; but the gall-flies were exactly alike. An account of
Mr. Walsh's observations had been given in " The American Entomologist," of which
Mr. Smith mentioned that, though 6000 copies were struck off, the early numbers
were alrciidy out of print.

Mr. Charles Home stated the result of his observations in India on various insects,
as re;:ar(ls their liability to or freedom from the attacks of animals, birds, lizards, &c.
In corroboration of his previous statement (ante, p. vii.) he might mention that the
brown or yellow bear (Ursus isabellinus) was described by Dr. Jerdon as eating scor-
pions, insects, honey and fruit; the Himalayan black hear (U. Tibetanus) was very
fond of locusts, but with this exception did not affuct insects; the black bear
(U. labiatus) was said to "suck the grubs of large Loiigicorns" in the Neilgherries,
having first dug them out of the soil, but this bear was not found among the hills of
the Norlh-West Provinces, and Mr. Home was not personally acquainted with its
habits. Anibia i|uadriniaculata, all the species of Blaps, and all the observed Myla-
bridse and Geotrupidtp, were refused by everything. A brightly coloured locust was
refused by birds and lizards; it exuded a yellow acrid juice with a pungent odour.
The wingless female Lauipyridoe were not eaten, though perhips the males might be.
Small round hard Coleopiera, and Mantispae, were refused by the Gecko lizards, whith
were otherwise ou)niv(U-ous. Termites in all their stages, and migratory locusts, were
generally eaten by birds, frogs and lizards; even the smallest birds would take
locusts, as would also squirrels and mice. Hemiptera were generally refused. Man-
tidsB were freely eaten by birds. Merops viridis and other birds eat bees; the honey-
buzzard tears off" the comb of bees and wasps, and heedless of their slings sits and eats
the honey, wax, grubs, and all. Crows eat all visible caterpillars, but prefer smooth-
bodied ones. Kiiig-crows (Dicrurus) eat all insects on the wing; a large fat-bodied
moth with red under-wings was a great favourite with them. Sparrows delight in the
Noctuidae ; so do the hunting spiders, and Mr. Home was at a loss to understand why
the spiders were not carried oS" by the moths. Most of the thrush tribe gobble up
almost indiscriminately every insect or caterpillar they find. Sparrows had been seen
to refuse cockroaches, but other birds would eat thrm. Most of the Blatlidas were

xni

rejected by birds. The Tchneumonidse appeared to enjoy immunity from the attacks of
birds, which Mr. Home attributed chiefly to an acrid smell which most of them
emitted. He had seen Dyliscidae taken by birds, and dropped from inability to eat
them. lulidas were totally rejected by all animals and birds.

Mr. Home also mentioned that he had once known a large spider (or rather
a Galeodes) killed by the siiu^ of a wasp upon which he was feeding; the Galeodes
finished his meal, but sickened and died shortly after. He inquired whether it was
from fear, or for the purposeof annoyance, that humble-bees eject fluid when disturbed;
and mentioned a similar occurrence which he observed in a hornet at Benares : the
hornet was on a window, and, on being touched with a pencil, ejected a clear fluid
along the glass, in several lines of from one inch to two inches in length. Mr. Home
also exhibiied a sketch from nature of a moth and a hunting spider : the moth was at
rest on a small bamboo in a summer-house, and the spider was quietly feeding upon
the moth; the question was, how did the spider catch and hold the moth, without
any disturbance of the latter? The moth must have been alive when the spider
seized him, for the spider would not have cared to suck a dead body.

Mr. M'Lachlan had seen a Phalangium which had captured, and held in captivity,
a Plusia Gamma under similar circumstances.

Mr. M'Lachlan exhibited a white ant which had been brought in all its stages by
Mr. Melliss from St. Helena. (See Prou, Ent. Soc. 1863, p. 185 ; 186fi, p. xii.) The
insect was said to have been introduced into the island from the coast of Africa, but it
was not referable to any described African species; it had rather the appearance of a
West Indian or Brazilian species, and resembled the Termes tenuis of Dr. Hagen.

Mr. M'liachlan also exhibited a number of black Podurse, probably the same
species as that exhibiied by Mr. G, S. Saunders (Proc. Ent. Soc. 1867, p. Ixxxv), the
Anura tuberculata of Templeton : the so-called " blight" fell over a duck-pond and
favm-yard near Hungerford on the 10th April, and Icoked just as if a sack of soot had
been emptied out; it floated for some time on the pond, but soon disappeared from
the farm-yard. Mr. M'Lachlan added that he had only that morning found a number
of small white Podurse in his own house at Lewisham : some flowers were in a room,
one of the flower-pots had been removed, leaving a saucer containing water, on the
top of which the spring-tails were floating; but on returning two or three hours later
they were all drowned.

Prof Westwood suggested that they must have passed from the flower-pot into the
water before the removal of the former; and Mr. Jenner Weir said that during the
present spring he had observed them on several occasions under flower-pots.

Papers read.
The following papers were read: —

" Notes on Eastern Btittei flies," (Continuation, on the genus Diadema) ; by Mr.
Alfred R. Wallace.

" Descriptions of new or little-known Forms of Diurnal Lepidoptera;" by Mr.
A. G. Butler.

New Purl of ' Transactions.'

The first part of the "Transactions for 1869" (published in April) was on the
table.

XIV

June 7, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were aiinounceci, and ihanks voted to the donors : —
' Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. Ill ; presented by the Society. ' Proceed-
ings of the Zoological Society,' 1868, Part 3; by the Society. ' Horae Societatis
Entomologicae Rossicae,' Vol. vi., No. 2; by the Society. 'Berliner Entomologische
Zeitschrift, 1868, Parts 3,4,-1869, Parts 1,2; and ' Verzeichniss der Kafer Deutsch-
lands,' von Dr. Kraatz ; by the Entonaological Society of Berlin. ' Illustrations of
Diurnal Lepidoptera, Part IV., Lycajnidsc'; by the Author, W. C. Hewitson, Esq.
H. de Saussure, ' Reise der Oest. Fregatte Novara, Hymenoptera ;' 'Etudes sur
quelques Orthopteres du Musee de Geneve ; ' 'Etudes sur I'Aile des Orthopteres ; '
' Orthoplerum Sjiecies novge aliquot ;' ' Phasmidarum novorum Species nonnullae ;' and
Prof. Yerbin, 'Note sur la derniere Mue des Orthopteres;' ' Note sur les Mues du
Grillon charnpetre;' 'Note sur le Xiphidium brunneum;' presented by Sir John
Lubbock. ' The Zoologist,' for June; by the Editor, ' The Entomologist's Monthly
Magazine,' for June; by the Editors.

The following addition by purchase was also announced : — ' Recherches sur la Faune
de Madagascar : lusectes,' par S. C. Snellen van Vollenhoven et Baron Edm. de Selys
Longchamps.

Exhibitions, ^c.

Mr. Druce exhibited a collection of butterflies from Borneo, containing several
novelties and rarities; amongst them a new Ornithoptera, a rare Charaxes, &c.

Mr. Stainton exhibited two specimens of a new species of Tineina, bred from larvae
sent by M. Milliere, who found them at Cannes on Osiris alba. The bushy tufted
palpi of the insect resembled those of Anarsia, and its habit was to sit with its head
depressed as if resting on the palpi; the markings of the wings were like Zelleria or
Swammerdamia. Mr. Stainton had seen the moth at Vienna and in other Continental
collections, but the discovery of its habits and transformations was due to M. Milliere,
who proposed to describe it under the name of Paradoxus (n. g.) Osiridellus.

Mr. Stainton also exhibited drawings of the larva and pupa-case of Gelechia
atrella, and was now able to corroborate the observation of Mr. Jeffrey (see Proc.
Ent. Soc. 1866, p. xxv.) that this species is a Hypericum feeder. At the previous
meeting of the Society, Mr. De Grey had given Mr. Stainton some Hypericum stems
containing larvae, which had since produced Gelechia atrella; when full fed, the larva
cuts off the terminal portion of the stem, which appears to be slit up the side for the
purpose of flattening it, and by spinning together the edges it forms a flexible case,
within which it turns to the pupa,

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a bee which he had found on the previous day at Southend,
in grass, so completely covered with larvae of Meloe that it was impossible to deter-
mine the species of the bee until the greater part of the parasites had been removed ;
he did not remember to have ever found larvae of Meloe so late in the season ; there
were forty or fifty of them on the bee when exhibited, when captured there must have
been 300 or 400 ; the bee proved to be Melecta armata, itself a parasite in the nests of
Anthophora.

X\'

Mr. F. Smiih exhibited living specimens of Physonota gigantea, a remarkably
beautiful species of Cassididas, which however loses all its colour within two or three
days after death, indeed some of them had faded and become dull during life ; they
were brought to Liverpool from Central America in a cargo of logwood, and were said
to have dropped out of the cracks of the wood.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a smooth corneous luminous larvae from Uruguay, which >
he supposed to be a Pyrophorus. When placed in a dark room, the head appeared {^
bright red, and each side showed ten bright green spots ; the lateral spots were almost 5j,
always visible (in the dark), the red only occasionally, and sometimes would remain in- P ^
visible for ten minutes together ; the colours were so intense that Mr. Smith compared ^,-' '
them to the red and green signal-lamps of a railway train. It was said by the sender ^^
to be capable of living for two or three months without food, if placed in earth which
was kept damp and occasionally changed.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a beetle* brought by Mr. Du Boulay from West Australia,
which possessed a very peculiar formation of the elytra with remarkable elevations on
the hind pari thereof, and which seemed intermediate between Hister and Claviger.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings of two new species of the Ectrephes of Pascoe
(Proc. Ent. Soc. 1866, p. xvi. = Anapestus of King, in Trans. Ent. Soc. N. S. W.
for the same year), which genus he now considered to be a strangely modified form of
Ptinidfe; and of some other forms (Polyplocotes, n. g., &c.) which connected Ectre-
phes and Plinus. Also, a new Articerus, a new Paussus, &c.

The Secretary read a letter from the Secretary of the Flax Improvement Associ-
ation of Belfast, respecting the damage done by a small beetle to the flax crop,
especially whilst the plant was in the seed-leaf. The species was determined by Mr.
Janson to be tbe Thyumis parvula of PaykuU.

Papers read.

The following papers were read : —

"Notes on Eastern Butterfles" (continuation, Eurytelidae and LibytheidEe) ; by
Mr. Alfred R. Wallace.

" Observations on Lucanoid Coleoptera ; with Remarks on some new Species, and
on the present Nomenclature ; accompanied by a Revised Catalogue of the Species."
by Major Parry. (First Part).

" Remarks on the Genus Ectrephes, and Descriptions of new Exotic Coleoptera,"
by Prof. Westwood.

" Notes on Chalcididae ; and description of a new Species of Megastigmus," by
Mr. Francis Walker.

" Descriptions of new Species of the Genus Pison ; and a Synonymic List of those
previously described," by Mr. Frederick Smith.

" Descriptions of new Genera and Species of Exotic Hymenoptera,'' by Mr.
F. Smith.

New Part of ' Transactions.'

The second part of the 'Transactions' for 1869 (published in May) was on the
table.

* The Chlamydopsis striatella of Westwood, Tr. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 318.

July 5, 1809.
Frederick Smith, Esq., Vice-President, in the cbair.

Addilions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and th;inks voted to the donors: —
'Transactions of the Linnean Society,' Vol. xxvi., Pt. 3 ; presenied by the Society.
' Stetiiner Eulomologische Zeitunj."-,' 1869, Nos. 1 — 6; by the Eiitom. Soc. of Stettin.
'Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. 1 12; by the Society. Butler's 'Lepidoptera
Exotica,' Pt. 1 ; by E. W. Janson, Esq. ' Descriptions of new Genera and Species of
Tenebrionidse from Australia and Tasmania,' by F. P. Pascne ; by the Author. ' The
Zoologist,' for July; by the Editor. 'The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' for
July ; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were also announced : — Thomson, ' Skandi-
naviensColeoptera,' Vol. is. Gemminger and von Harold, ' Catalogus Coleopterorum,'
Vol. iv.

Election of Member.

Albert Miiller, Esq., of Eton Villa, Sunny Bank Road, South Norwood, was
ballotted for and elected a Member.

Exhibitions, ^-c.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited a gigantic tick, nearly an inch in length, and half
an inch in breadth : it was found on a Greek tortoise.

Mr. Colvile Barclay (who was present as a Visitor) gave an account of the damage
done to the sugar cane in Mauritius by a species of Coccus, the " pou a poche blanche,''
or " pou blanc.'' See Proc. Ent. Soc. 1864, pp. 25, 51.

Mr. Frederick Smith exhibited drawinu;s of the luminous larva shown at the

> previous Meeting {ante, p. xv.), and supposed to be a Pyrophorus. Dr. Candeze and

^£vProf. Scbiodte (who was present as a Visitor) were both of opinion that the larva

r belonged to the ElateridcE, and were equally of opinion thai Mr. Andrew Murray's

u Astraptor illuminator (Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., vol. x., p. 74, pi. i.) was not an Elater.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a living male of the field cricket, Acheta campestris,
found near Farnham ; and remarked that th(iu;;h he required to be placed in the sun
to make him begin his song, moisture seemed to give him an additional stimulus and
made him sing the louder.

Mr. F. Smith also exhibited specimens, some of them alive, of Pissodes notatus,
from Bournemouth, showing great variation in size.

Mr. Pryer exhibited a specimen of Eupithecia tofjata, taken in the previous month ;
the occurrence of the species in this country bad not been recorded for some years.
The locality was not stated. Mr. Dunning mentioned that he had taken the insect at
Brandon, Suffolk, in 1849.

The Hon. T. I)e Grey exhibited three specimens of Cosmopteryx orichalcea, from
Wicken Fen, Cambridgeshire ; and six of what Prof. Zeller held to be a dark variety
of Carpocapsa Juliana, though they were (part of a larger number) bred from beech
in April.

Mr. Wakefield (who was present as a Visitor) stated the result of his entomological
experience in New Zealand, apologising for the scantiness of his information on the

XVll

giountl that the whole of his collections had perisliPfl in ihe burning of the ship
" Blue Jacket." As in mammals and birds, so in insects, there seemed a paucity both
of species and specimens, and a poverty of appearance about the few that did occur.
Mr. Fereday had not been able to get together more than fourteen or fifteen species of
butterflies, and 250 of moths. Mr. Wakefield himself had obtained perhaps 120
species of Coleoptera, thirty or forty of Hymenoptera, and about 150 of Diptera. There
was generally a close similarity to British species, but usually of an impoverished and
inferior type. He had taken a clear-wing moth which he believed to be absolutely
identical with Trochilium tipuliforme, but this species had probably been imported
into New Zealand with currant bushes.

The Secretary read a letter from Mr. C. A. Wilson, Corresponding Member, dated
"Adelaide, 21st April, 1869." The following are extracts : —

" MvRMFXEONiD^. — We have had for some years past about seven known species
of Myrmeleon and the same number of Ascalaphus, with few exceptions all found near
Adelaide, though the greater part in each genus are very rare or scarce in individuals.
These have long, doubtless, been named in English Museums, but we have not the
names out here. All these insects are very fond of settling on the wire fences uow
used with post and rail all over the country for fencing; the size of the wire seeming
to suit the grasp of their feet as well or better than a twig might do, and where they
can rest undisturbed either by adjacent twigs or the motion of the object grasped. The
species of Myrmeleonidae lie with all their limbs flat along the wires, looking at a
little distance merely like a gradual thickening and then decreasing of the metal,
acting with their motionless habits and grayish colour quite as a passive means of
defence by deception, one of the many ways in our insect world out here, in which
they have " protective resemblances." Our common Ascalaphus while on the wing
flies like the Myrmeleons, heavily or lazily, and soon settles, but places itself in a
very different attitude, — it may be also a deceiving one : after the legs are arranged,
its antennae are stuck out straight before it, the knobs resting on or a little raised from
the wire, but the abdomen is raised pointing upwards at an angle of 45"^. All that I
have seen in this position (as many as nine in a day) seem to have been females. The
morning is the best time to see them, as, if the wires afterwaids become hot in the
December sun, the Ascalaphi soon disappear; they are also quite motionless in this
singular position, but apparently on the watch, as they can mostly, though not always
be taken by a guarded motion of finger and thumb.

" Mason Wasps. — In the month of December I took my usual annual walk to a
celebrated insect locality in the Mount Lofty range of hills N.E. of Adelaide, about

six miles up a gully called Stewart's Gully 'Whiz' came by a wasp with

purple and yellow body [specimen enclosed ; pronounced by Mr. Frederick Smith to be
Paragia tricolor]. It hovered over the ground for a few minutes, and then went
prone to earth and disappeared ; on looking about I found a little chimney made of
earth, down which the wasp had evidently gone: this structure was about half an inch
in height and one-third of an inch iu the diameter of its opening at the top, straight
down the sides, and placed over a hole of the same size. With slight pressure, and
without breaking it, I removed the chimney ; and then its use became apparent, for,
moved by the " gully breezes," little stones and bits of leaf came rolling down the
incline, and several tumbled into the unprotected hole. I watched for a few minutes,
but the tenant did not come out; and as I turned away, up flew another wasp of the

XVlll

same species, and at once went down another chimney but a few feet off, and which,
from its similarity to the earth and stones around, I only discovered by this means, a
Presently a louder whizzing noise, and swiftly came two more wasps together: one I
of these seemed frightened and flew off for a time, but the otlier made great sweeps to
and fro ; I observed the object aimed at, and quickly removed the little structure
before the builder in one of its curves came round again, — then, without hesitation,
pausing, or being puzzled, it went directly down the uncovered hole, I must say much
to my surprise. I likewise took the chimney of a fifth wasp (which came soon after-
wards), after it had gone below. These little buildings were all removed entire, but
easily broke afterwards, having no hold on anything and the sides being very thin ;
meantime the first seen wasp had emerged from its cell, as it now returned and went
below a second time. I did not observe that any of these (I concluded all to be
females) carried any caterpillars or other food to their young (if any) in these subter-
ranean dwellings, — perhaps the eggs were not laid or the young yet emerged : all
these five domiciles were within a few feet of each other, and full six feet from the last
was a sixth chimney, but the owner was not visible. These insects can, therefore,
hardly be called gregarious, but had (as in the case of the holes made by the females
of several of our MulillidaB) merely placed their dwellings thus contiguous, the situ-
ation being most suitable, and perhaps from a little desire for companionship: these
holes might also serve in future seasons for the young broods, and increase in
numbers."

Papers read.

The following papers were read : —

" Notes on Eastern Butterflies" (continuation); by Mr, Alfred R. Wallace.

" On the Australian Species of Tetracba;" by Mr. Edwin Brown.

New Part of Transactions.'

Part 3 of the " Transactions for 1869," containing the conclusion of Dr. Sharp's
Revision of the British Species of Homalota, published in June, was on the table.

; (*■■•-

XIX

November 1, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors : —
' Proceedings of the Koyal Society,' Nos. 113, 1 14 ; ' Journal of the Linnean Society,'
Zoology, No. 46, and ' Proceedings,' 1868-69 ; ' Proceedings of the Zoological Society,'
1869, pt. 1 ; ■ Journal of the Agricultural Society,' ser. 2, vol. v. pt. 2; ' Anuales de la
Societe Entomologique de France,' 1869, pt. I ; ' Annales de la Societe Enlonaologique
de Belgique,' vols. i. — xii. ; ' Memoires de la Societe de Physique, &c., de Geneve,'
vol. XX. pt. 1 ; ' Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft,'
vol. iii. Nos. 1, 2; ' Bullelino della Societa Entomologica Italiana,' vol. i. pt. 3;
' Bulletin de la Socieie des Naturalistes de Moscou,' 1868, No. 3; 'Transactions of
the American. Entomological Society,' vol. ii. Nos. 1, 2; 'Memoirs read before the
Boston Society of Natural History,' vol. 1, pt. 4, and ' Proceedings,' vol. xii. Nos. 1 —
17 ; ' Memoirs of the Peabody Academy of Sciences,' vol. i. No. 1 ; presented by the
several Societies. 'Report of the Commissioner of Agriculture for 186/;' by the
United States Government. 'Record of American Entomology for 1868;' by the
Editor, Dr. Packard. 'List of ihe Lepidoptera of North America,' pt. 1, by A. R.
Grote and C. T. Robinson; by the Authors. ' Entomological Notes,' Nos. 1, 2;
' Supplement to a List of the Butterflies of New England ; ' ' Check List of the
Butterflies of New England;' 'Notes on the Stridulation of some New England
Orthoptera;' and 'Catalogue of the Orlhoptera of North America described
previous to 1867,' by Samuel H. Scudder; by the Author. 'Entomological
Correspondence of T. W. Harris,' edited by S. H. Scudder; by the Editor. 'The
Canadian Entomologist, vol. i.; ' Betrachtungen iiber die Verwandlung der Insekten
ira Sinne der Desceudenz-Tbeorie,' von F. Brauer; 'Notes sur les Neuropteres de
Mingrelie,' par le Baron de Selys Longchamps, et par R. M'Lachlan; by R.
M'Lachlan, Esq. ' Coleopterologische Helte,' No. 5; by the Editor. ' Sepp, Neder-
landsche Inscten,' vol. ii. Nos. 17 — 38; by M. Snellen van Vollenhoven. ' Synopsis
des Scolytides,' by ihe Author, Dr. Chapuis. 'Exotic Butterflies,' Parts 71, 72 ; by
\V. W. Saunders, Esq. 'Lepidoptera Exotica,' pt. 2 ; and ' Cistula Entomologica,'
pt. 1 ; by E. W. Janson, Esq. ' Descriptions of some New Species of Lamiidas,' by
the Author, F. P. Pascoe, Esq. 'Considerations on the Neuropterous genus Chau-
liodes and its allies;' by the Author, R. M'Lachlan, Esq. ' On the Ailautlius-feeding
Silkworm;' by the Author, W. F. Kirby, Esq. Three Tracts by ihe Baron de Chau-
doir; seven by Prof. Ballion ; and twenty-two Tracts by M. H. Lucas; presented by
the Authors respectively. 'The Zoologist,' August to November; by the Editor.
' The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' August to November; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were announced: — ' Beschreibung euro-
paischen Diplercn,' von Hermann Loew; ersler Band. ' Bericht der Entomologie
wahrend der Jahre 1865 und 1866,' von Dr. A. Gerstaecker ; zweite Halfte.

Exhibitions, ^-c.
Mr. Janson, on behalf of Dr. Power, exhibited the following seven species of
Coleoptera, all new to the British list: — (1) Triarthron Maerkelii, Schmidt, taken

near Esher, 23rd July, 1869 (also taken by Mr. Oliver Jaiison, at Shirley, on the
7lh August); (2) Silvanus similis, Erichson, at Esher, 4th August, by sweepin;^;
(3) Niptus gonospernii, Duval, twelve or fourteen specimens taken by Mr. J. B. Syme
on an old wall in the Orkneys ; (4) Bruchus lentis, Boheman, at Birch Wood in May,
and Gravesend in June : (5) B. nigripes, Gyllenhal (wliich in Kraalz's new Catalogue
is said to be B. vicise, Oliv.), at Devil's Dyke, Brighton, in May; (6) B. nubilus,
Bvheman, near Surbiton and at Gravesend, in June (this in the Stettin Ci;taIogue is
said to be B. luteicoinis, but in Kvanlz's new Catalogue it is made a distinct species;
it differs much in tlie form of the thorax, markings, size, &c., and is more like B. semi-
narius); (7) B. canus, Germar, at Gravesend, in June (this in the Stettin Catalogue
is made identical with B. cisti, Fabr., but it differs from ordinary specimens of that
species in the shape of the thorax, length of antennae, more elongate form, and peculiar
gray colour; it is more like B. loti : a specimen in tbe European colleciion of the
British Museum, named by Germar and deposited by Walton, agrees exactly with the
Gravesend specimens). All these four species of Bruchus were found in essentially
wild place?, far removed from granaries or depositories of leguminous seeds, and were
all taken fortuitously by sweeping. And lastly, Phratora cavifrons, Thomson, taken at
Esher in June, also at Cowley and Darentb, on poplars: introduced into the British
list by Dr. Sharp, in Ent. Mo. Mag. v. 100.

Mr. F. Smith exhibited Meloe rugosus of Marsham (z=: autumnalis of Leach,
punctatus of Stephens), a species not captured for the last thirty years, but formerly
taken, according to Stephens, near Margate. About three weeks previously Mr. Smith,
being near Prittlewell, Essex, went to the nest of a species of Anthophora, in which
M. proscaraba:us and other species are usually found, and by accident came ujion a
couple of dozen specimens of M. rugosus among grass in the neighbourhood of the
nest, crawling about at the roots: he hoped to have kept them alive, but on the
second day of their captivity an indiscriminate fight was commenced, in which both
sexes joined; only four escaped mutilation, all the rest losing legs and antennae and
being reduced to fragments : the ai)domen of each of the females was afterwards
opened, and it appeared that with one exception all had deposited their eggs, which
rendered their pugnacity still more remarkable. A subsequent visit to the same
locality yielded five more specimens of the beetle. It was observable that this made
the fourth species of Meloe found in the nest of the same kind of bee.

Mr. Grut exhibited some Coleoptera captured by M.Theophile Deyrolle nearTrebi-
zonde, including four new species of Carabus, C. robustus, C. ponticus, C. Theophili,
and C. Gilnickii.

Mr. JI'Lachlan exhibited the transformations of Mantispa pagana, which had
been discovered by Dr. Brauer, of Vienna. The species was parasitic in the nest of a
spider (Lycosa) : the young larvae were of the ordinary Neiiropterous type, but when
nearly full grown their legs almost disappeared, and the larvae were reduced to almost
footless maggots: the pupa was enclosed in a cocoon, and was of the ordinary
Neuropterous form, like the Hemerobiids, to which doubtless the Maniispidae were
closely allied. Now that the habit of one species had been delected, it might be
anticipated that the whole genus Mantispa would prove to be parasitic on spiders ;
the eggs were probably laid in the egg-bag of the spider, and the larvaj would feed on
the young spiders, or perhaps in their early stage on the eggs.

Mr. Albert MtiUer exhibited a large number of galls on various plants, and called

XXI

particular attention to two kinds of excrescence on the leaf-stalk of the maple {Acer
campesire), described in the following note : —

" Firstly. A Dipterous gall formed by a slender, club-like, reddish swelling of the
petiole, soinelinies in its middle, sometimes at its junction with the leaf; cell one,
occupying the whole length of the gall, and tenanted by the white larva of a Dipleron
as yet unknown to me, but which I am certain is not a Cecidomyia. In September,
1868, and again in the same month this year, I met with this gall on the identical
maple-bush in a hedge-row near Shirley, but until now all my attempts at rearing the
fly have utterly failed.

" Secondly. Also on the petiole of the maple-leaf, a series of spur-like, solid red
excrescences, standing in a row, e.ich about half a line high. These 1 am inclined
to attribute to the same Acarus aceris of Kaltenbach which causes the well-known
pear-shaped red galls on the leaves of this tree. But whether this be so or not, it is at
any rate worth while to point out, that iusect agency can produce, on thornless plants,
excrescences closely resembling, or perhaps identical with, the natural thorns so
commonly met with in other groups of the vegetable kingdom."

Mr. Miiller mentioned that the collection of galls formed by the late Mr. Wilson
Armistead had been placed in the Museum of the Leeds Philosophical Society.

Mr. Cutter (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited, on behalf of Mr. Christopher
Ward, several Diurnal Lepidoptera, including the female of Ornithoptera Brookeana,
various species of Charaxes, Papilio Zalmoxis, and a specimen of Papilio Antimachus,
caj)tured one hundred and tifty or two hundred miles inland from Old Calabar. Of
this gigantic and remarkable butterfly the only example hitherto known was collected
by Smeathman lor Dniry a century ago, was figured by Drury and by Donovan, and
was finally taken with Drury's collection to Australia by William Sharp Macleay.

Mr. Butler corrected an error in his paper (Tr. Ent. Soc. 1869, p. 273), where it is
stated that Ar;iynnis Aglaia and Niobe show every sign of being one and the same
species; for Aglaia read Adippe. And as to the occurrence of the form Niobe in
Britain, see Newman's ' Entomologist,' iv. 351.

Mr. Wormald exhibited a small box of butterflies sent from Shanghai by
Mr. W. B. Pryer. Amongst them were Argynnis Midas, and a beautiful species of
Anthocharis with falcate wings, apparently identical with the Japanese A. Scolymus.

Mr. Dunning exhibited half a dozen moihs bred and sent by Mr. E. Holdsworth,
of Shanghai. One was Heterusia remota (Walker, Cat. Lep. Het. B. M. p. 431), the
larvge of which were found by Mr. Holdsworth in great numbers at Van Vun, about
six miles west of Soochow : the cocoon was described as " of very white colour, and of
a very paper-like nature." The other specimens were the subject of the following
extract : —

" The specimens of a Bombyx have been reared by myself, from larvae found
feeding upon pine and dwarf oak at the hills near Van Vun. The larvae when found
were full grown, and hundreds of them had already spun their cocoons amongst the
needles of the pine trees, and so plentiful were they that every tree had three or four
cocoons on it. The following is a description of the larva as it appeared shortly before
spinning its cocoon. Body. — Ground colour black or dark brown, covered with very
short lightish brown hairs, having a lighter shade towards the sides ; down the back
two lines of small tufts of hair, half black and half white, placed on each segment ; along

XXll

the sides, tufts of fine hair, busLy at the base and of a lighter shade there, almost
white, the hair getting gradually longer towards the bead, where it is fully one-fouilh
of an inch long; round the head a fringe of short light brownish hair; on the second
and ihird segments are two tufts of hair, reaching across tbe back from side to side,
the front half of a deep velvetly red-brown colour, tbe rear half wbite ; on the sides of
tbe first, second and third segments are small brown tubercles. Head. — Large, round,
with flat front. Leg'i. — Red-brown, the pro-legs reddish brown of velvetly appearance,
the two last legs (anal segment) formed like a hippet. The larvse were found in the
first week in May, and spun up immediately after ; the moths came out in the last
week in May."

The fire specimens had been examined by Mr. F. Moore, and after comparison
with the British Museum collection were returned to Mr. Dunning witb the following
names: — (1) a female specimen, Oeona punctata (Walker, Cat. &c., p. 1418), and two
males, probably of tbe same; ("2) a female, Lasiocampa remota (Walker, Cat. &c.,
p. 1439) ; and (.'3) a male, Lebeda hebes? (Walker, Cat. &c., p. 1462). It remains to
be ascertained whether Mr. Holdsworth confounded distinct kinds of larvae, or whether
Mr. Walker in the same volume described one species under three different names
and as belonging to three dififerent genera.

Tbe President exhibited a coloured drawing of a large larva, found by Mr. Henry
Birchall on tbe trunk of an Avocado pear tree in the province of Mariquita, New
Granada, the whole appearance of which closely simulated that of one of the most
poisonous snakes of the counlrv, the anteiior segments being dilated and having
a large pupillate spot on either side representing the eye of the snake. Tbe moth was
not reared, but it was doubtless a Cboerocampa. The President had already recorded
the occurrence of a similar snake-like larva in Trans. Linn, Soc. xxiii. 509.

Mr. Fry mentioned that be too had seen in Brazil larvae resembling snakes of the
country.

Prof. Westwood read the following note by Prof. Sial, of Stockholm, on tbe
entomological collections existing in Sweden, which contain the type specimens of
Swedish authors : —

"At the Museum of Stockholm we have the following type collections of
insects —

(1) The collection of De Geer (types to his ' Memoires').

(2) The types to PaykuU's Mouogr. Hislcridum.

(3) „ PaykuU's Fauna Suecica.

(4) „ PaykuU's Monogr. Staphylinorum.

(5) „ Fallen's Diptera Sueciae.

(6) „ Schonberr's Gen. et Spec. Curculionidnm.

(7) „ Schonberr's Synonymia lusectorum (the species described from
Schdnhevr's collection).

(8) The types of the species which Gyllenhal described in Insecta Suecica from

Schonberr's collection.

(9) Types of Dalman.

(10) „ Fries.

(11) „ the species which Billberg described in Nov. Act. Reg. Soc. Sci.
Upsal. vii. 272.

XXlll

(12) Types of Billbevg to the species described in Monogr. Mylabridiim from

Schonherr's collection,

(13) Types of a Dumber of species described in Sahlberg's Nov. Ins. Species from

Schonherr's collection.

(14) Types of Boheman.

(15) „ Slal.

(16) „ Holmgren's IclmeiimonidoB.

(17) „ Thomson's Proctotrupidaj.

(18) „ Wallengreu's Lepidoptera.

" Of these the types of De Geer, Paykull, Fallen, Schonherr, Billherg, and
Sahlberg, and the types of Dalinan which were described from Schonherr's collection,
are separated from the chief collections of the Museum.

" In Stoclchohn are also the types of the species described in the 'Voyage of the
Eugenie,' and in the various papers on South African insects collected by Wahlbero-.

" In Upsala are the following collections —

(1) The types to Linne's Museum Ludovicse Ulriciae.

(2) The collection of Thunberg.

(3) The collections of Gyllenhal (containing the types to his Insecta Suecica, and

various types to Schonherr's Synonymia Inseclorum).

" In Lund there are

(1) The collections of Zetterstedl.

(2) „ of Dahlbom.

(3) „ of Thomson.

(4) „ ofLjuugh.

" Thomson's collection is private : the others belong to the University.
"These are, I think, all the collections in Sweden containing types of Swedish
authors."

Prof. Westwood added that at Copenhagen the collections of Westermann are
preserved intact in a special room of the Museum.

Paper read.

Mr. W. F. Kirby communicated a paper " On the Diurnal Lepidoptera described

in Gmelin's edition of the Syslema Naturee."

New Parts of ' Transactions .'

Part 4 of the 'Transactions for 1869' (published in July), and Trans. Ent. Soc.
3rd ser. vol. 3, part 7 (the conclusion of the volume on Malayan Longicorns, published
in October), were on the table.

XXIV

November 15, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the cbair.

Additions to the Library.

The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the douors : —
"Catalogue of Scientific Papers," Vol. iii. ; presented by the Royal Society. Nine
Tracts, by Dr. Leconte; presented by the Author.

By purchase : — Genimiuger and Harold, ' Catalogus Coleopterorum,' Vol. 5.

Election of Members,
The following gentlemen were severally ballotted for, and elected : — As Members,
Messrs. D. J. French, of Chatham ; and C. G. Websdale, of Barnstaple : as Annual
Subscribers, Messrs. S. J. Barnes, of Birmingham; N. E. Brown, of Reigate;
E. M. Janson, of Chonlales, Nicaragua ; O. E. Janson, of Highgale ; W. H. Pearson,
of Birmingham ; and W. Douglas Robinson, of Dalbeattie.

Exhibitions, ^-c.
Mr. F. Smith, on behalf of Mr. Edwin Brown, exhibited a locust, several specimens
of which had been quite recently captured at Burton-on-Trent : it appeared to be
identical wilh a species of which the British Museum possesses five examples from
North Bengal. The specimen exhibited was found in the yard of a brewery; and
Mr. M'Lachlan suggested that il had probably been introduced in an empty returned
ale-cask.

With reference to a recent article in the 'Annals and Magazine of Natural History,'
in which Mr. Andrew Murray contends that Rhipiphorus is not a parasite, but only an
inquiliue in the nests of wasps, Mr. F. Smith desired to recall attention to the observa-
tions of the late Mr. S. Stone, recorded in Proc. Ent. Soc. 1864, pp. 62 — 6Q. On
p. 64, Mr. Stone stated that on opening the closed cells of a nest of the common wasp,
he had found a larva of Rhipiphorus firmly attached to the full-grown larva of the
wasp, the mouth of the former buried in the body of the latter just below the bead ;
and that in forty. eight hours it consumed every particle of the wasp-larva with the
exception of the skin and mandibles. In another nest, which was destroyed by means
of gas-tar, Mr. Stone also discovered a small larva of Rhipiphorus firmly attached to its
victim, so firmly that when immersed in spirits they remained attached just as they
were before death. This identical pair, preserved in spirits, and still in situ, was
exhibited by Mr. F. Smith, together with numerous other larvae and pupae of Rhipi-
phorus which were placed in his hands by Mr. Stone. One of Mr. Murray's objections
to the carnivorous projiensity of Rhipiphorus was the fact that he had found the pupa
of Rhipiphorus and the pupa of the wasp in the same cell : it appeared, however, that
both were of stunted growth, and it was a matter of common experience that larvae occa-
sionally spin up before they are full fed, even when food is obtainable, which might
have been the case with this Rhipiphorus larva: the attacks of parasites are not
always fatal, but many Hymenoptera appear as well as their parasites, e.g. Slylops
and the bee. Having regard to the known carefulness and accuracy of observation of
Mr. Stone, Mr. F. Smith, notwithstanding certain difficulties raised by Mr. Murray
which he was not at present prepared to explain, did not hesitate to re-affirm his belief

XXV

tbiil Rhipiphonis is a larvivorovis parasite, and not a mere guest wliicli enteis ibe nest
of the wasp ami shaves (he fomi of the le^'itimate occupants.

Mr. Piiscoe exhibited some Australian Hctemmera, including new species of
Helaeus, Byrsax, Seirotrana, &c., and two new genera. One species of Saragus
(nndescribed, and for which the n;iine S. floccosus was proposed), was remarlsable from
being covered with a peculiar fungoid growth, which was said by the captor to occur
on the living insect, and also (or a similar growth) ou the trees which the beetle
frequented. This growth had been examined by Mr. Carrey, and was pronounced to
be truly fungous, in fact an Tsaria, the early stage of a Sphaeria. Several speci-
mens of the Saragus had been seen, all with the Isaria in the same stage of
development.

Mr. Wallace enquired whether the supposed fungus had been microscopically
examined, as it seemed highly improbable that a living animal should habitually have a
living vegetable growing on it. More probably, if it really existed during the life of the
beetle, it was a natural animal growth: an allied species has a hairy covering, and it
was but one step further for a hairy covering to assume a fungoid appearance, a
protective resemblance to the fungi or lichens growing ou the trees upon which the
beetle was found,

Mr. Albert Miiller made some observations on the scent, when handled, of Cynips
lignicola and another species which forms a gall on the under-side of oak-leaves : this
scent was probably protective, ami gave the insect an immunity from the attacks of
birds, &c., and the rapid Sjiread of Cynips lignicola over the country might be due to
its rejection on acctaiut of its peculiar odi)ur.

Mr. J. Jenner Weir added that the musk beetle was free from attack by birds, and
this was doubtless due to its scent..

Mr. Salvin exhibited six species of Clothilda, in illustration of the paper mentioned
below.

Mr. Briggs (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited a specimen of Deiopeia
pulchella, captured near Folkestone en the 1st of October: its habit was to fly only a
few yards at a time, and its appearance on the wing was described as resembling one
of ihe Geometrae.

Mr. Davis (who was present as a Visitor) exhibited a large number of preserved
larvae of Lepidoptera; amongst them a series of Cossus lignipenla, of all ages, in
willow-stems, preserved in situ ; and a larva of Sphinx populi to which were
attached a number of pupae of some parasite. There were also a few dried larvae of
saw-flies.

Mr. Dunning referred to the swarms of insects of various kinds which had been
reported during the autumn : he had himself encountered hosts of Coccinellae
(piiucipally C. 7-punctata, but intermixed with a considerable number of C. bipunctata)
both in Essex and in Yorkshire; and at Walt(m-on-the-Naze, on the 24ih of August,
he fell in with a countless swarm of Syrphi, which appeared to have all hatched
simultaneously and to have at once commenced buzzing about in the hot sunshine in
a foolish kind of way, without caring to take food, for most of ihem seemed to be mere
shells without any substance inside. Noticing that Mr. Home had recorded (New-
man's Entomologist, iv. 356) the occurrence of a swarm at Margate on the same day,
which was said to have included specimens of Syrphus balteatus, S. decorus,
S. taenialus, S. lopiarius and Erislalis tenax?, Mr. Dunning placed in the hands of

XXVI

Mr. Venall, for examination, a few remnanls of the Walton swarm, and had been
favoured with the following note: —

" Having looked closely through the Diptera you sent me, I find that out of fifty-
six or fifty-seven specimens which I can recognize from the fragments, there are
twenty-seven Syrphus ribesii, sixteen S. coroUae, eiglit S. pyrastri, two S. luniger,
one S. balteatus, one or two S. vitripennis ?, and one S. pyrastri, var. unicolor. This
last variety is generally rare, but has this year appeared in tolerable abundance. The
specimens of S. vitripennis are in such condition that I cannot speak for certain about
them : they may be small examples of S. ribesii."

Mr. Dunning remarked that only one name, S. balteatus, was common to the lists
of Mr. Home and Mr. Verrall, so that, if all were correctly named, no less than ten or
twelve species of Syrphus occurred in the swarm on the S.E. coast on the 24lh of
August.

]\Ir. Verrall added that S. balteatus was rare in swarms; S. decorus be believed to
be a discoloured variety of S. auricollis; S. topiarius, if British, was extremely rare, and
did not occur in the Collections of the British Museum or the Entomological Club ;
and if Eristalis tenax occurred in a swarm of Syrphidse, it could only have got there
accidentally, as it might appear anywhere else from its universal distribution. He had
once come upon the tail end of a swarm of Syrphidae, and the stragglers seemed to be
nearly all S. auricollis and its var. macnlicornis.

With reference to the swarms of Coccinellte, the President and Mr. M'Lachlau
remarked that in this case there was no necessity to have recourse to the hypothesis of
immigration, as they had both noticed, previously to the appearance of the beetles, an
unusual quantity of the larvae of Coccinellse in the southern counties of England : the
simultaneous hatching of a large number in one locality caused a scarcity of food
there, and compelled many of them to move elsewhere; arriving at the sea-coast the
majority were stopped, whilst some, attempting to go further, fell into the sea and were
washed back with the tide. The littoral phaenomena of the swarms were thus
sufScienlly accounted for. Mr. M'Lachlan added that the larvce of Coccinella would
eat the pupee of their own species (see Ent. Mo. Mag. iii. 97); and Mr. Janson
mentioned that, during the present season, he had had an apple-tree completely
covered with black Aphides (commonly called American blight), the whole of which
were cleared ofi" in three or four days by Coccinella 7-punctata.

With reference to various letters which apjjcared during the autumn in the daily
papers, Mr. J. Jenner Weir said that the "fireflies" reported at Caterham were the
males of the common glow-worm ; and Mr. F. Smith mentioned that he had a
number of so-called " glow-worms '' sent to him from Margate, which proved to be
larvae of Telephorus.

Mr. Pascoe remarked that, though insect-swarms were not common on or very near
to the surface of the earth, there must be a great abundance of insect-life in the upper
atmosphere; the destruction of insects at a considerable elevation by swifts must of
itself be enormous.

With reference to the height to which insects may attain, Mr. Albert Muller
recalled the fact, recorded by Mr. F. Walker (Entom. Weekly Intell. vii. 76), of the
discovery of a Chlorops liueata enclosed in a hailstone which fell during a storm on
the 18th of July, 1859.

Papers read.

The following papers were read: —

" New Genera and Species of Coleoplera from Chontales, Nicaragua," by ibe
President.

" Descriptions of New Genera and Species of Hispidce ; with Notes ou some
previously described Species," by Mr. J. S. Baly.

"A Synopsis of the Genus Clothilda," by Mr. Osbert Salvin.

December 1, 1869.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the chair.

Donations to the Library.
The following donations were announced, and thanks voted to the donors: —
'Eugenie's Resa ' (Hymenoptera by A. E. Holmgren, Diplera by C. G. Thomson);
and ' Hemiptera Africana,' by C. Stal, vols, i, — iv.; presented by the Royal Swedish
Academy of Sciences. ' Entomologische Zeitung,' 1869, Parts 7—12, and 1870,
Parts 1—3; by the Entomological Society of Stettin, 'The Zoologist' for December;
by the Editor, 'The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine' for December; by the
Editors.

Election of Members.

The following gentlemen were severally ballotted for, and elected Members:—
M.M. Gustave d'Emerich, of Pesth ; I'Abbe de Marseul, of Paris; Charles Oberthur,
fils, of Rennes (Foreign Members) ; and Captain Lang, R.E., of Reigale ; and Messrs.
W. Arnold Lewis, of The Temple; J, Cosmo Melvill, of Manchester; and Howard
Vaughan, of Kentish Town.

Exhibitions, ^c.

Prof. Westwood exhibited drawings and dissections of some Hymenoptera pos-
sessing extraordinary structural peculiarities: they were principally Chalcididas, of the
genera Prionopelma and Metapelma (see Proc. Zool. Soc, 1835).

Mr. F, Smith exhibited a mass of earth-cells formed by a species of Halictus,
found by Mr. J, K. Lord near Cairo. The bee burrowed into the ground to a depth
of about twelve inches, and the cells were then formed, close together, and all round
the shaft or tunnel, the entrance to each cell being from the central shaft. Mr, Lord
described the bee as making a tubular entrance to the nest, probably of the material
which was thrown out in the excavation of the vertical shaft, but the construction was
too brittle or fragile for transport. Mr. Smith remarked that this tubular entrance was
after ihe manner of Odynerus spinipes, but it was the first time he had heard of any
species of bee forming such a construction.

The President said that some species of Melipona, which form their nests in the
hollows of trees, construct a trumpet-shaped entrance of waxy material, or of some
substance held together by a waxy cement.

XXVlll

Mr. F. Smith exhibited a larva-case, which he supposed to belong to a species of
CEceticus, found by Mr. J. K. Lord in the plains near Mount Sinai : numbers of the
larvae were seen crawling on the sand, no tree or bush being near, and the only
plant growing in the neighbourhood being a species of wild sage. The larva-case ]
appeared to be formed principally of pieces of grass, arranged longitudinally. i

Mr. J. Jenner Weir exhibited two specimens of Ileliothis armiger, bred from l
larvae which fed in tomatoes. An importation of tomatoes from Spain or Portugal
had been greatly damaged by a number of green larvaB, with black lines and spots,
which fed in the fruit, where there was apparently juice enough to drown them, and
which ultimately produced the moths exhibited.

Prof Weslwood exhibited drawings and dissections of several remarkable new
forms of PselaphidtE.

Mr. Albert Miiller exhibited a photograph of a Coleopterous monstrosity, a speci- j
men of Pleroslichus Prevostii with eight legs : on either side of the left hind leg '
(i. e. before and behind the normal hind leg) was a supernumerary limb of somewhat ,
stunted growth, but structurally perfect : there were apparently three distinct coxae
fitting into three separate sockets iu a single expanded trochanter. The beetle was
found in Switzerland, and Mr. Miiller had seen it alive: the extra legs were simply
carried, and not used to assist in locomotion.

With reference to the locust exhibited at the previous Meeting (an/e, p. xxiv.), the
President had received the following from Mr. Edwin Brown: —

"I am informed that when my specimen of a new locust was exhibited at the last
Meeting of the Society, it was suggested that the occurrence might have been
brought about by the introduction of the insect into the brewery in an empty returned
cask. I think such a suggestion is untenable, inasmuch as two specimens of the same
species were captured iu diiferent parts of the town of Burton-on-Trent, and one
caught in Birmingham certainly belongs to the same species. There were several
other instances recorded in the papers about the same time of locusts having been
captured in Worcestershire, in Nottinghamshire, and at Waterford. It has not yet
been proved that these examples were all of the new species, but it is highly probable
that this was so, as the peculiar positions in which the locusts have been captured this
year all indicate, if I may so term it, an unsophisticated disposition of the animal,
widely different from that of Locusta migratoria, which has nearly always been found
in fields or gardens, whilst the species of this year has been captured in two brewery
yards, iu the room of a house, upon a man's coat, and (it is said) upon a lady's bonnet,
but looking at the difficulty an animal so large would find in getting standing room
upon a modern bonnet, there may possibly be some mistake as to the last-mentioned
locality. Mr. F. Walker has identified the species as Acridium peregiinum of
Olivier, which is dispersed over a large part of Asia and Northern Africa, but has not
hitherto been found in Europe."

(See also, on the recent occurrence of locusts in this country, Newman's Entom. ,
iv. 367.) I

Paper read. I

The following paper was read :— " Note on Boreus hyemalis and B. Westwoodii,"
by Mr. M'Lachlan.

XXIX

January 3, 1870.
H. W. Bates, Esq., President, in the cbair.

Additions to the Library.

Tlie following donations were announced, and thanlis voted to the donors : —
' Proceedings of the Royal Society,' No. 1 15 ; presented by the Society. ' Proceedings
of the Liunean Society,' 1869; by the Society. ' Bulletin de la Soc. Imp. des Natu-
ralistesdeMoscou,' 1868,No.4; by the Society. ' Millheilungen der Schweizerischen
Entomologischen Gesellschaft,' vol. iii. No. 3; by the Society. 'The Tineina of
Southern Europe,' and 'The Entomologist's Annual for 1870;' by H. T. Staiuton, Esq.
' Equatorial Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Buckley,' Parts 1—3; by W. C. Hewitson,
Esq. ' Lepidoptera Exotica,' Part 3; by E. W. Janson, Esq. 'Observations on the
Parasitism of Rhipiphorus paradoxus;' by Frederick Smith, Esq. 'Reflexions et
Experiences sur le vol des Coleopteres;' by M. Felix Plateau. ' Petites Nouvelles
Entomologiques,' Nos. 1 — 12; by the Editor. 'The Zoologist,' for January ; by the
Editor. ' The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' for January; by the Editors.

The following additions by purchase were also announced: — Palisot de Beauvois,
' Insecles recueillis en Afrique et en Amerique;' Ehrenberg & Klug, ' Symbolae
Physica?;' Brulle et Blanchard, 'Voyage de d'Orbiguy;' Motschulsky, 'Etudes
Entomologiques;' and Lowne, 'The Anatomy and Physiology of the Blow-fly.'

Exhibitions, S)-c.

Mr. Hewitson sent for exhibition a collection of butterflies, including 135 new
and many rare species, all iu beautiful condition, collected by Mr. Buckley in Equa-
torial America. With two exceptions, Heliconia Cythera and Terias Ecuadora,
which were taken on the west side of the Andes, the new species were all captured
between St. Ines and St. Rosa on the River Napo, within two degrees of longitude,
and descriptions thereof were in course of publication under the title of ' Equatorial
Lepidoptera collected by Mr. Buckley.'

Mr. Buckley (who was present as a Visitor) gave some interesting details of his
stay in Ecuador. In reply to enquiries, he stated that the localities for each species
were carefully noted at the end of each day's collecting ; that generally speaking there
seemed to be a species of Heliconia peculiar to each valley ; that a few species occurred
on both sides of the Andes, and in particular a Heliconia and a Morpho were men-
tioned ; and that there was great difi'erence in the altitudes at which the exhibited
insects were collected, some of them, and in particular a Pronophila, having been
taken above the snow-level.

Prof. VVestwood, as an instance of partial gynandromovphism, in which the union
of the opposite sexual characters was confined to a single limb, exhibited drawings of
a specimen of Anlhocharis Cardamines, the wings of which, for the most part male,
partook to some extent of the colour and character of the female, as if pieces of the
wing of the male had been cut out and replaced by pieces of the wing of the
female.

Mr. Bond mentioned that a considerable number of the locust, Acridium perc-
grinura, had been taken in Cornwall in October: some were captured at Falmouth,

XXX

and about thirty in or near Plymouth, of which two were exhibited: most of them
were found iu the streets and yards of the town.

Prof. Westwood, on behalf of the Rev. Leonard Jeuyns, exhibited a species of
Apbodius (probably A. lividus), which was said to be frequently vomited by South-
African Hottentots, who are notorious as unclean feeders; and a species of Elateridae
which was found in April, 1869, floating in a cup of lea at Bath, and was recognized
by Mr. Janson as an eastern species of the genus Heteroderes.

Prof. Westwood also exhibited drawings of some new Australian Lucanidae, of the
genus Lissotes.

Mr. Pascoe exhibited a number of Curculionidae, of the genus Catasarcus, in
illustration of the paper mentioned below.

Mr. Albert Miiller exhibited photographs of aberrations of Abax parallelus and
Clerus formicarius ; the former remarkable for its zigzag striatiou, the latter for the
union of the two white bands of the elytra.

Mr. Quaritch (who was present as a Visitor) made a communication respecting the
book-worm.

Papers read.

The following papers were read: —

" On some new British Species of Ephemeriduj ;" by the Rev. A. E. Eaton.
" Descriptions of six new species of Callidryas;" by Mr. A. G. Butler.
" A Revision of the Genus Catasarcus ;" by Mr. F. P. Pascoe.
" The Genera of Coleoptera studied chronologically (1735 — 1801) ;" by Mr. G. R.
Crotch.

New Part of ' Transactions.^
Part 5 of the ' Transactions for 1869,' published in December, was on the table.

ANNUAL MEETING.

January 24, 1870.

Frederick Smith, Esq., Vice-President, in the chair.

An Abstract of the Treasurer's Accounts for 1869 was read by Mr. J. Jenuer Weir,
one of the Auditors, and showed a balance in favour of the Society of £ 125 Qs. 3d.

The Secretary read the following : —

Report of the Council for 1869.

In accordance with the Bye-Laws, the Council presents to the Society the following
Report.

XXXI

Dming tbe year tweuty-one Members or Subscribers have been elected, but
seventeen names have been removed from the list ; the numerical gain is therefore
reduced to four.

The volume of 'Transactions for 18G9' includes twenty-seven memoirs by seven-
teen authors, extends to four hundred pages exclusive of the ' Proceedings,' and is
illustrated by six plates, of which two are coloured. To Messrs. E. Saunders,
Higgins, Butler, F. Smith and M'Lachlan, the Society is indebted for the drawings
in illustration of their respective memoirs. Every paper read, down to and inclusive
of the December Meeting, was actually published before the end of the year.
Especial attention is called to Dr. Sharp's Revision of the British Homalots, as
affording tangible proof of the desire of the Council that native Entomology shall
receive its due share of attention. There is yet a dearth in the ' Transactions' of
papers relating to British or European insects. Many of the most active students of
the productions of our own islands do not favour the Society with the results of their
labours, and thus Exotic Entomology obtains the lion's share of our pages ; and this
leads to a supposition that our entomologists do not sufficiently identify themselves
wilh their continental brethren. We are either exclusively British, or our range
includes the whole world ; and thus, between the insularity of some and the
universality of others, European insects (in the broad sense) occupy but an insig-
nificant portion of our publications. From this cause, perhaps, results the small
number of our Foreign Members; and, as a consequence of that smallness, some
who do give European insects a prominent place in their studies prefer to publish
through the medium of Continental Societies, believing that they thereby obtain
a wider circle of appreciative readers than if their lucubrations appeared in our
' Transactions.'

In addition to the 'Transactions for 1869,' the volume of the 'Third Series'
which was exclusively devoted to the Malayan Longicorns has at length been
finished. It was only by spreading the cost over a series of years that a Society with
our limited resources could undertake a work of such magnitude, with its two dozen
coloured plates ; the choice lay between a separate volume issued by instalments, and
the dispersion of the descriptions over three, if not four, of our ordinary tomes. To
those who wish to study the group and utilize the work, it is hoped that the
permanent advantage of having the whole subject complete in one volume and in
unbroken sequence will more than compensate for tbe temporary inconvenience of
unbound fragments. The Lamiidse were commenced in 1864 and finished in 1868;
the two Parts issued in 1869 include the whole of the Cerambycidae and Prionidge,
216 pages and five coloured Plates. Down to the present time the cost to the Society
of this volume has been, in round figures, £350, and a further sum of £75 will be
required for the colouring of the stock of plates — thus making a total of £425. Even
this does not represent the whole cost of the work; for the entire expense of the
drawing and engraving of the twenty-four Plates by Mr. Robinson has been defrayed
by Mr. W. Wilson Saunders. The Society has on many occasions had to acknowledge
the liberality of Mr. Saunders, whose interest in our welfare knows no diminution ;
and the Council feels confident that, in suggesting a special vole of thanks for this act
of munificence, unique alike in its nature and extent, the Executive is only anticipating
the unanimous wish of the Society.

XXXll

The usual tabular slatemcut of receipts and payments sliows the fullowiug
result : —

Receipts.

Contributions of Members ,

. 237

Sale of Publications

. 76

Interest on Consols

Donations ....

. 64

£381

Payments.

Invested in Consols

Library

Publications

Rent and Office Expenses

Tea at Meetings .

. 35

. 28

, 239

£377

During the year four gentlemen have quali6ed as Life Members by paying the
composition in lieu of annual contributions. Hitherto compositions have been
regarded as wiudfolls, and spent as soon as received. The four received in 1869 have
been expended, partly in the purchase of books, which is equivalent to capitalization,
and partly in the purchase of Consols. This is a small beginning; but the smallest
beginnings are the most difficult to make: after thirty-five years existence the
Society has for the first lime laid by just as many pounds out of its ordinary receipts ;
and the Council regards this microscopic investment as the nucleus of a fund which
some day will yield an income sufficient to keep the Library regularly supplied with
the current periodical literature of Entomology of this and other countries, which has
now become one of our principal deficiencies.

The year 1869 was begun with a cash balance of £5 \2s. Od. and £109 14s. 9d.
Consols. The year 1870 is begun with a cash balance of £9 8s. 3d. and £148 Os, 5d.
Consols. The Council cannot, however, disguise the fact that, of the sum of £64
entered for donations, £50 is due to the renewed liberality of Mr. Dunning, but for
which there would have been a deficit of nearly £40.

Now that the Third Series of Transactions has been completed, it becomes
necessary to make ready for sale the stock of the five volumes which compose the
Series ; and, in fact, a considerable portion of the work has been already done, and
large outlay made, principally for colouring plates. But, as the undertaking remains
unfinished, no part of the expense incurred on this head has been brought into the
accounts for 1869. It is left as a problem for the next Council to devise a scheme,
by which, without interfering with the ordinary action of the Society, to raise a sum of
£170 or thereabouts.

It has been decided to renew the offer, suspended for the last two years, of
Prizes for Essays on Economical or Structural Entomology. Further particulars will
be announced, probably at the next Meeting.

In spite, then, of the comparative depression which has generally prevailed
throughout the year 1869, the prosperity of the Society has been maintained. Our
numbers have increased, we have added largely to our Library, the interest of our
Meetings has been well sustained, our publications have been issued with regularity
and dispatch, and our balance is larger than at the last Anniversary. Each of these
is a fair criterion of success; the combination of them all warrants the Council in
believing that for the future the future will provide.

January 24, 1870.

XXXlll

Mr. Pascoe proposed, and Mr. Wallace seconded, a special vote of thanks to
Mr. W. Wilson Saunders for the munificent gift mentioned in the Report; and this
was carried by acclamalion.

The following gentlemen were elected Members of the Council for 1870: —
Messrs. H. W. Bates, Dallas, Dunning, Fry, Grut, M'Lacblan, Parry, Pascoe,
Salvin, Edward Saunders, S. Stevens, A. R. Wallace and Wormald.

The following ofiiters for 1870 were afterwards elected: — President, Mr. Alfred
R. Wallace ; Treasurer, Mr. S, Stevens ; Secretaries, Messrs. Dunning and M'Lachlan ;
Librarian, Mr. E. W. Janson.

The following Address (in the unavoidable absence of Mr. Bates) was read by
the Secretary: —

THE PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS.

Gentlemen,

The termination of another year of existence of our Society
brings with it the recurrence of the annual duty Avhich devolves on
your President, of laying before you a summary of the Society's
labours, and of the general progress of Entomology, during the past
twelve months.

As far as we have at present learnt, the Society has lost only
two Members by death during the year. These are M. le Chevalier
Francfort, who had only recently been elected, and Mr. J. H. Hart-
wright, who had belonged to us since 1865. Neither of these
gentlemen, I believe, had published anything on the subject of our
favourite Science, and they were known as Entomologists only to a
few friends occupied in collecting and studying the same groups.

The Report of the Council has afforded you full information
regarding our numbers, income, expenditure, and so forth ; and
I think we have reason to be gratified at the evidence these neces-
sary statistics afford of the stead}"- progress and stability of the
Society. It is obvious, however, when we glance at the names of
contributors to popular Entomological magazines, or learn the
number of their subscribers, that the majority of British Ento-
mologists still remain out of our ranks. We have enrolled a
considerable number of them during the past year, and I think
many more would be induced to join us were they fully aware of
the advantages which Membership offers, amongst which may be

XXXIV

reckoned, to country members at least, the receipt of a copy of our
publications in return for their subscriptions.

The alteration in the mode of publication of our Transactions,
which I announced last year, seems to give general satisfaction.
The volume for 1868 was completed and ready for binding in the
month of February last. Already five parts of the volume for 1869
have been issued, and the completion of the volume only awaits the
printing of the Report of this evening's Proceedings. Now that the
last outstanding volume of the Third Series, under the old system,
has been completed, we have a clear course before us, and may look
forward to the issue of yearly volumes in four or more parts, unless
unforeseen delays occur, with great regularity. So far, indeed, our
Society has a decided pre-eminence, in point of punctuality in the
appearance of the annual volume, over all similar Societies at home
and abroad.

Our publications, as in most other scientific Societies, constitute
that branch of our activity by which almost alone our usefulness is
judged by the outside world of naturalists ; and the long array of
volumes of our Transactions on the shelves of great libraries, sought
after, studied and quoted, will remain the onl}'^ witnesses of our
labours to future generations. These considerations justify the
pride we may feel in our published work from year to year. I am
inclined to estimate highly the later volumes of our Transactions, as
compared with other serials of the same class, and I sincerely trust
that we may long continue to number among us so many writers able
and willing to contribute valuable papers, as well as artists to
illustrate them, and a Secretary of so much industry and good
judgment as Mr. Dunning to edit them.

The volume for the past year comprises twenty-seven memoirs,
of which twenty-five belong to the department of systematic or
descriptive Entomology, and two only — ^telcome contributions from
Mr. Jenner Weir and Mr. Butler, on the selection of insects as food
by insectivorous animals — to other branches of the Science. To
those who might object that too large a share of our work is
occupied by mere descriptions, I would remark that many original
and valuable observations on relationships, geographical distribution,
and other deeply interesting philosophical questions, are contained in
some of our descriptive papers. In fact, it is not at all a necessary
consequence that a descriptive treatise should be nothing more than
a string of dry definitions. It will become, I hope, more and more

the practice of Entomologists to give, together with their descrip-
tions, the new data on relationships, distribution, comparison of
faunas, &:c., which the handling of such subjects most usually brings
forth.

The third volume of the Third Series of our Transactions, which
I have already remarked has been completed during the year by the
publication of two parts, now forms a handsome faunistic work,
devoted entirely, as 5'ou are aware, to the description, by Mr. Pascoe,
of the Longicorn Coleoptera of the Malay Archipelago collected
by Mr. Wallace. We may congratulate ourselves on the termi-
nation of this volume, published out of the usual order of our
series, and on the addition that a work of so much scientific
value and careful execution in every wa}'^ makes to our Trans-
actions. It consists of 712 pages, illustrated by twenty-four plates,
executed with his usual ability by Mr. Robinson, and the volume
is rendered further more complete by remarks on the localities
by Mr. Wallace himself, and a summary of the subfamilies, genera
and species, tables of distribution, and an excellent index by
Mr. Dunning.

Several contributions of considerable importance have been made
to the Science in this country outside our own body. Important
papers have appeared, as usual, in the pages of the ' Annals and
Magazine of Natural History,' chiefly from the pens of Messrs.
Butler, SaMn, Andrew Murray and WoUaston. A memoir by the
last-named gentleman on the Coleoptera of St. Helena, founded on a
collection made by Mr. Melliss, who has been long resident in the
island, is interesting as a further addition to our knowledge of the
productions of oceanic islands in the Atlantic, so much of which
we owe to this learned Entomologist. The Madeiran, Canaries and
Cape Verde groups had already been almost exhaustively investi-
gated by Mr. WoUaston himself, Mr. Crotch had worked out the
entomological results of the exploration of the Azores by Mr. God-
man, and to Mr. WoUaston has appropriately been confided the
examination of by far the largest collection of insects which has yet
been made in the solitary island of St. Helena. As you are aware,
the great interest which attaches to the fauna and flora of oceanic
islands arises from the problems involved in the modes in which
they obtained their species of animals and plants, and which are
rendered more complicated by the existence on some of them of

XXXYl

anomalous forms, representative, it is considered, of types ages ago
extinct on continents. Such islands, however, differ greatly from
each other as to degree of peculiarity in their productions, and it
often happens that species identical, or nearly so, with those found
in the nearest continent, form nearly the whole of their present
inhabitants. Thus the investigation of the origin of their faunas
and floras is necessarily exceedingly complex. Geology has to be
invoked to ascertain whether the islands are of recent or ancient
elevation above the sea-surface, and whether the supposition is ad-
missible of a recent connection with the nearest continental land.
Oceanic hydrography and deep-sea soundings have to be studied
in reference to the depth of the surrounding seas, the force and
direction of currents and winds ; for these must all be taken into
consideration in discussions on the probable derivation of the
curious mixture of forms which is often found on these isolated
spots. On the other hand, it must be noted that the fauna and
flora themselves throw light on the geographical and geological
relations of the islands to the nearest land. In fact, the classifi-
cation of islands into oceanic and continental is founded quite as
much on resemblance or difference in organic productions, between
islands and the mainland, as on relative proximity. Thus Great
Britain is classed as a continental island, quite as much because its
fauna and flora are nearly identical with those of continental Europe
as because it is separated only by a shallow sea, and is now known
to have been actually connected in recent geological times. In
these investigations Entomology is now generally admitted to have
great importance, owing to the large number and variety of species
which it offers, as elements in the elaborate comparisons which have
to be instituted. At present authors hold the widest differences of
opinion regarding the subject of oceanic islands; whilst Mr. Wol-
laston and Mr. Andrew Murray, following the example of Edward
Forbes, maintain that the islands must, at a period geologically
recent, have been connected b}^ land with the continents from
which they appear to have derived the greater portion of their
species. Sir Charles Lyell maintains that geological facts and
considerations quite forbid this conclusion. It is probable that
the learned Entomologists just named much underrate the amount
of migration and dissemination, by winds and currents and other
means, which is slowly going on, and which is sufficient, in the
course of the countless centuries during which the geogi'aphical

XXXVll

configuration of lands lias remained pretty nearly the same, to
have stocked distant islands with their existing species. In
these discussions it is essential to bear in mind an important
generalization of Mr. Darwin, namely, that the chance of the
permanent establishment of immigrants as species in a locality is
in inverse proportion to the degree in which the locality is already
well-peopled with similar forms. On this view, a land newly emerged
from the sea, or with a stock of species diminished by extinction,
would in course of time be appropriated by the waifs and straj^s
which are brought to its shores. These considerations have been
well kept in view by Mr. Godman in an admirable paper on the
birds collected by him in the Azores, where the fauna, to a much
larger extent than in the other Atlantic islands, is made up of
species identical with those of other lands, chiefly Western Europe,
from which direction blow the prevailing winds. In islands like the
Madeiran and Canaries groups, where there is a large proportion of
endemic and peculiar forms, a great geological antiquity of the land
must be inferred. There may have been, it is true, a former con-
nection of the islands with a larger tract of land, when these
peculiar forms spread over the area now consisting of islands ; but
this must have been at a comparatively remote period in geological
time, and not at that recent date when the fabulous continent of
Atlantis included them all in its expanse, as believed by Forbes and
Wollaston. It is difficult to judge whether the insect fauna of
St. Helena will offer such reliable data for discussions of this
character as those of the more northerly Atlantic islands. As far
as it is at present known, it comprises many forms not found else-
where, amongst which is the large and remarkable Carabideous
beetle Haplothorax Burchellii, and several genera of small Cur-
culionidffi. It is not impossible that some of the smaller species
may yet be found in the more arid parts of South- Western Africa,
where the minute Coleoptera have not yet been well collected, but
so conspicuous a creature as the Haplothorax cannot be assumed to
have been overlooked, and this genus alone would be almost suffi-
cient to warrant the conclusion that St. Helena has an endemic
fauna, as peculiar as the flora it possessed before its native vegeta-
tion was destroyed. Mr. Melliss, I am glad to say, intends to
continue his entomological investigation of the island, as yet barely
commenced by him, and we may hope to hear yet of many curious
discoveries.

xxxvm

The ' Entomologist's Monthly Magazme,' as usual, contains
numerous short jjapers and notices of permanent scientific interest.
The Bev. Mr. Hellins, Mr. Buckler, and Mr. Barrett continue their
most accurate observations of the early stages of our native
Lepidoptera, and Dr. T. Algernon Chapman has supplied further
notes of the economy of various species of Coleoptera, particularly
the Scolyti and other wood-borers, and of Diptera. Bemarkably
curious is the discovery which this original observer records of the
parasitic habits of a species of Aphodius (A. porcus), which feeds on
the dung-balls made by Geotrupes stercorarius, in its burrows. We
are all glad to notice in a recent number of the Magazine that the
Bev. Mr. Marshall has re-commenced his papers on the British
Cynipidise, undiscouraged by the crushing misfortune of the loss of
liis collections and library by shipwreck. Mr. Albert Miiller, too,
has chosen the same periodical as the vehicle of communicating
some of his notes on gall-insects, a stud}' to which he is devoting
himself with much energy and intelligence. Our friends Messrs.
Bye and Sharp continue their elucidations of minute points in the
discrimination and synonymy of our inexhaustible native Coleoptera,
and Mr. M'Lachlan publishes his valuable j^apers on the Heme-
robiidfe and other Neuroptera. But it is especially gratifying to
notice, in a recent number of the periodical, what appears to be the
commencement of a set of papers on the much-neglected Diptera
of our island, by Mr. Verrall. He has begun with a list of the
Syrphidse, giving the correct nomenclature according to the best
continental authorities and his own researches. There is now no
Order of British insects that is not studied b}' Entomologists of
abilit}', and some, such as the Hemij)tera, which were formerly the
most despised, number many votaries. The time is probably not
far distant when, by the co-operation of several of our best
authorities, we may hope to see that great desideratum, a complete
Catalogue of British Insects, accurately determined and in harmony
with continental nomenclature. It may be perhaps necessary to
remind you, for so little has been latel}^ said about it that it is
perhaps forgotten, that your Council long ago arranged for the
compilation and publication of such a Catalogue. The Avork goes
on slowly but surelv, and the first Part, the Neuroj^tera, compiled
b}^ our best authority on the Order, Mr. M'Lachlan, the Ephemeridre
by the Bev. Mr. Eaton, is now ready for the press.

XXXIX

Numerous Entomological works are published in England inde-
pendently of Societies and Natural-History periodicals. Some of
these are serials, like Hewitson's 'Exotic Butterflies' and Stainton's
magnificent ' Natural History of the Tineina,' of long standing and
acknowledged merit, the number of which has been increased during
the year by the ' Lepidoptera Exotica,' a quarterly work, published
by Mr. Janson, on a plan similar to Mr. Hewitson's well-known
publication, the plates and descriptions furnished by Mr. Butler. It
is seldom that an independent work appears containing the fruits of
original research in the more neglected departments of Entomology,
such as are frequent^ published on the Continent, and especially in
German}^ ; we have, however, to record the appearance, wdtlim the
last few weeks, of a book of this class, which I think will do credit
to Biitish Science. It is the ' Anatomy and Physiology of the
Blow-fly,' by Mr. B. T. Lowne, an octavo volume illustrated with
ten plates and published by Mr. Van Voorst. The work contains
the fruit of several years' close study of the minute anatomy and
morphology of this familiar insect, and as the attention of the
author has been kept alive to the morj^hology of the parts, and to
disputed points of fmiction of important organs, his observations
have a general bearing on insects, and will be found most suggestive
to students of all the Orders. There is much originality both in the
facts and deductions recorded m the book, and the arrangement and
style are so clear that with the aid of the figures, drawn by the
author himself from his own preparations, there is little difiiculty in
comprehending even the most obscure details. Among the new
points, the credit of which may be fairly claimed by him, is, first,
the exposition of tlie structure and development of the integument,
in which, admitting the conclusion that the derm consists of three
layers, he applies to them the names protoderm, mesoderm and
endoderm, rejecting the term cuticle for the outer layer or proto-
derm, which invests the whole surface of the insect, including even
the hairs and the eyes, and forming the lining-membrane of the
tracheal svstem, because it is quite unlike the cuticle in vertebrates,
being persistent and not deciduous : the different modes in which
these derms are evolved in the metamorphosis of the insect form
part of the originalit}' of his views upon them. Next may be
mentioned his observations on the foot-pads, and explanation of the
process by which flies can walk in an inverted position or on a

smooth surface. He here differs from recent writers on the same
subject; rejecting the view that the adhesion of the foot of the fly
is caused by sucker-action of the pads, or by mechanical grasp of
minute inequalities of ground b}'^ the hairs with which they are
furnished. His observations have led him to revert to the old
oi)inion that adhesion is caused by a viscous secretion, an opinion
which he has established as a scientific fact by working out the
subject most thoroughly. The viscous secretion, he sa3"S, is forced
by pressure, from a long sac contained within the four precedmg
tarsal joints, through each hair, and is visible by a moderately high
power in the microscope, on vertical pressure of the tarsus of the
fl}', as a globule at the tips of the hairs. The mechanical principle
on which the foot is raised again, in walking, is most ingeniously
explained ; and he makes the suggestion that the climbing powers of
arboreal Coleoptera are due to a similar structure, which must also
be that which enables the males of the Geodephaga and other tribes
to grasp the smooth bodies of the females before coition ; in most
of these cases the soles of the tarsi being furnished with brush-like
pads. Another new point is the description of the wing-muscles of
the thorax and the mode of flight ; the muscular action brought
into play in fl^dng being explained as similar to that in crawling,
only, of course, infinitely more energetic and rapid. The longitudinal
muscles of the thorax, which are of great strength, cause b}^ their
action a minute and excessively rapid rising and falling of the
thoracic parietes, which act on the wings ; and he was able to pro-
duce the action in dead individuals by working with a forceps in
imitation of the muscles. He differs in ojiinion from some
authorities regarding the homologies of the segments, especially of
the head, Avhich have been so greatly modified in the Insect class.
The detection of a sympathetic or organic nerve -system, the
structure and nature of the halteres, the nature and use of the
olfactory organs, the tegumentary nature of the eyes and ocelli, and
the tracheal arrangement in the eyes, ma}^ be all cited as new facts
and explanations contained in the work. As general conclusions,
the great relative concentration of the nervous system in Diptera,
well brought out by the author, and adduced as a proof that they
are amongst the most highly-organized in the Insect class, is
interesting ; but m this portion of the investigation he is treading
more or less in the steps of continental naturalists.

xli

I cannot quit the subject of Entomology in our own country
without some notice of the hibours of one of our practical Ento-
mologists, who has much distinguished himself during the
year as a collector in distant countries ; for it is to the class of
Entomological travellers that we are chief!}' indebted for the rapid
growth of our knowledge of insect forms throughout the world.
Mr. Buckley, who appeared before us at oui* last Meeting to exliibit
a portion of his collection, was about a year and a half ago com-
missioned by Mr. Hewitson to "sisit the eastern slopes of the Andes
of Ecuador, chiefly to collect Diui'nal Lepidoptera, and returned,
after an absence of only foui'teen months, with a collection of 5000
specimens in an excellent state of preservation, and including 135, or
according to a freer estimation 150, new species. The discovery of
so much novelty, and many of the species are ver}^ strildngly
different from anything we had before seen, in a limited district,
is of scientific interest, inasmuch as it shows how cautious we ought
to be in our estimate of the number of species actually existing in
nature, and in our comparisons of the faunas of different regions.
The time, moreover, in which the collection was made is stated by
Mr. Buckley to be only about two and a half months, so many
weeks being lost by constant rains, and of course several months
occupied by the journey there and back. The route which he
followed was, after landing at Guayaquil, across the Western
Cordillera by the foot of Chimborazo, to the city of Biobamba,
thence by the lofty Andean road to Bancs on the Upper Pastaza,
and down the slopes of the Eastern Cordillera, following the valley
of the river and the path which leads off to Canelos on the Bobo-
naza, which river he explored to Sarayacu, and then worked
through the difficult forest-paths to the banks of the Napo and
back. The Andes here do not sink abruptly into the great plain of
the Amazons as they do in Middle Peru, further south, but form
a succession of mountain-ridges, each of several thousand feet of
elevation, lying more or less parallel to the main Cordillera.
Through each of the deep valleys thus formed between the ranges
flows a river, and it would appear that each valle}^ contains a great
amount of species peculiar to itself, for many of the most striking
species in the collection are described by Mr. Buckley as being seen
in one valley only. The difficult forest track in descending from
. Banos in an easterly direction crosses the valleys and intervening
ranges successivelv, and the ascent of some of the latter is described

xlii

as of great steepness. The distance marched from the crest of the
Andes to the Napo was ahout 150 miles. The whole region, hill and
valley alike, is clothed with dense and luxuriant forest, and lying
under the equator, with constant drenching rains caused by the
condensation, on the cold edge of the Ancl^ean plateau, of the
vapour-laden winds from the warm plains to the eastward, the
country is a j^erfect hot -house, reekmg with moisture, and offering
the most favourable conditions to the abundance of insect life. The
population is scanty, composed chiefly of semi-civilized Indians,
living in small scattered villages. Food is scarce, and hunger adds
greatly to the difficulties of the traveller, worn and exhausted b}^
hard work in such an atmosphere. The remoter parts are still
occupied by wild Indians hostile to the whites, and Mr. Buckley was
obliged to leave many promising valleys unvisited on this account,
his Indian guides refusing to encounter the risk of accompanying
him. He remained as long as health and strength were able to
withstand the strain to which hunger and the sweltering climate
subjected them, and then returned across the Andes with his
precious cargo to England.

As Mr. Buckley carefully recorded the precise locality of ever}^
specimen he took, we might expect to obtain from his journey those
much-needed facts regarding the geographical relations of closely-
allied species in Andean valleys, which, notwithstanding that so
many collectors have worked for years past in New Granada,
Ecuador and Peru, have never yet been afforded. A complete
list, with localities, would be of the greatest interest, and it is to
be hoped that Mr. Hewitson, who alone has had the opportunity
of studying the entire collection, will accede to the general wish
expressed at our last Meeting, by giving this information.

The mention of this subject leads me to make a few remarks on
geographical distribution, by way of illustrating what is meant when
we say that questions of high scientific importance depend upon it.
The idea of the value of localities in connexion with specimens or
species, with some Entomologists, I am afraid does not reach very
far. They like to know in what countries the different forms are
found, and perhaps, as in French collections, show the distribution
by writing the specific names in their cabinets on kibels coloured
according to the part of the world the species inhabit ; the primary
divisions of the world, as Europe, N. and S. America, Africa,

xliii

Australia, perhaps West Indies, and so forth, being considered
sufficient. This brings out the leading facts of distribution very
well, such as the restriction of many genera and groups of genera to
each of the great divisions, and the distinctive facies which all the
products from one region possess ; but we seldom see it carried
further, and it remains a pretty association of Geography with
Natural History, and no more. Eesults infinitely more suggestive
are brought about if the student labels each specimen with its
locality, instead of recording it on the ticket which bears the
specific name placed below all the specimens, and if he is fortunate
enough to be able to amass a large suite of specimens, accurately so
ticketed, of genera abounding in local varieties and closel^^-allied
species. Indications of the conditions under Avhich varieties, local
races, and x^erhaps species, are formed in Nature, are revealed by
this method, and a field of investigation is opened which connects
the study of a few insect species with some of the most difiicult
problems that are now engaging the attention of philosophers. The
most common event that happens, when a student works at a series
of species in this way, is the discovery that even the most constant
species vary in some parts of their area of distribution ; the next,
that a small well-marked difference in a species is generally a local
difl:erence, and embraces all the individuals of the district in which
it occurs. As the collection increases, further curious facts come
out. It is found, for instance, that some highly -variable species
give rise to one set of varieties in one area, another distinctly
different set in another area, and so on ; and further, that in some
areas one, or perhaps more, of these variations will be better marked
than, and preponderate in number over, the other varieties of the
same species. Still further, it is found that in some districts one
such variety alone occurs, having apparently prevailed over all the
others. To be properly impressed, however, with the great truth
and reality of these facts, the student should himself have travelled
as an Entomological collector over an extent of country embraced
by many local varieties of variable species ; otherwise his attention
will not be suiSciently excited to the curious facts Nature presents
to him, and he will not take the trouble to amass and obtain the-
exact localities of numerous specimens of common variable species.
Perhaps the most important result of this attention to distribution
of varieties is that a fine gradation of forms or degrees of variation
will be found, from the "sport" or variety, such as is liable to be

» H

xliv

produced in the same brood, to the well-segregated race living in
company with another race referable to the same stock. As such
most authors, perhaps rightly, consider these latter as good and true
species ; and thus the formation of species out of mere variations is
illustrated by the facts of geographical distribution.

But it is not this branch of the subject with which we are so
much concerned, when we wisli to compare the productions of the
different Andean valleys and their vertical ranges, as that relating to
the nature of barriers to distribution. It has been received as a
principle in Zoological and Botanical Geography, that grand physical
barriers, such as mountain ranges, form an impassable limit to the
faunas and floras of the plains on each side of them. It is repeated,
in almost every Manual of Physical Geography, after Humboldt,
who I believe was the originator of the statement, that the species
are all different on the two sides of the Andes of South America.
Such a fact, if well established, would be interesting in many ways.
First, it would throw light on the Geology of the country, as proving
that the Andes must have existed as a ridge, sufficiently lofty to
prevent the creatures of the plains crossing it, before the origin of
the species which now people the plains on each side. Now, it is
possible that this broad and important generalization may have been
made on a too slender foundation of facts. Of course, in those parts
of the Pacific coast-region (two-thirds of the whole line within the
tropics), where the conditions of soil, climate and vegetation are
totally different on the two sides of the Andes, no community of
species is possible. A lofty mountain barrier would be here un-
necessary, for a